Section 1200-03-18-.34 - PNEUMATIC RUBBER TIRE MANUFACTURING(1) Applicability of this rule is as follows:(a) This rule applies to the following operations in pneumatic rubber tire manufacturing facilities:(b) The provisions of this rule do not apply to the production of specialty tires for antique or other vehicles when produced on an irregular basis or with short production runs. This exemption applies only to tires produced on equipment separate from normal production lines for passenger-type tires.(c) This rule does not apply to operations in a facility: 1. In Hamilton or Shelby County whose potential VOC emissions from all operations listed in Subparagraph (a) of this paragraph within the facility are less than 25 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per year; or2. In any other county except Davidson, Hamilton, Rutherford, Shelby, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson Counties whose potential VOC emissions from all operations listed in Subparagraph (a) of this paragraph within the facility are less than 100 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per year.(2) For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions apply: (a) "Bead cementing operation" means the system that is used to apply cement to the bead rubber before or after it is wound into its final, circular form. A bead cementing operation consists of a cement application station, such as a dip tank, spray booth and nozzles, cement trough and roller or swab applicator, and all other equipment necessary to apply cement to wound beads or bead rubber and to allow evaporation of solvent from cemented beads.(b) "Green tire" means an assembled, uncured tire.(c) "Green tire spraying operation" means the system used to apply a mold-release agent and lubricant to the inside and/or outside of green tires to facilitate the curing process and to prevent rubber from sticking to the curing press. A green tire spraying operation consists of a booth where spraying is performed, the spray application station, and related equipment, such as the lubricant supply system.(d) "Passenger-type tire" means an agricultural, airplane, industrial, mobile home, light- or medium-duty truck, or passenger vehicle tire with a bead diameter up to 50. 8 centimeters (cm) (20.0 inches [in.]) and cross-sectional dimension up to 32.5 cm (12.8 in.).(e) "Pneumatic rubber tire manufacturing" means the production of pneumatic rubber passenger-type tires on a mass-production basis.(f) "Sidewall cementing operation" means the system used to apply cement to a continuous strip of sidewall component or any other continuous strip component (except combined tread/sidewall component) that is incorporated into the sidewall of a finished tire. A sidewall cementing operation consists of a cement application station and all other equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and takeaway conveyors, necessary to allow evaporation of solvent from the cemented rubber.(g) "Tread-end cementing operation" means the system used to apply cement to one or both ends of the tread or combined tread/sidewall component. A tread and cementing operation consists of a cement application station and all other equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and takeaway conveyors, necessary to apply cement to tread ends and to allow evaporation of solvent from the cemented tread ends.(h) "Undertread cementing operation" means the system used to apply cement to a continuous strip of tread or combined tread/sidewall component. An undertread cementing operation consists of a cement application station and all other equipment, such as the cement system and feed and takeaway conveyors, necessary to apply cement to tread or combined tread/sidewall strips and to allow evaporation of solvent from the cemented tread or combined tread/sidewall.(i) "Water-based green tire spray" means any mold release agent and lubricant applied to the inside or outside of green tires that contains 12 percent or less, by weight, of VOC as sprayed.(3) Standards as follow apply: (a) The owner or operator of an undertread cementing operation subject to this rule shall: 1. Install and operate a capture and control system for emissions from the undertread cementing operation that achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75 percent calculated according to the procedures in this chapter, or2. Meet the equipment design and performance specifications in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.543(j)(1), (2), and (4) through (6), or under paragraphs (j)(1) and (3) through (6), and conduct a control device efficiency performance test to determine compliance as described under paragraph (j)(7), or3. Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the levels specified in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a)(1)(ii)(A) through (E).(b) The owner or operator of a sidewall cementing operation subject to this rule shall: 1. Install and operate a capture and control system for emissions from the sidewall cementing operation that achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75 percent calculated according to the procedures in this chapter, or2. Meet the equipment design and performance specifications in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.543(j)(1), (2), and (4) through (6) or under paragraphs (j)(1) and (3) through (6), and conduct a control device efficiency performance test to determine compliance as described under paragraph (j)(7), or3. Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the levels specified in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a)(2)(ii)(A) through (E).(c) Alternate standards for undertread cementing and sidewall cementing as follow apply: 1. The owner or operator of each undertread cementing and sidewall cementing operation at a rubber tire manufacturing facility that meets the criteria in Subparts 2(i) through (iii) of this subparagraph shall have the option of complying with the alternate standard in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542a in lieu of the standards in Subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph. The election of complying with this option shall be irreversible.2. The owner or operator may elect to comply with the alternate standard in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a) provided that the undertread cementing and sidewall cementing operation meets all of the following criteria:(i) Commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after January 20, 1983, and before September 15, 1987;(ii) Uses 25 g or less of VOC per tire per month; and(iii) Does not use a control device to control VOC emissions from these operations.(d) The owner or operator of a green tire spraying operation subject to this rule: 1. Using only water-based sprays shall meet the g/tire limits in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a)(5)(i) and (ii).2. Using only organic solvent-based sprays shall:(i) Install and operate a capture and control system for emissions from the green tire spraying operation that achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75 percent calculated according to the procedures in this chapter;(ii) Meet the equipment design and performance specifications in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.543(j)(1), (2), and (4) through (6), or under paragraphs (j)(1) and (3) through (6), and conduct a control device efficiency performance test to determine compliance as described under paragraph (j)(7); or(iii) Meet the g/tire limits in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a)(6)(ii)(A) through (E).3. Using both water-based and organic solvent-based sprays shall meet the emission limits in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a)(7).(e) The owner or operator of a tread-end cementing operation subject to this rule shall: 1. Install and operate a capture and control system for emissions from these operations that achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75 percent calculated according to the procedures in this chapter; or2. Meet the g/tire limit in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a)(3).(f) The owner or operator of a bead cementing operation subject to this rule shall: 1. Install and operate a capture and control system for emissions from these operations that achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75 percent calculated according to the procedures in this chapter; or2. Meet the g/bead limit in the July 1, 1991, 40 C.F.R. 60.542(a)(4).(4) The compliance procedures as follow shall be used to determine compliance with the standards in Paragraph (3) of this rule: (a) An owner or operator of a tread-end cementing operation who does not use a VOC control device and who is seeking to comply with the g/tire standards in Part (3)(e)2 shall:1. Determine the density and weight fraction VOC (including dilution VOC) of each cement by analysis of the cement using Reference Method 24.2. Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the tread-end cementing operation for the day (Md) as follows: (i) For each tread-end cementing operation subject to this rule for which cement is delivered in batch or via a distribution system that serves only that tread-end cementing operation, use the following equation to calculate the total mass of VOC used per day (M): Click to view Image
where:
a = The number of different cements used during the day that are delivered in batch or via a distribution system that serves only a single operation subject to this rule.
Lc = Volume of cement used for a day (liters).
Dc = Density of cement (grams per liter).
Wo = Weight fraction of VOC in a cement.
(ii) For each tread-end cementing operation subject to this rule for which cement is delivered via a common distribution system that also serves other operations that may or may not be subject to this rule: (I) Calculate the total mass of VOC used for all operations served by the common distribution system for the day (M): Click to view Image
where:
b = The number of different cements used during the day that are delivered via a common distribution system that also serves other operations.
(II) Determine the fraction (Fo) of M used at the operation subject to this rule by comparing the production records and process specifications for the material cemented at the subject operation for the day to the production records and process specifications for all the material cemented at all other operations served by the common distribution system for the day.(III) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the operation subject to this rule for the day (Md): Md = MFo where:
M = Total mass of VOC used for a day by all operations served by a common cement distribution system (grams).
Fo = Fraction of total mass of VOC used in a day by all operations served by a common cement distribution system that is used by a particular operation subject to this rule served by the common distribution system.
3. Determine the total number of tread or combined tread/sidewall components that receive an application of cement for the day at the tread-end cementing operation subject to this rule (To).4. Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented at the tread-end cementing operation subject to this rule for the day (G): G = Md / To
5. Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire cemented at the tread-end cementing operation subject to this rule for the day (N): N = G
(b) An owner or operator of a bead cementing operation who does not use a VOC control device and who is seeking to comply with the g/bead standard in Part (3)(f)2 shall: 1. Determine the density and weight fraction VOC of each cement as specified under Part (a)1 of this paragraph.2. Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the bead cementing operation subject to this rule for the day (M) as specified under Part (a)2 of this rule. d3. Determine the number of beads cemented at the operation subject to this rule for the day (Bd) using production records; Bd equals the number of beads that dd receive an application of cement for the day.4. Calculate the mass of VOC used per bead cemented at the operation subject to this rule (Gb): Click to view Image
5. Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per bead cemented at the operation subject to this rule for the day (Nb): Nb = G b
(c) For each tread-end cementing operation or each bead cementing operation that uses a VOC control device that destroys VOC (e.g., an incinerator), the owner or operator shall use the following procedure to determine compliance with the g/tire or g/bead standards in Parts (3)(e)2 and (f)2 of this rule: 1. Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented (G) at the tread- end cementing operation subject to this rule as specified under Parts (a)1 through (a)4 of this paragraph, or calculate the mass of VOC used per bead cemented (Gb) at the bead cementing operation subject to this rule as specified in Parts (b)1 through (b)4 of this paragraph. 2. Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire cemented (N) or per bead cemented (N b) at the operation subject to this rule: N = G(1-R)
Nb = Gb (1-R)
where:
R = Overall efficiency of an emission reduction system (fraction) as determined by the procedures specified in Subparts 3(i) through 3(iii) of this subparagraph.
3. For the initial compliance test, determine the overall reduction efficiency (R) as follows: (i) The owner or operator shall construct a temporary total enclosure around the application and drying areas during the test for the purpose of capturing fugitive VOC emissions. The enclosure shall be maintained at a negative pressure to ensure that all evaporated VOC are measurable. Determine the fraction (Fc) of total VOC used at the operation subject to this rule that enters the control device: Click to view Image
Click to view Image
where:
Cb = Concentration of VOC in the gas stream in the vents prior to a control device (parts per million by volume);
Cf = Concentration of VOC in each gas stream vented directly to the atmosphere from an operation subject to this rule or from a temporary total enclosure around an operation subject to this rule (parts per million by volume);
m = The number of vents from the operation subject to this rule to the control device;
n = The number of vents from the operation subject to this rule to the atmosphere and from the temporary total enclosure;
Qb = Volumetric flow rate in the vents before a control device (dry standard cubic meters per hour); and
Qf = Volumetric flow rate of each stream vented directly to the atmosphere from an operation subject to this rule or from a temporary total enclosure around an operation subject to this rule (dry standard cubic meters per hour) .
(ii) Determine the destruction efficiency of the control device (E) by using values of the volumetric flow rate (Q) of each of the gas streams and the VOC concentration (as carbon) (C) of each of the gas streams in and out of the control device: Click to view Image
where:
p = Number of vents after the control device;
Ca = Concentration of VOC in the gas stream in the vents after the control device (parts per million by volume); and
Qa = Volumetric flow rate in vents after the control device (dry standard cubic meters per hour).
(iii) Determine the overall reduction efficiency (R): R = EFc
4. If subsequent compliance tests are required, the owner or operator may use the most recently determined overall reduction efficiency (R) if the conditions under which the capture system and control device are being operated have not changed since R was most recently determined. If the conditions under which the capture system and control device are being operated are different from those in effect when R was determined, the owner or operator shall re-establish R as specified in Subparts 3(i) through 3(iii).(d) For each tread-end cementing operation and each bead cementing operation subject to this rule that uses a VOC emission reduction system with a control device that recovers VOC (e.g., a carbon adsorber), the owner or operator shall use the following procedure to determine compliance with the g/tire or g/bead standards specified under Parts (3)(e)2 and (3)(f)2 of this rule: 1. Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented at the operation subject to this rule for the day (G) as specified under Parts (a)1 through (a)4 of this paragraph or the mass of VOC used per bead cemented for the day (Gb) as specified in Parts (b)1 through (b)4 of this paragraph.2. Calculate the total mass of VOC recovered from the operation subject to this rule for the day (Mr ): Mr = Lr Dr
where:
Lr = Volume of VOC recovered by a control device for a day (liters); and
Dr = Density of VOC recovered by a control device (grams per liter).
3. Calculate the overall reduction efficiency for the VOC emission reduction system (R) for the day: R = Mr
Mo
4. Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire cemented at the operation subject to this rule for the day (N) or mass of VOC emitted per bead cemented at the operation subject to this rule for the day (N ): b
N = G(1-R)
Nb = Gb(1-R)
(e) An instance of operation of a control device outside of the parameter boundaries listed in Paragraph (6) of this rule shall be an instance of excess emission and noncompliance.(5) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this rule shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications the following equipment: (a) Where a thermal incinerator is used for VOC emission reduction, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder for the temperature of the gas stream in the combustion zone of the incinerator. The temperature monitoring device shall have an accuracy of _+ 1 percent of the combustion temperature being measured in ° C or _+0.5° C, whichever is greater.(b) Where a catalytic incinerator is used for VOC emission reduction, temperature monitoring devices, each equipped with a continuous recorder, for the temperature in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed of the incinerator. The temperature monitoring devices shall have an accuracy of _+ 1 percent of the combustion temperature being measured in C or _+0.5 C, whichever is greater.(c) Where a carbon adsorber is used for VOC emission reduction, and stack emission testing was required to demonstrate compliance with a standard in this rule, an organics monitoring device used to indicate the concentration level of organic compounds based on a detection principle such as infrared, photoionization, or thermal conductivity, equipped with a continuous recorder, for the outlet of the carbon bed.(6) Recordkeeping requirements as follow apply: (a) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to this rule that uses a thermal incinerator shall maintain the following records: 1. Continuous records of the temperature of the gas stream in the combustion zone of the incinerator; and2. Records of all 3-hour periods of operation for which the average temperature of the gas stream in the combustion zone was more than 28°C (50°F) below the combustion zone temperature measured during the most recent determination of the destruction efficiency of the thermal incinerator that demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.(b) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to this rule that uses a catalytic incinerator shall maintain the following records: 1. Continuous records of the temperature of the gas stream both upstream and downstream of the incinerator;2. Records of all 3-hour periods of operation for which the average temperature °° measured before the catalyst bed is more than 28 C (50 F) below the gas stream temperature measured before the catalyst bed during the most recent determination of destruction efficiency of the catalytic incinerator that demonstrated that the facility was in compliance; and3. Records of all 3-hour periods for which the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed is less than 80 percent of the temperature difference measured during the most recent determination of the destruction efficiency of the catalytic incinerator that demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.(c) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to this rule that uses a carbon adsorber shall maintain continuous records of all 3-hour periods of operation during which the average VOC concentration level or reading of organics in the exhaust gases is more than 20 percent greater than the reading measured by the organics monitoring device during the most recent determination of the removal efficiency of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the facility was in compliance. This specification applies only to carbon adsorbers for which stack emission testing was required to demonstrate compliance with a standard of this rule.(7) The owner or operator of any facility containing emission sources subject to this rule shall comply with the reporting requirements in Paragraphs .04(1) and (2) of this chapter.Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1200-03-18-.34
Original rule filed March 8, 1993; effective April 22, 1993.Authority: T.C.A. §§ 4-5-202 and 68-201-105.