Opinion
444 KA 22-00632
06-30-2023
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Shamere MCMILLAN, Defendant-Appellant.
FRANK H. HISCOCK LEGAL AID SOCIETY, SYRACUSE (THOMAS M. LEITH OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (GARY T. KELDER OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
FRANK H. HISCOCK LEGAL AID SOCIETY, SYRACUSE (THOMAS M. LEITH OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (GARY T. KELDER OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, CURRAN, MONTOUR, AND OGDEN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon his plea of guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree ( Penal Law § 265.03 [3] ) and criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree (§ 220.16 [1]). During a routine inspection of defendant's residence, a parole officer observed a knife on defendant's person and a holster in his bedroom. The parole officer then conducted a search of the residence during which he observed drug paraphernalia and what appeared to be the handle of a handgun. He informed the police, and police officers searched the residence pursuant to a search warrant. We affirm.
As an initial matter, defendant correctly contends and the People correctly concede that defendant did not validly waive his right to appeal. County Court "conflated the appeal waiver with the rights automatically waived by the guilty plea ... and thus the record fails to establish that defendant understood that the right to appeal is separate and distinct from those rights automatically forfeited upon a plea of guilty" ( People v. Murray , 197 A.D.3d 1017, 1017, 152 N.Y.S.3d 761 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 1147, 159 N.Y.S.3d 342, 180 N.E.3d 506 [2021] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Jones , 211 A.D.3d 1489, 1490, 180 N.Y.S.3d 412 [4th Dept. 2022] ; People v. Rodriguez , 199 A.D.3d 1458, 1458, 154 N.Y.S.3d 609 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 1164, 160 N.Y.S.3d 712, 181 N.E.3d 1140 [2022] ). The court also "mischaracterized the nature of the right that defendant was being asked to cede, portraying the waiver as an absolute bar to defendant taking an appeal, and there was no clarification that appellate review remained available for certain issues" ( Murray , 197 A.D.3d at 1017, 152 N.Y.S.3d 761 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Thomas , 34 N.Y.3d 545, 564-566, 122 N.Y.S.3d 226, 144 N.E.3d 970 [2019], cert denied ––– U.S. ––––, 140 S.Ct. 2634, 206 L.Ed.2d 512 [2020] ; Jones , 211 A.D.3d at 1490, 180 N.Y.S.3d 412 ). The written waiver signed by defendant at sentencing did not "cure the ambiguit[ies] in the ... court's colloquy ...; rather, the written waiver[ ] ... repeated many of the errors in County Court's colloqu[y] and, in any event, the court failed to confirm that [defendant] ... understood the contents of the written waiver[ ]" ( Thomas , 34 N.Y.3d at 566, 122 N.Y.S.3d 226, 144 N.E.3d 970 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Bisono , 36 N.Y.3d 1013, 1017-1018, 140 N.Y.S.3d 433, 164 N.E.3d 239 [2020] ; People v. Anderson , 210 A.D.3d 1464, 1464-1465, 178 N.Y.S.3d 677 [4th Dept. 2022] ).
Defendant contends that the court erred in refusing to suppress evidence obtained as a result of the search of his residence by his parole officer. We reject that contention. "[A] parolee's constitutional right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures is not violated when his [residence] is searched, without a search warrant, by his parole officer if the latter's conduct is rationally and reasonably related to the performance of his duty as a parole officer" ( People v. Huntley , 43 N.Y.2d 175, 179, 401 N.Y.S.2d 31, 371 N.E.2d 794 [1977] ; see People v. Sapp , 147 A.D.3d 1532, 1533, 47 N.Y.S.3d 565 [4th Dept. 2017], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 1086, 64 N.Y.S.3d 176, 86 N.E.3d 263 [2017] ; People v. Escalera , 121 A.D.3d 1519, 1520, 993 N.Y.S.2d 605 [4th Dept. 2014], lv denied 24 N.Y.3d 1083, 1 N.Y.S.3d 10, 25 N.E.3d 347 [2014] ). We conclude that the parole officer's testimony established that the home that was searched was defendant's residence and, to the extent that defendant challenges the parole officer's testimony, we "afford deference to the court's determination that the testimony [of the parole officer] was credible" ( People v. Sapp , 147 A.D.3d 1532, 1533, 47 N.Y.S.3d 565 [4th Dept. 2017], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 1086, 64 N.Y.S.3d 176, 86 N.E.3d 263 [2017] [internal quotation marks omitted]). We further conclude that the record supports the court's determination that the search of the residence in question was "rationally and reasonably related to the performance of the parole officer's duty and was therefore lawful" ( People v. Johnson , 94 A.D.3d 1529, 1532, 942 N.Y.S.2d 738 [4th Dept. 2012], lv denied 19 N.Y.3d 974, 950 N.Y.S.2d 357, 973 N.E.2d 767 [2012] [internal quotation marks omitted]). Furthermore, the parole officer testified that, upon entering the residence, he observed a knife clipped to defendant's clothes, in violation of defendant's conditions of parole, and that, upon entering defendant's bedroom, he observed an empty holster. At that point, the parole officer's search of the bedroom and another room was rationally and reasonably related to the parole officer's duty to detect and to prevent additional parole violations (see People v. Derby , 172 A.D.3d 1908, 1909, 97 N.Y.S.3d 910 [4th Dept. 2019], lv denied 33 N.Y.3d 1068, 105 N.Y.S.3d 33, 129 N.E.3d 353 [2019] ; People v. Reed , 150 A.D.3d 1655, 1655-1656, 53 N.Y.S.3d 447 [4th Dept. 2017], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 1132, 64 N.Y.S.3d 683, 86 N.E.3d 575 [2017] ; see generally People v. Goss , 143 A.D.3d 1279, 1280, 38 N.Y.S.3d 681 [4th Dept. 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1145, 52 N.Y.S.3d 296, 74 N.E.3d 681 [2017] ; Escalera , 121 A.D.3d at 1520, 993 N.Y.S.2d 605 ).
Defendant failed to preserve for our review his further contention that he was not properly adjudicated a second violent felony offender because neither the People nor the court complied with CPL 400.15 (see People v. Hall , 82 A.D.3d 1619, 1620, 919 N.Y.S.2d 638 [4th Dept. 2011], lv denied 16 N.Y.3d 895, 926 N.Y.S.2d 31, 949 N.E.2d 979 [2011] ; People v. Myers , 52 A.D.3d 1229, 1230, 859 N.Y.S.2d 824 [4th Dept. 2008] ). In any event, that contention is without merit. The record establishes that there was "substantial compliance with CPL 400.15 ... inasmuch as both defendant and defense counsel received adequate notice and an opportunity to be heard with respect to the prior conviction" ( Hall , 82 A.D.3d at 1620, 919 N.Y.S.2d 638 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Bouyea , 64 N.Y.2d 1140, 1142, 490 N.Y.S.2d 724, 480 N.E.2d 338 [1985] ).
Finally, defendant's sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.