Opinion
2016-01488.
05-04-2016
In the Matter of Uriel WHYTE, petitioner, v. NASSAU COUNTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, et al., respondents.
Grizopoulos & Portz, P.C., Mineola, N.Y. (Gregory Grizopoulos of counsel), for petitioner. Madeline Singas, District Attorney, Mineola, N.Y. (Michelle Burke of counsel), for respondents.
Grizopoulos & Portz, P.C., Mineola, N.Y. (Gregory Grizopoulos of counsel), for petitioner.
Madeline Singas, District Attorney, Mineola, N.Y. (Michelle Burke of counsel), for respondents.
RANDALL T. ENG, P.J., L. PRISCILLA HALL, SANDRA L. SGROI, and COLLEEN D. DUFFY, JJ.
Opinion Proceeding pursuant to CPLR article 78 in the nature of prohibition to prohibit the respondents from retrying the petitioner in a criminal action entitled People v. Whyte, pending in the Supreme Court, Nassau County, under Indictment No. 1339N–13, on the ground that retrial would subject him to double jeopardy.
ADJUDGED that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed on the merits, without costs or disbursements.
The petitioner was charged with attempted murder in the second degree, attempted assault in the first degree, assault in the second and third degrees, and criminal possession of a weapon in the third and fourth degrees. At the beginning of the trial, the Supreme Court advised the jurors of its estimate that the trial would take approximately two weeks. On what would have been the second day of evidence, the jury was excused due to inclement weather. On that date, the prosecutor requested a Sirois hearing (see People v. Sirois, 92 A.D.2d 618, 459 N.Y.S.2d 813 ; Matter of Holtzman v. Hellenbrand, 92 A.D.2d 405, 415, 460 N.Y.S.2d 591 ). The court then conducted a Sirois hearing, which concluded six days later. During that period, the court expressed concern that, due to the delay, jurors would become unavailable and a mistrial would become necessary. The petitioner did not protest.
During the period of delay, Juror No. 10 was excused because she had scheduled work commitments based upon the Supreme Court's original estimate of when the trial would conclude. In addition, Juror No. 9 became unavailable due to a violent assault on her son, for whom she needed to provide care. Juror No. 9 also expressed concern about her ability to remain impartial in light of the attack on her son. Finally, Juror No. 7 had previously informed the court that, due to plans related to her daughter's upcoming wedding, she would become unavailable within two days after the presentation of evidence was schedule to resume.
Without objection from the petitioner, the Supreme Court informed counsel of its intention to declare a mistrial and, upon reassembling the jury, did so. The petitioner thereafter moved pursuant to CPL 40. 20 to bar a retrial. In an order entered October 22, 2015, the court denied the motion. The petitioner then commenced this proceeding pursuant to CPLR article 78, seeking to prohibit the respondents from retrying him.
“Prohibition is an extraordinary remedy” which may be issued “only when a court ... acts or threatens to act without jurisdiction in a matter of ... which it has no power over the subject matter or where it exceeds its authorized powers in a proceeding over which it has jurisdiction” (see Matter of Brown v. Blumenfeld, 89 A.D.3d 94, 101, 930 N.Y.S.2d 610 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Matter of Soares v. Herrick, 20 N.Y.3d 139, 145, 957 N.Y.S.2d 664, 981 N.E.2d 260 ; Matter of Haggerty v. Himelein, 89 N.Y.2d 431, 435, 654 N.Y.S.2d 705, 677 N.E.2d 276 ; Matter of Holtzman v. Goldman, 71 N.Y.2d 564, 569, 528 N.Y.S.2d 21, 523 N.E.2d 297 ; Matter of Brown v. Blumenfeld, 103 A.D.3d 45, 54, 957 N.Y.S.2d 171 ). “The primary function of prohibition is to prevent ‘an arrogation of power in violation of a person's rights, particularly constitutional rights' ” (Matter of Vinluan v. Doyle, 60 A.D.3d 237, 244, 873 N.Y.S.2d 72, quoting Matter of Nicholson v. State Commn. on Jud. Conduct, 50 N.Y.2d 597, 606, 431 N.Y.S.2d 340, 409 N.E.2d 818 ), and is, therefore, the “traditional remedy” where a defendant seeks protection against double jeopardy (Matter of Kraemer v. County Ct. of Suffolk County, 6 N.Y.2d 363, 365, 189 N.Y.S.2d 878, 160 N.E.2d 633 ; see Matter of Enright v. Siedlecki, 59 N.Y.2d 195, 198, 205 n. 1, 464 N.Y.S.2d 418, 451 N.E.2d 176 ; Matter of Di Lorenzo v. Murtagh, 36 N.Y.2d 306, 309–310, 367 N.Y.S.2d 761, 327 N.E.2d 805 ; see also Matter of Brown v. Blumenfeld, 89 A.D.3d at 102–103, 930 N.Y.S.2d 610 ).
In general, “double jeopardy will bar a retrial when a mistrial is granted over the defendant's objection, unless the mistrial is granted ‘as the product of manifest necessity’ ” (People v. Ramchair, 308 A.D.2d 601, 602, 764 N.Y.S.2d 725, quoting Matter of Davis v. Brown, 87 N.Y.2d 626, 630, 641 N.Y.S.2d 819, 664 N.E.2d 884 ; see People v. Ferguson, 67 N.Y.2d 383, 388, 502 N.Y.S.2d 972, 494 N.E.2d 77 ; Matter of Roey v. Lopresto, 122 A.D.3d 929, 931, 998 N.Y.S.2d 91 ). “Manifest necessity for a mistrial has been found where the court concludes, after conducting a ‘probing and tactful inquiry,’ that a juror is grossly unqualified to continue serving” and there are no alternates available (Matter of Robles v. Bamberger, 219 A.D.2d 243, 246, 640 N.Y.S.2d 882, quoting People v. Buford, 69 N.Y.2d 290, 299, 514 N.Y.S.2d 191, 506 N.E.2d 901 ; see Matter of Enright v. Siedlecki, 59 N.Y.2d at 199–200, 464 N.Y.S.2d 418, 451 N.E.2d 176 ; People v. Paige, 134 A.D.3d 1048, 1053–1054, 22 N.Y.S.3d 220 ; CPL 270.35 ). Before declaring a mistrial, the court has “the duty to consider alternatives to a mistrial and to obtain enough information so that it is clear that a mistrial is actually necessary” (People v. Ferguson, 67 N.Y.2d at 388, 502 N.Y.S.2d 972, 494 N.E.2d 77 ; see Matter of Romero v. Justices of Supreme Ct., Queens County, 237 A.D.2d 292, 293, 654 N.Y.S.2d 803 ; Matter of Robles v. Bamberger, 219 A.D.2d at 246, 640 N.Y.S.2d 882 ). A trial court's determination that a mistrial is necessary is entitled to deference, as that court is in the best position to assess the circumstances (see Matter of Rivera v. Firetog, 11 N.Y.3d 501, 507, 872 N.Y.S.2d 401, 900 N.E.2d 952 ; People v. Ferguson, 67 N.Y.2d at 388, 502 N.Y.S.2d 972, 494 N.E.2d 77 ; Matter of Enright v. Siedlecki, 59 N.Y.2d at 201, 464 N.Y.S.2d 418, 451 N.E.2d 176 ; Matter of Romero v. Justices of Supreme Ct., Queens County, 237 A.D.2d at 293, 654 N.Y.S.2d 803 ; Matter of Robles v. Bamberger, 219 A.D.2d at 246, 640 N.Y.S.2d 882 ). Likewise, “the trial judge's evaluation of the likelihood that the impartiality of one or more jurors may have been affected” will be accorded “the highest degree of respect” (Arizona v. Washington, 434 U.S. 497, 511, 98 S.Ct. 824, 54 L.Ed.2d 717 ; see Matter of Enright v. Siedlecki, 59 N.Y.2d at 200–201, 464 N.Y.S.2d 418, 451 N.E.2d 176 ; People v. Michael, 48 N.Y.2d 1, 9–10, 420 N.Y.S.2d 371, 394 N.E.2d 1134 ; Matter of Romero v. Justices of Supreme Ct., Queens County, 237 A.D.2d at 293, 654 N.Y.S.2d 803 ).
Here, when the jury reconvened after the Sirois hearing, one juror (No. 10) had been excused, leaving 12 jurors, and the excusal of two more jurors (Nos. 7 and 9) was imminent, leaving only 10 jurors. Furthermore, although the mistrial was declared on the eighth business day after the presentation of evidence had commenced, only one partial day of evidence presentation had occurred, despite the Supreme Court's initial estimate that the trial would take approximately two weeks (i.e., 10 business days). Under these circumstances, the court correctly determined that there was manifest necessity for a mistrial (see Matter of Roey v. Lopresto, 122 A.D.3d at 931, 998 N.Y.S.2d 91 ; People v. Hambrick, 96 A.D.3d 972, 973–974, 947 N.Y.S.2d 139 ). In any event, by failing to object to the court's expressed intention to declare a mistrial, the petitioner implicitly consented to a mistrial in this case (see People v. Ferguson, 67 N.Y.2d at 388–389, 502 N.Y.S.2d 972, 494 N.E.2d 77 ; People v. Hawkins, 228 A.D.2d 450, 451, 643 N.Y.S.2d 634 ; People v. Lilly, 187 A.D.2d 674, 675, 590 N.Y.S.2d 253 ; see generally Matter of Anderson v. Buchter, 19 A.D.3d 484, 485, 797 N.Y.S.2d 109 ).
In light of the foregoing, we need not reach the respondents' remaining contention.