Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York November 1931 casesDwelle-Kaiser Co. v. FridMatter of Anderson v. WheelehanJoseph v. SchatzkinMatter of AndrewsMcCaffery v. State of New YorkWHITE v. DAHNMassaro v. Glens Falls Insurance CompanyLehman v. LehmanSINCLAIR REFINING CO., INC. v. ZLOTDunscombe v. Crocker-Wheeler Electric Mfg. Co.Hunninghaus v. SchmittCentral Chandelier Company v. Irving Trust CompanyKoch v. New York Central Railroad Co.Klemp v. ValleeKennedy v. Schwarz, Inc.Matter of QuirkMatter of Liberty Title and Trust CompanyClark v. Standard Rock Asphalt CorporationMatter of Horowitz v. StoneFahnestock v. ThompsonNusbaum v. DavinMatter of Brooklyn Bar AssociationMatter of MacGreadyFirst National Bank of Southampton v. RyderBrown v. EganPfaltz v. ThompsonChatham Phenix Natl. Bank Tr. v. 100 W. 55TH STSpirou v. Home Insurance Company of New YorkMatter of Goodkowitz v. LynchMatter of Sanford v. GreeneCity of New York v. EveryRichter v. GerkenZmyrko v. StraubPeople v. GonickCommissioner of Public Charities v. LetiziaRelay Motor Truck Corporation of New York v. LongoMatter of Freeland v. Endicott Forging Mfg. Co.Wander Bros., Inc. v. OsbornMatter of Cashion v. HarnettWatamond Realty Corporation v. SchwartzGotham Music Serv. v. Denton Haskins Music PubMATTER OF FAY v. GETTINGERPEOPLE EX REL. FLINN v. BARRReynolds v. ValentineMatter of Irving Trust CompanyBriarcliff Lodge Hotel v. Tarrytown Daily NewsFagarasz v. WiemanMcCarthy v. Syracuse Washing Machine CorporationMARVIN v. BONNKilleen v. U.S. Lines Operations, Inc.Richart v. WilliamsDemas v. WisnisCity Trust Co. v. NelsonPolekoff v. PolekoffMatter of WhiteBriarcliff Lodge Hotel v. Westchester NewspapersHofmann v. RossmanScharff v. KahanerFretz-Moon Tube Co., Inc. v. Samuel GreenbergPeople v. CastiglioneGoodman v. Wise Shoes, Inc.Matter of Collins v. Harry Berghorn's Sons, Inc.Briarcliff Lodge Hotel, Inc. v. Yonkers StatesmanPeople v. BlakeRosenberg v. RosenbergHessian Hills Country Club v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co.Mayaguez Drug Co. v. Globe and Rutgers Fire Ins. Co.PEOPLE EX REL. LALLEY v. BARRHall v. LeftonPavia v. Park-Lexington CorporationScheuer v. MorrisZERM v. ZERMMontebello Coal and Ice Corporation v. BenedettoMentz v. Efficient Building CorporationGoldman v. CardenNew York Butchers' Calfskin Ass'n, Ltd. v. FischerBieger v. FlynnLanning v. LanningMatter of FieldLast v. GilbertPeople ex Rel. Corporation of Yaddo v. FreemanPeople v. RicePeople v. GarfinkleONEIDA RETAIL CREDIT BUREAU, INC. v. COONSchrader v. HincheyTown of Southold v. PrestonSylbrook Building Corp. v. Strongland Holding Co.Matter of Messenger v. Chemung Foundry CorporationMatter of SkaffYale and Towne Manufacturing Company v. KeatingPeople v. GomezCousins v. Capitol Coal CorporationGrennan v. ColesDean v. Fidelity and Deposit Company of MarylandRyan v. New York Central Railroad CompanyMatter of Palmer v. DavisBond v. New York Title and Mortgage CompanyMoses v. ZierlerMatter of Defedi v. Dept. of Hlt. of City of N.YRooney v. Hudson and Manhattan Railroad CompanyMatter of WoolworthAnderson v. GriffithMatter of Connelly v. Samaritan HospitalDingman v. Northwestern Casualty and Surety Co.Schwartz v. Fair Waist Dress Co., Inc.J.J.G. Realty Co., Inc. v. H.S. Hillyer Co.Sidney Blumenthal Co., Inc. v. OltarshShourds v. ArmstrongMatter of Tepperberg Glasser, Inc. v. SchwartzPEOPLE v. RUDAORR v. LONG ISLAND RAILROAD COMPANYGREY ADVERTISING SERVICE, INC. v. YBRY CO., INCOlsen v. Patent Scaffolding CompanyKroger v. JaburgJakobs v. JakobsR.C. Smith Realty Corporation v. McClureMEE v. HALLPotter v. New York, O. W.R. Co.Poole v. Hartford Accident and Indemnity CompanyKATZ v. TRAVELERS INDEMNITY CO. OF HARTFORD, CONNKings Builders, Inc. v. PillarMulcahy v. FaughmanSpeciale v. EconomuPeople v. SallamackKuntz v. Lloyds Casualty CompanyMatter of Martin's Securities Co., Inc. v. WalkerMATTER OF MITCHELL v. INDEP. BUKARESTER SICK AIDBERNSTEIN v. R. HOE CO., INCALBERT A. VOLK CO. v. PRUDENTIAL INS. CO. OF AMCohen v. Rochester Gas and Electric CorporationFrank M. McCurdy Co., Inc. v. IhrigMatter of Sease v. Corning Building CompanyLynn v. Hewit Pharmacies, Inc.Strzelicka v. Chicago Fraternal Life AssociationHidden v. RaynoldsMatter of Fimiani v. Bd., App. of City of BuffaloMatter of Factory Mut. Liability Ins. Co. v. BehanPeck v. WeilFoster v. Int'l Merchandising Syndicate, Inc.Willis v. S.M.H. CorporationMatter of Paish v. T.H. Symington CompanyMatter of KlauberLampman v. DuncanMatter of City of New YorkE.W. Holmes, Inc. v. Switzerland Gen. Ins. Co.New York Trust Co. v. Royal Indemnity Co.Firestone Tire Rubber Co. v. Westminster TireSuperior Showcase Company, Inc. v. HellerEggert v. StanislawskiWright v. International Railway CompanyBaruch v. HeymanBartlett v. Warburton Hall AssociationKRAUSHAR v. ADE REALTY CORPORATIONFelleman v. LucknerMatter of Seagle v. Edward I. Rice, Inc.Mtr. of Salisbury v. N.Y. St. Bd. of Soc. WelfarePalese v. BriggsMatter of Pendl v. HaenelMatter of Sheridan v. Vandalia Chemical CompanyIron Fireman of N.Y., Inc. v. Sulgrave, Inc.Meltzer v. Hausman Wimmer CompanyMatter of Heineman v. William M. Calder CompanyMatter of City of New YorkKnight v. KnightCommercial National Bank v. National Surety Co.McCarrick v. Southern Pacific CompanyFarmer v. New York Central Railroad CompanyLANGPORT TILE COMPANY, INC. v. LIPPE.F. Drew Co., Inc. v. BaroneMatter of People v. PolepPeoples Bank of Hamburg v. C.L. Gates, Inc.Matter of Weissman v. Radcliffe Shoe Co., Inc.Henderson v. WhitePhilleo Corporation v. SullivanNew York Plumbers Specialties v. Jacksid RealtySmith v. Morin Brothers, Inc.Cohen v. CohenREYNOLDS v. KIPGeller v. GellerRuocchio v. GolodBrill v. American Surety CompanyMcGillick v. HarveyMatter of TillmanMatter of OlzynskiMagid v. Compagnie Generale TransatlantiqueRose v. RoseVillage of Monroe v. BenjaminPeople v. RothenbergGluckman Strauch, Inc. v. RothchildKogan v. Fair Waist Dress Co., Inc.Forman v. S. L. Building CorporationGoodkind v. WenderoffIacono v. Frank Frank Contracting Co., Inc.Sherwin v. ShalomMechaneck v. SendrowitzScandling v. WellerRutkowski v. LampeMorris v. MorrisPeople v. MarcusPeople v. ZogasMatter of LeopoldGREENFIELD v. KUMPWessner v. City of New YorkMatter of Brooklyn Bar AssociationLawlor v. CohenPeople v. BernsteinAldrich v. Turner, Carter Company, Inc.Gotham Music Serv. v. Denton Haskins Music PubSidney Blumenthal Co., Inc. v. OltarshRosenberg v. General Realty Service, IncorporatedBarbato v. UrsinoShemin v. HalpernMatter of Trimount Dredging Co. v. Robbins-RipleyMatter of Ruzsjak v. Metal Stamping CompanyHart v. RudukEvans v. Garrison Fire Detecting System, Inc.Frank M. McCurdy Co., Inc. v. BlinnBeckridge Corporation v. RaskinGreenfield v. Standard Romper Co., Inc.Waterside Holding Corp. v. LaskJARUSZEVICUS v. PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE CO. OF AMNeenan v. Woodside Astoria Transp. Co., Inc.Ouderkirk v. Boston Maine RailroadVillareal v. LissauerPeople v. RuchinskiAnderson v. WieserCooper v. City of New YorkMatter of Sherman Creek Realty Corp. v. HerrickSturner v. Delaware Properties, IncorporatedRossman v. City of New YorkMatter of Palmer v. LederChase Natl. Bk. of City of N.Y. v. 66-74 Court St.Matter of Seidenberg v. BurwellKelly v. EggersAronow v. SivinPerlman v. East Annadale Beach CorporationMatter of WardPeople v. MarcusMogannte v. AllarRoock v. WomerDavis v. DormanPanicia v. Relay Motor Truck CorporationBaker v. SchleyerLoumares v. Adolf Gobel, Inc.Matter of Priestley v. H. Hentz Co.TEEN v. MANDOURPeople v. FritcherMatter of TevlinIrving Industrial Corporation v. Luhar CorporationSawyer v. CrowellMatter of Jackin Realty Corporation v. WalkerLippincott v. Erie Railroad CompanyBanker v. Central Hanover Bank and Trust CompanySwanstrom v. SwanstromMeltzer v. Hausman and Wimmer CompanyDaniels v. Eastern Greyhound Lines, Inc.Munch Brewery, Inc. v. Brooklyn Bev. Dealers Ass'nBrown v. Deposit National BankRosenthal v. KeenanPeople v. BebermanCadman v. CollinsMurphy v. Future Taxi CorporationHunninghaus v. SchmittMatter of SalmonMatter of Patriaka v. Westchester Cty. Park CommStone v. KamletYoumans v. Attleboro Braiding CompanyPeople ex Rel. Baisley v. JoachimMatter of Zinbar Realty Co., Inc.Matter of JohnsonHamel v. D'AndreaDeperino v. Corson Construction CorporationMatter of Guiragos v. Trans-Lux DaylightMatter of Halloran v. GalloCavanagh v. O.M.L. Realty Corporation, Inc.Kleinhammer v. HoffmanBlanche of Hapsburg-Lorraine v. PhalleAndrews v. GuardinoLong v. City of DunkirkVisionola Manufacturing Corporation v. MadalerMacArthur Wiggin, Inc. v. WeinbergWarnock v. Globe Rutgers Fire Insurance Co.Raisler Heating Company v. Eldorado Towers Corp.Cerullo v. CerulloArnold v. GoldmanMatter of SchwindWeller v. City of Niagara FallsScheldon v. Madeo Holding CorporationColombo v. New York Central Railroad CompanyKatz v. Brooklyn Edison Company, Inc.Johnson v. LeimanGough v. GoughNew York Title and Mortgage v. Grossman PropertiesScheinberg v. Scheinberg Estates, Inc.Matter of Mezzo v. Camillus Cutlery CompanyBEHR v. DAMRAUSergeant v. SmithMeitzler v. HillMatter of MalcolmMatter of FrostBender v. GalinskiMATTER OF GRADE CROSSING ELIMINATION ACTMaggio v. Camden Fire Insurance AssociationPeople v. WheelockJoy-Simpson, Inc. v. Tymin Homes Co., Inc.Kawacz v. Delaware, Lackawanna Western R.R. Co.Matter of 117-119 West Forty-Sixth Street Corp.Maira v. Menihan CompanyHerring-Curtiss Company v. CurtissMaddren v. SharonPeople v. NelsonReid v. MerrimanPietro v. WhitlockMatter of Kerr v. Raquette River Paper CompanyMcHugh v. MulrooneyCutrona v. Queens Bus Lines, Inc.SALON DE TROUSSEAUX, INC. v. BROOKLYN TRUST COMaggi v. SabatiniHarding v. SchoenMcCloskey v. North End Auto Supply Co., Inc.Brooklyn National Bank of New York v. WerblowPeople v. CampisiGifford v. International Railway CompanyPeople v. SerpePeople v. WilliamsMatter of Continental Realty Corp. v. AhlschlagerPeople v. MarcusComeforo v. National Pipe Products CorporationDeer Island Corporation v. HellmanGolembeiski v. American Hawaiian Steamship CompanyBarker v. Gibralter Credit CorporationYeoman v. KennyRowe v. Hollis Holding CorporationMiller v. Board of Educ. of the City of New YorkMatter of Schneider v. Fairchild Aeroplane MFGFoster Wheeler Corporation v. Am. Locomotive Co.Weiss v. Phoenix Commercial Co., Inc.Village of Monroe v. ShearinWarshawsky v. WardMatter of Garing v. G.B. Express CompanyMatter of HalloranMatter of Cesternino v. Textile By-Products Corp.Schneider v. Queens Bus Lines, Inc.Taylor v. OwenWestover v. DamonMatter of SingerMatter of SchildkrautMatter of SarnowitzUnderwood v. Fidelity-Phenix Fire Ins. Co. of N.YMATTER OF ZERO v. BOCK CONSTRUCTION CORPORATIONPEOPLE v. BINGSteck v. BrandtMatter of StarrsLeary v. LearyMatter of Proper v. PolleyMacLAUCHLAN v. HENRY M. BEHRE, SURETY ENG'G COYorkshire Insurance v. Raw Fur & Skin Trading Co. of New York, Inc.MATTER OF MITCHELL v. INDEP. BUKARESTER SICK AIDClarkson Building v. Schafer-Nebenzahl InvestingMatter of Dizilo v. Board of Public WorksMatter of GadouaHeinrich v. Queens Bus Lines, Inc.Four Properties Realty Corporation v. ElkindMatter of Fidelity Deposit Co. v. WoltzNew York Foundation v. PeopleCommonwealth of Pennsylvania v. BealsZmyrko v. StraubPeople v. DellocroceLowendahl v. L. Van Bokkelen, Inc.Matter of FrostDean v. Fidelity Deposit Co. of MarylandPeople v. MartinMurphy v. Future Taxi CorporationSeeman v. RubinKonemann v. Railway Mail AssociationEaston v. NoxonPayne v. City of New YorkStoll v. HessenMATTER OF INGRASSIA v. DE LUCA CONSTRUCTION COMarkin v. MottMatter of Baronowski v. Quayle Son CorporationConiglio v. BinghamGoldberger v. Pub. Natl. Bk. Tr. Co. of New YorkPeople ex Rel. James v. LawesZELL v. DEITELSENA v. MATTEOBussing v. Lowell Film Productions, Inc.Elvin Trucking Corporation v. FiminellaPeople v. O'DonnellCaruso v. CarusoTrbovich v. BurkeMatter of NortonBush Service Corporation v. Maid-Rite CorporationMatter of Laube v. Van SiclenWolchkewich v. Terminal Cab CorporationJulian Roberts v. Conn. Fire Ins. Co. of HartfordMatter of McCallum v. Sterling Engine CompanyCallahan v. IsraelsPeople v. SquiciarinoH. B. Golf Company, Inc. v. J.J.A. Holding Corp.Hoffman v. HoffmanJames v. Delaware, Lackawanna Western R.R. Co.Tauer v. BrownMorelite Service Stations, Inc. v. GoldmanAlbion Trading v. Hamilton Fire Ins. Co.Boles v. Munson Steamship Line, Inc.Cassent v. UtyroMatter of Glicksman v. New York Rapid TransitWatamond Realty Corporation v. SchwartzMatter of Brown v. GordonManhattan Taxi Service Corp. v. Mogul Fin. Corp.Weltzien v. Fidelity and Deposit Co. of MarylandPeople v. OrdoverWittner v. WittnerMatter of TownsendSokolow v. Gabriel Real Estate CorporationWanuck v. WeissMATTER OF GRADE CROSSING ELIMINATION ACTAbramson v. HelprinHessian Hills Country Club, Inc. v. Home Ins. Co.Matter of Japan Cotton Trading Co., v. FarberMatter of A.P.M. Holding Corporation v. WalshBond v. New York Title and Mortgage CompanyKeiffer v. ProctorPeople v. LoaneScheldon v. Madeo Holding CorporationKoerner v. Patent Scaffolding CompanyKnickerbocker Oil v. Richfield Oil Corp. of N.YMUNK v. AMERICAN BROWN BOVERI ELECTRIC CORPORATIONPeople v. SniecienskiPeople v. SanterelloPeople v. LoaneMatter of Esbinsky v. Betty Court GaragePEOPLE v. RUHLWOLZ v. AVENUE A REALTY CORPORATIONROOSEVELT FLYING CORPORATION v. AIR MAP CORPChasnoff v. WeissPeople v. DeutschHughes v. WalzerMonogram Dev. Co., Inc. v. Natben Construction Co.Matter of Queens Borough Gas and Electric CompanyAdams v. Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rd. Co.Gilliland v. Lincoln-Alliance Bank and Trust Co.DAGO v. SOBELCity of Syracuse v. Dale Engineering Co.Ullman v. StolzenbergDrake v. ReinerRivellese v. Iaricci, Citizens Tr. Co of PatchogueCohen v. FriedlandPeople v. AbramoskiWightman v. GantertTrident Inn Hotel Corporation v. GrossmanGem Realty Dev. Co., Inc. v. Fostgow RealtyShepard v. City of New YorkPeople v. PennRosenthal v. City of Niagara FallsP.H. F.M. Roots Co. v. Simmons Mach. Tool Corp.Julian Roberts v. Conn. Fire Ins. Co. of HartfordPatterson v. Erie Railroad CompanyTalarico v. National Surety CompanyBogert v. HerzogKurland v. ChernobilMatter of American Phenix CorporationMatter of VogelsteinMatter of Carl v. WalshMatter of Morewood Realty Holding Co. v. SchmidtMatter of Overseas Sec. Co., Inc., v. GilchristScoville v. Village of CamdenDagher v. BraunDeRosa v. SalomonKirsch v. LansburghVillaume v. NelsonBarrett v. Paramount Hotel CorporationBasile v. LehrenkraussRandall v. ArborioVail v. VailPeople v. Village of Pelham ManorCorcoran v. Tompkins Bus CorporationVernes v. VernesMatter of Bodine v. E.L. Phillips Co.Roth v. DiamondMatter of Maydag v. G. Colon CompanyReisman v. LevyWorkers Unity House, Inc., v. Internat. Union BankEckel v. PappacenoMatter of Marra v. Aviation CorporationGilliland v. Lincoln-Alliance Bank and Trust Co.Kammer v. LutzMcRoberts v. National Dry Dock Repair Co., Inc.Matter of Giglio v. Societa Unite Potenza LucaniaWolf v. Dietz Delivery Service, Inc.Matter of StorySalzman v. Village of Silver CreekPeople v. RothenbergBrooklyn Trust Company v. WebelPeople v. PowellMatter of Sorce v. Hydrofats, Inc.Kraus v. Fifth Avenue Coach Co.Fonda, Johnstown G.R.R. Co. v. N.Y. Trust Co.Donela v. DonelaSilverman v. LevinsohnGraef v. GraefPrice v. BissellMatter of Balsamo v. Commercial Casualty Ins. Co.People v. O'BrienMatter of SiemerSteinway Building Co., Inc. v. PaxinosMatter of FriedlandMatter of MaxwellMatter of LaneTanner v. SchoenbeckMatter of FrooksHyde v. BenedictBanigan v. RevilleFlint v. BubieMatter of HalpernMatter of Tallman v. Colonial Air Transport, Inc.People v. MorrisDinehart v. DinehartMatter of MacClelland v. Dodge BrothersMatter of BluestonePeople v. ShepardMatter of Molloy v. United States Trucking Corp.Lafayette Natl. Bank of Brooklyn in N.Y. v. PeopleGirardon v. AngeloneMatter of Fineman v. Camp Ga-He-GaPeople v. PawaskiMatter of Johnson v. Roosevelt Mem. Ass'n, Inc.Luerssen v. Hotel Park Central, Inc.Murmann v. New York, New Haven H.R.R. Co.Wingfoot Concessionaire, Inc. v. Sunnyside Outdoor Recreation Center, Inc.Stavrides v. DunnWard v. Trauts Realty CorporationMatter of BlackmanMatter of BoothVanderveen v. Post Bellmore Lumber CorporationMatter of KarschGreater N.Y. Employing Plasterers v. GallagherPeople v. FarrellMachlin v. AronMILLER v. COXMatter of BeersHeimowitz v. Bielecky Bros., Inc.Lowenstein v. LowensteinGoldberg v. Fidelity and Deposit Co. of MarylandWorkers Unity House, Inc. v. International Un. BKScheiner v. Equitable Life Assu. Socy. of the U.S.People v. City of New YorkPeople v. DominLamborn v. Czarnikow-Rionda CompanyWorth v. R.J. Macher Realty CorporationHammond Oil Co. v. Standard Oil Co.NEY v. NEYMatter of Palmer v. LederWood v. LyonsPISECK v. WILTBrown v. Herbel Realty CorporationLouis v. GriffithWill v. GallucciCarucci v. PalombellaMcHugh v. MulrooneyRichardson v. Central Railroad Co.Lowendahl v. Bokkelen, Inc.Murray v. Tiffany Productions, Inc.Sigmund v. SigmundGeneral Holdings Corp. v. Newhoma PetroleumKrishinsky v. RubinTrachtenberg v. BirckheadPeople v. GellesRIFKIN v. ED ZIT HOLDING CORPORATIONPfeifer v. 1770 West Sixth Street CorporationLoumares v. Adolf Gobel, Inc.Case v. LojbaSlonim v. Hector Holding CorporationShrader v. Ingram Manufacturing CompanyMatter of Brown v. LivensCostello v. ZellerNew York Plumbers Specialties v. 52 West BroadwayLevey v. SchaffermanSchneider v. ScottStandard Accident Insurance Co. v. MarksSilvering v. GimpelHough v. PiatovPeople v. LevinsonMatter of MacLeanRIX v. MARTIN MOTOR TRUCK CORPORATIONMatter of Weeden v. Lehigh Hudson River Ry. Co.May v. MayTrotta v. TrottaPutnam v. Adirondack Trust Co.Matter of Kyser v. Field-Stutz CompanyBreen v. BreenAndersen v. KalischPeople v. City of New YorkDunn v. Unexcelled Manufacturing Company, Inc.Gleason v. O'NeillPeople v. KellyPeople v. CostelloUnion Trust Company of Rochester v. CalhounMATTER OF YOUNG v. AMERICAN BANK NOTE COMPANYTAMBERELLI v. OSTMadison County Trust Safe Deposit Co. v. SmithCochrane v. JoyceKoplowitz v. SuttonMatter of RobsonPeople v. DeNaveTRIBUNE COMPANY v. HOAGKillie v. Hibernia Trust CompanyDerrer v. City of New YorkScandling v. WellerZaslow v. RabinowitzMatter of SeidenbergMatter of UlmanLobell v. WolfZmyrko v. StraubMatter of ElkinMatter of ZuckasBailey v. SnyderGersten v. WeinbergRoss v. Ross, No. 1Genesee Lumber Coal Co., Inc., v. BonarrigoPrince v. PaternoVillaume v. NelsonAtlantic Midland Corporation v. RockwellAndrews v. FlanaganSterling National Bank Trust Co. v. WhiteMatter of Kretchmer v. Monroe Union Oil Co., Inc.Shalom v. Fidelity and Deposit Company of MarylandPeople v. CannonMorina v. BeritellaMarshall v. BrownEvans v. Garrison Fire Detecting System, Inc.MATTER OF OVERSEER OF POOR v. LITZENBERGERMatter of Montgomery v. Bartholomay Milk CompanyPeople v. KanePeople v. YakelYonkers National Bank and Trust Company v. PendusHeffron v. Aetna Life Insurance Co.Matter of McHiePeople v. MarksHorwitz v. PlotkinPeople v. FullerWest Vir. P. P. Co. v. Peoples Home JournalKatz v. Travelers Indemnity Co. of HartfordBerger v. BergerGrassi v. BoughMatter of KaiflerLange v. MarksN.A.N.A., Inc. v. Lake Danenhower, Inc.Neumann v. GlaubingerFINN v. CENTRAL MANHATTAN PROPERTIES, INCMatter of FreibergHyman v. AvedonColonial Radio Corporation v. Iraggi