N.M. Stat. § 7-2A-2

Current through 2024, ch. 69

Section 7-2A-2 - [Effective 1/1/2025] Definitions

For the purpose of the Corporate Income and Franchise Tax Act and unless the context requires otherwise:

A. "bank" means any national bank, national banking association, state bank or bank holding company;

B. "apportioned net income" or "apportioned net loss" means net income allocated and apportioned to New Mexico pursuant to the provisions of the Corporate Income and Franchise Tax Act or the Uniform Division of Income for Tax Purposes Act, but excluding from the sales factor any sales that represent intercompany transactions between members of the filing group;

C. "base income" means the federal taxable income or the federal net operating loss of a corporation for the taxable year calculated pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code, after special deductions provided in Sections 241 through 249 of the Internal Revenue Code but without any deduction for net operating losses, as if the corporation filed a federal tax return as a separate domestic entity, modified as follows:

(1) adding to that income:

(a) interest received on a state or local bond exempt under the Internal Revenue Code;

(b) the amount of any deduction claimed in calculating taxable income for all expenses and costs directly or indirectly paid, accrued or incurred to a captive real estate investment trust;

(c) the amount of any deduction, other than for premiums, for amounts paid directly or indirectly to a commonly controlled entity that is exempt from corporate income tax pursuant to Section 7-2A-4 NMSA 1978; and

(d) for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, an amount equal to the amount of credit claimed and allowed for that year pursuant to Section 7-3A-10 NMSA 1978 with respect to the distributed net income of a pass-through entity;

(2) subtracting from that income:

(a) income from obligations of the United States net of expenses incurred to earn that income;

(b) other amounts that the state is prohibited from taxing because of the laws or constitution of this state or the United States net of any related expenses; and

(c) an amount equal to one hundred percent of the income of the corporation under Section 951A of the Internal Revenue Code, less the amount deducted pursuant to Section 250 of the Internal Revenue Code;

(3) making other adjustments deemed necessary to properly reflect income of the unitary group, including attribution of income or expense related to unitary assets held by related corporations that are not part of the filing group; and

(4) for a taxpayer that conducts a lawful business pursuant to the laws of this state, excludes an amount equal to any expenditure that is eligible to be claimed as a federal income tax deduction but is disallowed pursuant to Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, as that section may be amended or renumbered;

D. "captive real estate investment trust" means a corporation, trust or association taxed as a real estate investment trust pursuant to Section 857 of the Internal Revenue Code, the shares or beneficial interests of which are not regularly traded on an established securities market; provided that more than fifty percent of any class of beneficial interests or shares of the real estate investment trust are owned directly, indirectly or constructively by the taxpayer during all or a part of the taxpayer's taxable year;

E. "common ownership" means the direct or indirect control or ownership of more than fifty percent of the outstanding voting stock, ownership of which is determined pursuant to Section 1563 of the Internal Revenue Code, as that section may be amended or renumbered, of:

(1) a parent-subsidiary controlled group as defined in Section 1563 of the Internal Revenue Code, except that fifty percent shall be substituted for eighty percent;

(2) a brother-sister controlled group as defined in Section 1563 of the Internal Revenue Code; or

(3) three or more corporations each of which is a member of a group of corporations described in Paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, and one of which is:

(a) a common parent corporation included in a group of corporations described in Paragraph (1) of this subsection; and

(b) included in a group of corporations described in Paragraph (2) of this subsection;

F. "consolidated group" means the group of entities properly filing a federal consolidated return under the Internal Revenue Code for the taxable year;

G. "corporation" means corporations, joint stock companies, real estate trusts organized and operated under the Real Estate Trust Act, financial corporations and banks, other business associations and, for corporate income tax purposes, partnerships and limited liability companies taxed as corporations under the Internal Revenue Code;

H. "department" means the taxation and revenue department, the secretary of taxation and revenue or any employee of the department exercising authority lawfully delegated to that employee by the secretary;

I. "filing group" means a group of corporations properly included in a return pursuant to Section 7-2A-8.3 NMSA 1978 for a particular taxable year;

J. "fiscal year" means any accounting period of twelve months ending on the last day of any month other than December;

K. "grandfathered net operating loss carryover" means:

(1) the amount of net loss properly reported to New Mexico for taxable years beginning January 1, 2013 and prior to January 1, 2020 as part of a timely filed original return, or an amended return for those taxable years filed prior to January 1, 2020, to the extent such loss can be attributed to one or more corporations that are properly included in the taxpayer's return for the first taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2020;

(2) reduced by:

(a) adding back deductions that were taken by the corporation or corporations for royalties or interest paid to one or more related corporations, but only to the extent that such adjustment would not create a net loss for such related corporations; and

(b) the amount of net operating loss deductions taken prior to January 1, 2020 that would be charged against those losses consistent with the Internal Revenue Code and provisions of the Corporate Income and Franchise Tax Act applicable to the year of the deduction; and

(3) apportioned to New Mexico using the apportionment factors that can properly be attributed to the corporation or corporations for the year of the net loss;

L. "Internal Revenue Code" means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

M. "net income" means:

(1) the base income of a corporation properly filing a tax return as a separate entity; or

(2) the combined base income and losses of corporations that are part of a filing group that is computed after eliminating intercompany income and expense in a manner consistent with the consolidated filing requirements of the Internal Revenue Code and the Corporate Income and Franchise Tax Act;

N. "net operating loss carryover" means the apportioned net loss properly reported on an original or amended tax return for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2020 by the taxpayer:

(1) plus:

(a) the portion of an apportioned net loss properly reported to New Mexico for a taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2020, on a separate year return, to the extent the taxpayer would have been entitled to include the portion of such apportioned net loss in the taxpayer's consolidated net operating loss carryforward under the Internal Revenue Code if the taxpayer filed a consolidated federal return; and

(b) the taxpayer's grandfathered net operating loss carryover; and

(2) minus:

(a) the amount of the net operating loss carryover attributed to an entity that has left the filing group, computed in a manner consistent with the consolidated filing requirements of the Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations, as if the taxpayer were filing a consolidated return; and

(b) the amount of net operating loss deductions properly taken by the taxpayer;

O. "net operating loss deduction" means the portion of the net operating loss carryover that may be deducted from the taxpayer's apportioned net income under the Internal Revenue Code as of January 1, 2018 for the taxable year in which the deduction is taken, including the eighty percent limitation of Section 172(a) of the Internal Revenue Code as of January 1, 2018 calculated on the basis of the taxpayer's apportioned net income;

P. "person" means any individual, estate, trust, receiver, cooperative association, club, corporation, company, firm, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, syndicate or other association; "person" also means, to the extent permitted by law, any federal, state or other governmental unit or subdivision or agency, department or instrumentality thereof;

Q. "real estate investment trust" has the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code, as that section may be amended or renumbered;

R. "related corporation" means a corporation that is under common ownership with one or more corporations but that is not included in the same tax return;

S. "return" means any tax or information return, including a water's-edge or worldwide combined return, a consolidated return, a declaration of estimated tax or a claim for refund, including any amendments or supplements to the return, required or permitted pursuant to a law subject to administration and enforcement pursuant to the Tax Administration Act and filed with the department by or on behalf of any person;

T. "secretary" means the secretary of taxation and revenue or the secretary's delegate;

U. "separate year return" means a properly filed original or amended return for a taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2020 by a taxpayer reporting a loss, a portion of which is claimed as part of the net operating loss carryover by another taxpayer in a subsequent return period;

V. "state" means any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico, any territory or possession of the United States or political subdivision thereof or any political subdivision of a foreign country;

W. "state or local bond" means a bond issued by a state other than New Mexico or by a local government other than one of New Mexico's political subdivisions, the interest from which is excluded from income for federal income tax purposes under Section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code, as that section may be amended or renumbered;

X. "taxable income" means a taxpayer's apportioned net income minus the net operating loss deduction for the taxable year;

Y. "taxable year" means the calendar year or fiscal year upon the basis of which the net income is computed under the Corporate Income and Franchise Tax Act and includes, in the case of the return made for a fractional part of a year under the provisions of that act, the period for which the return is made;

Z. "taxpayer" means any corporation or group of corporations filing a return pursuant to Section 7-2A-8.3 NMSA 1978 subject to the taxes imposed by the Corporate Income and Franchise Tax Act;

AA. "unitary group" means a group of two or more corporations, including a captive real estate investment trust, but not including an S corporation, an insurance company subject to the provisions of the New Mexico Insurance Code, an insurance company that would be subject to the New Mexico Insurance Code if the insurance company engaged in business in this state or a real estate investment trust that is not a captive real estate investment trust, that are:

(1) related through common ownership; and

(2) economically interdependent with one another as demonstrated by the following factors:

(a) centralized management;

(b) functional integration; and

(c) economies of scale;

BB. "water's-edge group" means all corporations that are part of a unitary group, except:

(1) corporations that are exempt from corporate income tax pursuant to Section 7-2A-4 NMSA 1978; and

(2) corporations organized or incorporated outside the United States or its possessions or territories that have less than twenty percent of their property, payroll and sales sourced to locations within the United States, following the sourcing rules of the Uniform Division of Income for Tax Purposes Act; and

CC. "worldwide combined group" means all members of a unitary group, except members that are exempt from corporate income tax pursuant to Section 7-2A-4 NMSA 1978, irrespective of the country in which the corporations are incorporated or conduct business activity.

NMS § 7-2A-2

1978 Comp., § 7-2A-2, enacted by Laws 1986, ch. 20, § 33; 1991, ch. 9, § 25; 1993, ch. 307, § 3; 1993, ch. 309, § 1; 1995, ch. 11, § 5; 1999, ch. 47, § 6; 2014, ch. 53, § 2; 2017, ch. 95, § 1.

Amended by 2024, c. 67,s. 37, eff. 1/1/2025, app. to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2025.

Amended by 2023, c. 85,s. 8, eff. 7/1/2023.

Amended by 2021SP1, c. 4,s. 52, eff. 6/18/2021.

Amended by 2020SP1, c. 4,s. 2, eff. 6/29/2020.

Amended by 2019, c. 270,s. 16, eff. 1/1/2020.

Amended by 2017, c. 95,s. 1, eff. 6/16/2017.

Amended by 2014, c. 53,s. 2, eff. 5/18/2016.

This section is set out more than once due to postponed, multiple, or conflicting amendments.