Court of Appeals of Texas June 2020 casesAvalos-Escalon v. StateWilson v. StateRossi v. CAE Inc.Travion DePaul Fountain v. StateLenoire v. StatePMR/WHM, Ltd. v. 165 Howe, L.P.UHS of Timberlawn, Inc. v. SmithIn re WalkerIn re C.D.In re C.J.Y.In re I.G.F.Myers v. HCB Real HoldingsMidgley v. StateOrtega v. StateIn re J.S.Arballo v. StateIn re Tabletop Media, LLCAkwa-Diallo v. City of GarlandForbit v. StateCirlos v. StateMcClain v. FolkersonStephens v. LiceaIn re GomezIn re GomezIn re I.N.M.Hall v. StateRivas v. StateDuncan v. Park Place Motorcars, Ltd.Waller v. WallerAsciutto v. StateSlack v. Consulate of GreeceCity of Dallas v. KennedyWalker v. OnughaSaenz v. StateSmith v. StateCKD Homes Direct, Ltd. v. HegarGreen v. StateTong v. Nationstar Mortg. LLCTunchez v. HoukIn re T.A.Adams v. LopezState ex rel. OggSmith v. StateSolis v. StateIn re DonderoIn re MasefieldYuoslaya v. AJ & SAL Enter.Mancilla-Mendoza v. StateLutterodt v. PotterBaker v. StateMoreno v. StateAlanis v. Wells Fargo BankOrosco v. StateDunlap v. TroisSuarez v. StatePentland v. StateIn re Interest of S.K.Alvarado v. StateMoreno v. StateKitchen v. LutcavageHendrix v. StateJetall Cos. v. JPG Waco Heritage, LLCParker v. StateIn re Commitment of JacksonSimmons v. Midland FundingSanders v. SandersIn re WhitehurstRockwell Debt Free Props., Inc. v. KernDilworth v. StateJohnson v. StateVP Media Sys. v. Blu Hawk Enters.Lawrence v. Stewart Creek Villas LPPrestonwood Tradition, LP v. ReppChoice v. StateSilva v. DiazSteele v. UG Nat'l Constructive & CY Addison Hosp. Partners, LLCIn re CrenshawR3Build Constr. Servs. v. DraydenCity of San Antonio v. HurónTitle Source, Inc. v. HouseCanary, Inc.In re Rockstar Remodeling & Diamond Decks, LLCL. A. v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs.In re Mountain Valley Indem. Co.QBE Ams., Inc. v. WalkerRodgers v. StateHollingsworth v. Parklane Corp.C.D.C. v. StewartIn re Interest of E. H.Raley v. Daniel K. Hagood, P.C.Benavides v. StateJohnston v. StateGranger v. StateIn re MarshallOrtiz v. StateEdison v. StateRoel v. StateIn re L.G.N.In re Z.R.Kelsey-Seybold Med. Grp. v. CheeksCurlee v. StateZavala v. StrackLynch v. StateCarmichael ex rel. Commerce Towers Condo. Ass'n v. Tarantino Props., Inc.Daniels v. Allsup's Convenience StoresIn re FloresBurton v. GuevaraAlanis v. Wells Fargo Bank O'Neal v. StateIn re McBrideState v. RiddleEx parte GonzalezWalters v. StateCarcamo v. StateBaby Dolls Topless Saloons, Inc. v. SoteroMoss v. StateAGL Constructors v. PTG-HDR JVState v. JerniganJohnson v. DinhOrosco v. StateSHS Holdings v. RowanTaylor v. StateWhite v. BenavidesPalau v. Act Invs.Roel v. StateHernandez v. StateStewart v. StateTitle Source, Inc. v. HouseCanary, Inc.State v. TorresSavage v. StateJariwala v. All Am. BankWeakley v. StateCare Tecture, LLC v. Matheson Commercial Props.Hernandez v. StateOgunlana v. CunninghamThacker v. StateIE.Com, Ltd. v. PeelerTovar v. StateKumon N. Am. Inc. v. NguyenYazdchi v. PD Towing of Hous.U.S. Bank v. Freedom Indeed Found.Devon Energy Prod. Co. v. SheppardGates v. GatesIn re Park Square Co-Owners Ass'nCrowell v. StatePatino v. Tex. Dep't of Ins.-Div. of Workers' Comp.Ramirez v. StateIn re MarshallPalmer v. StateIn re BragerEvans v. StateEx parte RoblesaHous. Auth. of Stanton v. BermeaIn re GarciaLutterodt v. PotterWilson v. StateCont'l Motors, Inc. v. Danbury Aerospace, Inc.In re GonzalezLucatero v. StateWhite v. StateIn re A.G.Midwest Compressor Sys. LLC v. Highland Imperial, Inc.Ex parte HodgesHous. Auth. of Dall. v. RuddWalker v. Pegasus Eventing, LLCIn re GonzalesFaber v. Collin Creek Assisted Living Ctr.Thoman v. Roofing Contractors Ass'nCox v. StateMuhammad v. Chuc-RosalesEx parte JonesLandaverde v. StateIn re M.A.J.Edison v. StateCalderon-Cardona v. StateD.M. v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs.Well 2 Web, Inc. v. Kirby-Smith Mach., Inc.Crawford v. StateOverloon v. StateScarborough v. StateIn re FTS Int'l, Inc.Howard v. StateIn re HendersonIn re Fair Oaks Country Store, LLCIn re A.C.Smith v. StateEx parte C.D.R.McCain v. StatePentland v. StatePrestonwood Tradition, LP v. JenningsHerd v. StateHogg v. Everest Windsor, L.P.Johnson v. JohnsonMedina v. StateIn re CarterRodgers v. StateSibley v. BechtelPadua v. Jason A. Gibson, P.C.In re J.D.G.Gordon v. GordonBuckingham Senior Living Cmty., Inc. v. WashingtonIn re Webber, LLCWilliams v. WilliamsState v. MoralesIn re MarvinJones v. ColemanCardenas v. StateCamacho v. StateWilmington Savings Fund Soc'y, FSB v. Hunters Glen Mun. Util. Dist.Selinger v. City of McKinneyTHB Constr., LLC v. Holt Texas, Ltd.Turner v. StateVeal v. StateMcLamore v. Town Ctr. Vill.Nadeau v. StateHawthorne v. StateMelton v. 601 Jealouse, LLCMillican v. BurbaSchulz v. StateIn re FTS Int'l, Inc.Bustos v. Encino Park Homeowners Ass'nMcKinney v. StateWashington v. Associated Builders & Contractors Inc.Hodges v. StateIn re RodriguezIn re K.E.W.In re State ex rel. GarzaPeoples v. StateQuinonez v. StateHolt v. StateValentine v. StateFleeks v. StateTarrant Cnty. Coll. Dist. v. SimsIn re Interest of J.L.B.In re Border to Border Expl., LLCHanson v. Am. Express Nat'l BankIn re Allstate Fire & Cas. Ins. Co.NMF P'ship v. Dall. Cnty.Jimenez v. StateRobinson v. StateBahena v. StateMahmood v. WardEx parte W.T.M.In re C.J.Y.Jasso v. StateState v. SmithAm. Pride Express Logistics, Inc. v. Joe Jordan Trucks, Inc.Anderson v. Lonestar Patent Servs.Tucker v. StateWenger v. StateCity of San Antonio v. WalkerIn re N.K.C.Gray v. GrayKhan v. StateIn re C.D.Lee v. StateGitau v. StateMims v. StateGordon v. StateAndrews v. John Crane, Inc.Cabrales v. StateDavis v. StateSnowden v. RavkindCity of Pharr v. CabreraSaunders v. StateSegundo Navarro Drilling, Ltd. v. San Roman Ranch Mineral PartnersClayton Woods Homeowners Ass'n v. Cweren Law Firm PLLCOntiveros v. State13335 Duluth Rest. & Bar, L.L.C. v. HegarCity of San Antonio v. HurónS. W. v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs.In re MBH Real Estate, LLCIn re Daimler Trucks N. Am., LLCIn re Interest of S.B.Canales v. StateIn re A.T.E.Tran v. StiddReid v. WoredeBCCC Soc. Members Ass'n v. Barton Creek Resort LLCReyes v. StateAngelis v. Tex. Workforce Comm'nTex. Soccer Found. v. Sting Soccer Found.Hlavinka v. HSC Pipeline P'shipMartinez v. KwasDavis v. StateStapleton v. QuiSmith v. StateIn re McGaryIn re SaweyPurvis v. StateIn re R.S.Copeland v. A-Town/Hi-TechBahena v. StateIn re B.E.Holmes v. Graham Mortg. Corp.Musculoskeletal Imaging Consultants, LLC v. Jar Enters.Allstate Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co. v. WalkerDeluna v. StateBlankinship v. StateBrown v. StatePatel v. Oscar Ins. Co.Paxton v. SimmonsFisher v. StatePrestonwood Tradition, LP v. ReppOliva v. StateIn re MasefieldMaayeh v. CurryLutterodt v. PotterIn re ColeEx parte BarrettIn re N.E.C.Jackson v. StateJimenez v. StateMoheb v. DizajiyanSoria v. StateStone v. StateWilliams v. StateIn re O.J.O.Vann v. Level Four Grp.Chesapeake Expl. v. 7K Invs.Suarez v. SilvasIn re J.K.O.In re J.C.R.Segura-Romero v. CastineiraIn re N.E.C.Izen v. LaineJones v. StateMoore v. StateCazares v. SegoviaMoreno v. StateLucey v. StateWard v. StateJtreo, Inc. v. Hightower & Assocs. In re CampbellApodaca v. StateIn re Interest of S.G.I.Banes v. City of HoustonKankonde v. MankanIn re Estate of JohnsonIn re J.C.Reed v. StateJackson v. StateIn re Commitment of LaresIn re Fair Oaks Country Store, LLCIn re V.R.Wenger v. StateMusculoskeletal Imaging Consultants, LLC v. Jar Enters.Ortiz v. StateState v. Tex. Democratic PartyIn re Q.P.O.Raley v. Daniel K. Hagood, P.C.Contreras v. StateGaskin v. StateGerlich v. StateIn re TopletzButler v. StateInfinity Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co. v. TatschOrtiz v. StateCortez v. StateJones v. StateWells v. StateKeller v. StateC. W. v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs.Walker v. Pegasus Eventing, LLCMena v. StateIn re S.L.E.Williams v. StateIn re Interest of E.S.Coffey v. StateCole v. StateIn re Interest of R.R.K.Gatewood v. StateKanen v. Dewolff, Boberg & Assocs.Helpful Comput. Guy, LLC v. WhippleMontez v. StateMontesdeoca v. StateArriola v. StateTisdall v. VarebrookIn re SolisOzumba v. DoeFlanagin v. StatePowell v. StateMann v. StateDelgado v. StateState v. AguhSherwood v. StateTravion DePaul Fountain v. StateMcDonald v. StateMireles v. StateRangel v. StateHernandez v. AerospaceEx parte CamposFabian v. StateDelgadillo v. Bandera Auto SalesMuhammad v. StateIn re HenckelIn re T.N.S.Loadmaster Universal Rigs, Inc. v. Twin City Fire Ins. Co.Lopez v. StateIn re A.M.Flores v. StateBerry Y&V Fabricators, LLC v. BambaceIn re M.M.Tidrow v. StateEx parte LeeGrigsby v. StateIn re A.P.N.Magnum Air, Inc. v. Maven Mech.Dodd v. MonaIn re E.P.In re A.P.N.In re Interest of F.K.C.Edwards v. Sw. Bell Tel. Co.Pac. Standard Holdings v. CitiMortgage, Inc.White v. StatePetton v. StateMizutowicz v. PR Genesis, LPHanschen v. HanschenSantamaria v. StateWatts v. StateLang Yen Nguyen v. StateIn re SearcyHanson v. Am. Express Nat'l BankMedstar Funding, LC v. WillumsenMaxwell v. MaxwellBarajas v. StateLSC Towers, LLC v. LG Preston Campbell, LLCIn re UV Logistics, LLCStovall v. EdgewaterIn re LangfordHerod v. StateRancho Viejo Cattle Co. v. ANB Cattle Co.Grear v. StateThomas v. StateIn re S.C.State v. ColbyLopez v. StateState v. PatelPurper v. Am. Auto Broker, LLCTitle Source, Inc. v. HouseCanary, Inc.In re ColeIn re D.B.Lowry v. StateSolomon v. StateAlejandrez v. StateIn re K.K.B.Ramirez v. StateCarpenter v. StateChristie v. Tex. Real Estate Comm'nSmith v. StateIn re N.K.C.Stouffer v. Levine & Father Operating Corp.Holmes v. Graham Mortg. Russo v. StateJones v. StateLSC Towers, LLC v. LG Preston Campbell, LLCCook v. Monaghan Med. Corp.Fountain v. StateGreen v. StateDreien Opportunity Partners, LLC v. OCH-ZIFL Capital Invs.Lewis v. LewisStar Med. Ctr. v. Tritin Med. Distribution, LLCIn re FloresSt. John Missionary Baptist Church v. FlakesWheelock v. StatePeterson v. HEB Grocery Co.Bierhalter v. StateIn re L.V.S.Loper v. StateSkinner v. StateE. L. v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs.Barnes v. StateIn re Guardianship pf BrowningFeldhendler v. BlasnikFletcher v. StateGallagher v. Collin Cnty.Reed v. StateJones v. CoppingerKeenan v. River Oaks Prop. Owners, Inc.Entergy Tex., Inc. v. Pub. Util. Comm'nIndus. Waste Sols. v. SummaForst v. NealGregg v. WallaceHaniah Invs. v. CSMC 2019 BPL1 Tr.Miller v. Maplewood Square Council of Co-OwnersState v. MinatraDemar v. GarciaIn re S.C.Harvey v. StateGomez v. StateIn re LongCooper v. StateIn re KatoRice v. HickersonKehoe v. Kendall Cnty.In re T.K.B.Vasquez v. StateIn re PerlB.C. v. Steak N Shake Operations, Inc.Thomas v. StateGriffin v. StateIn re ToweryNationstar Mortg. v. LeffCalderilla v. StateDolly v. StateAvalos v. StateIn re Redbird Trails ApartmentsIn re Redbird Trails ApartmentsWestberg v. MasonIn re Interest of K.T.W.In re B.N.Wilson v. Starbucks Corp.Bowenwright v. StateRubio v. StateIn re SearcyJohnson v. StateCrane v. HannaPlainsCapital Bank v. KrasovecIn re M.P.B.Boas v. StateEarth Power v. PageA. R. v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs.BBB Farms v. RichardsonIn re A.N.R.In re Return Lee to Lee ParkPrestonwood Tradition, LP v. SolomonIn re Commitment of JacksonKapur v. Harris Cnty.Coker v. Comm'n for Lawyer DisciplineSerman v. StateSweat v. StateCity of Fort Worth v. PridgenIn re MarshallState v. Tex. Democratic PartyYbarra v. StateMeza v. StateMRC Permian Company v. Point Energy Partners Permian LLCIn re D.F.D.In re Fedex Freight, Inc.In re A.C.Ex parte C.D.R.Gonzalez v. GonzalezBierhalter v. StateBuholtz v. Leap Prop. Mgmt.In re ToudouzeIn re Equinor Tex. Onshore Props.Yammine v. HealySegundo Navarro Drilling, Ltd. v. San Roman Ranch Mineral PartnersAndrews v. John Crane, Inc.In re I.H.J.Collins v. StateIn re Amir-SharifJefferson v. GEICO Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co.In re Webber, LLCFry Sons Ranch, Inc. v. FryWilson v. StateNeal v. NealSantamaria v. StateBrown v. DanielsIn re A.P.Univ. of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. RhoadesKillian v. StateRiver City Partners v. City of AustinHomeAdvisor, Inc. v. WaddellHogan v. Aspire Fin., Inc.Merida v. StateGoodman v. StatePrestonwood Tradition, LP v. ReppPruitt v. StateUniv. of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. RhoadesIn re A.D.B.Empower Texans, Inc. v. Dall. Cnty.Lindley v. MaloneBarajas v. StateB.C. v. Steak N Shake Operations, Inc.Doe v. Univ. of Incarnate WordMacy's Retail Holdings v. BenavidesIn re CatteryMarshall v. StateMenjivar v. StateRamirez v. StateDollahite v. Howry, Breen & Herman, L.L.P.Ivers v. StateIn re W.G.H.Boniello v. StateKankonde v. MankanBrown v. StateHernandez v. StateGlenn v. FreemanArballo v. StateAvalos v. StateRice v. HickersonIn re PerlKinsey v. AL Glob. Servs.Kinsey v. Al Glob. Servs.Mulvey v. Bay, Ltd.Khan v. MonroeMerino v. StateIn re State ex rel. GarzaVSDH Vaquero Venture v. GrossRubio v. StateIn re New Braunfels Am. Motorcycles, Ltd.In re D.T.Ex parte DikesCastro v. StateMeade v. StateAction Roofing & Constr., Inc. v. Noble Capital Servicing, LLCEdwards v. StateRoland's Roofing Co. v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co.In re S.V.H.Bustos v. Encino Park Homeowners Ass'nState ex rel. DurdenBradshaw v. StateIn re ZidanLopez v. StateFunmilayo v. Aresco, LPThomas v. AllieGallagher v. Collin Cnty.Sheikh v. DoeTaylor v. StateAkpan v. WagemakerSanchez v. StateSheikh v. DoeLeyva v. StateCesar Ornelas Law, PLLC v. ChavezMueller v. MuellerPopp v. StateKolobotos v. Jtreo, Inc.Lewis v. StateIn re MarshallBalli v. Clute Police Dep'tBerry v. StateJohnson v. StateUniv. of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. RhoadesPoulton v. StateIn re AltgilbersBowenwright v. StateDoe v. Univ. of Incarnate WordEspiritu v. StateEllis v. EllisPetton v. StateGomez v. SaniHeidelberg v. DOH Oil Co.Freyer v. Lyft, Inc.Melchor v. StateNevarez Law Firm, P.C. v. Inv'r Land Servs.Peterson v. StateGonzalez v. GonzalezIn re Tabletop Media, LLCSegundo Navarro Drilling, Ltd. v. San Roman Ranch Mineral PartnersEnglish v. Ex-Centro Grp.Stone v. K Clark Prop. Mgmt.Ex parte FelanGensetix, Inc. v. Baylor Coll. of Med.Avila v. StateBrown v. StateState v. BocanegraTeague v. StateGuyger v. StateIn re MartinRose v. Econ. & Dev. Gen. Trading Co. USMobile Telecomms. Techs. v. Reed & Scardino, LLPAvalos v. StateBrown v. StateJ. O. v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs.Jones v. Hous. Auth. of Dall.Yazdi v. Automax Auto. Grp.Baker v. StateParedes-Ruiz v. StateGamboa v. AlecioThornton v. NgoIn re FloresIn re DonderoAkwa-Diallo v. City of GarlandHunt v. StateA.W.E. v. D.M.F.N.Hunderman v. Nationstar Mortg.In re State ex rel. OggOwens v. StateTadeo v. StateIn re C.L.S.Calderilla v. StateFeldhendler v. BlasnikShields v. ShieldsBDS Rest., Inc. v. SoteroMesser v. Hereford Logistics & Commodity Co.Johnson v. DinhWeakley v. StateIn re SolisMcGee v. StateIn re Estate of MorenoIn re GarlandIn re I.G.F.In re S.L.E.Ponce v. Comm'n for Lawyer DisciplineKneese v. Wells Fargo BankEspiritu v. StateCity of San Antonio v. Von DohlenMarquez v. StateSalazar v. StateIn re CrenshawEx parte TaylorRPC, Inc. v. CTMI, LLCPonce v. StateAlfaro v. StateBridges v. StateRodgers v. StateIn re X.A.F.Andrews v. John Crane, Inc.Hill v. StatePadua v. Jason A. Gibson, P.C.W. Law Office, PLLC v. ThakkarSteiner v. StateLarkin v. SalinasSheikh v. DoeWolf v. StateCarpenter v. StateCooper v. SmithIn re Commitment of CurtisIn re E.W.M.Choice v. StateBrackens v. StateSimien v. La Quinta Inn & SuitesDuffy v. StateFajardo v. StateIn re I.E.S.In re S.R.L.Treadwell v. TreadwellRobledo v. HernandezGowen v. StateBaylor Scott & White Health v. RoughneenDiaz v. StateHernandez v. StateGarza v. GarzaIn re L.J.Baywater Drilling, LLC v. RatliffNewsom, Terry & Newsom, LLP v. Henry S. Miller Commercial Co.Arnold v. AddisonAguero v. StateFaber v. Collin Creek Assisted Living Ctr.Atkins v. StateThompson v. FongInfinity Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co. v. TatschHernandez v. StateIn re Estate of HohmannIn re Estate of MorenoIn re Fedex Freight, Inc.Pumphrey v. Full Circle Capital Corp.Gonzales Rental Props., LLC v. Am. Express Nat'l BankSedekiya v. StateBauer v. StateFuller v. StatePerez v. StateSabins v. StateIn re KherkherTejas Motel, L.L.C. v. City of MesquiteFranco v. StateEaster v. StateTex. Health Mgmt. v. Healthspring Life & Health Ins. Co.Quezada v. KGMH Prop. Invs. In re Interest of C.M.W.Wesley v. StateCampbell v. MartellIn re Return Lee to Lee ParkPrestonwood Tradition, LP v. SolomonIn re WilliamsLiscano v. StateBahena v. StateGriswold v. StateRaley v. Daniel K. Hagood, P.C.Virlar v. PuenteTucker v. StateIn re WalkerAbbott v. StateIn re CallicotteRichards v. StateLampley v. StateCabral v. StateIn re Marriage of AcklenUrquhart v. MarsawSolis v. StateMobile Telecomms. Techs. v. Reed & Scardino, LLPMurphy v. StateSanchez v. StrieverCoffey v. StateRealtex Constr., LLC v. RicoIn re Cipherloc Corp.Roberson v. StateCollaborative Imaging, LLC v. Zotec Partners, LLCRogers v. StateIn re L.C.R.In re GomezCone v. StateIn re M.P.B.Ron v. RonD'Olivio v. HermusBMV Redevelopment, LLC v. RubioAkwa-Diallo v. City of GarlandAGL Constructors v. PTG-HDR JVWilliams v. StateIn re JimenezTitus v. StateGonzalez v. StateGarey v. SmithHernandez v. StateIn re VallejoIn re WilsonIn re S.B.Burks v. StateHernandez v. MotaghiIn re I.L.In re J.O.H.In re UV Logistics, LLCTex. Educ. Agency v. Progreso Indep. Sch. Dist.Ex parte HodgesSanchez-Vasquez v. StateShopoff Advisors, L.P. v. First Am. Title Co.A.W.E. v. D.M.F.N.Delgadillo v. Bandera Auto SalesInfinity Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co. v. TatschMedard Interests Inc. v. MedardSotelo v. StateForever Living Prods. Int'l v. Aloe Veritas Ams., LLCIn re Estate of MorganShubert v. StateIn re M.T.Jefferson v. GEICO Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co.In re BragerWestberg v. MasonJefferson v. GEICO Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co.Williams v. ValdezBotello v. MidFirst BankKBIDC Invs. v. ZURU Toys Inc.Cavin v. AbbottTunad Enters. v. PalmaUballe v. StateStanderfer v. StateTahay-Marroquin v. StateOliva v. StatePurvis v. StateGallagher v. Collin Cnty.Hays v. StateHerod v. StateIn re EspinozaMoe's Home Collection, Inc. v. Davis St. Mercantile, LLCTucker v. StateIn re G.M.In re A.K.Sanchez-Vasquez v. StateIn re B.H.E.Sustaita v. StateUtil. Trailer Mfg. Co. v. CantuSimmons v. Midland FundingAmaro v. AmaroIn re LongParson v. Deutsche Bank Ocwen Loan ServicingHegar v. Gateway Regency, LPHegar v. RPM Dining, LLCSampson v. StateBrown v. StateOzumba v. DoeIn re Interesrt of E.R.D.Leos-Trejo v. StateKerns v. StateAkpabio v. StateIn re E.P.T.Young v. RoalsonSmith v. Malone (In re Estate of Poff)Zentech, Inc. v. GunterDas v. HesterEstrada v. StateCity of Corpus Christi v. Graham Constr. Servs., Inc.State v. KahookeleFlores v. StateEx parte McDonald