(a) The content of a paramedic course shall meet the objectives contained in the January 2009 U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) National Emergency Medical Services Education Standards, DOT HS 811 077E, and be consistent with the paramedic basic scope of practice specified in Section 100146(a) of this Chapter. The DOT HS 811 077 E can be accessed through the U.S. DOT National Highway Traffic Safety Administration at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration http://www.nhtsa.gov/.(b) In addition to the above, the content of the training course shall include a minimum of four (4) hours of tactical casualty care (TCC) principles applied to violent circumstances with at least the following topics and skills and shall be competency based: (1) History and Background of Tactical Casualty Care (A) Demonstrate knowledge of tactical casualty care 1. History of active shooter and domestic terrorism incidents2. Define roles and responsibilities of first responders including Law Enforcement, Fire and EMS3. Review of local active shooter policies4. Scope of Practice and Authorized Skills and procedures by level of training, certification, and licensure zone(2) Terminology and definitions (A) Demonstrate knowledge of terminology 1. Hot zone/warm zone/cold zone2. Casualty collection point(3) Coordination, Command and Control (A) Demonstrate knowledge of Incident Command and how agencies are integrated into tactical operations. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of team command, control and communicationa. Incident Command System (ICS) /National Incident Management System (NIMS)b. Mutual Aid considerationsd. Communications, including radio interoperability(4) Tactical and Rescue Operations (A) Demonstrate knowledge of tactical and rescue operations1. Tactical Operations - Law Enforcement a. The priority is to mitigate the threat2. Rescue Operations - Law Enforcement/EMS/Fire a. The priority is to provide life-saving interventions to injured partiesb. Formation of Rescue Task Force (RTF)c. Casualty collection points(5) Basic Tactical Casualty Care and Evacuation (A) Demonstrate appropriate casualty care at your scope of practice and certification 1. Demonstrate knowledge of the components of the Individual First Aid Kit (IFAK) and/or medical kit.2. Understand the priorities of Tactical Casualty Care as applied by zone.3. Demonstrate competency through practical testing of the following medical treatment skills: b. Apply Tourniquet ii. Application on othersd. Apply Pressure Dressinge. Apply Hemostatic Dressing with Wound Packing, utilizing California EMSA-approved products2. Airway and Respiratory management a. Perform Chin Lift/Jaw Thrust Maneuver3. Chest/torso wounds a. Apply Chest Seals, vented preferred4. Demonstrate competency in patient movement and evacuation. 5. Demonstrate knowledge of local multi-casualty/mass casualty incident protocols. a. Triage procedures (START or SALT).b. Casualty Collection Point.c. Triage, Treatment and Transport.(6) Threat Assessment. (A) Demonstrate knowledge in threat assessment. 1. Understand and demonstrate knowledge of situational awareness.2. Pre-assessment of community risks and threats.3. Pre-incident planning and coordination.4. Medical resources available.(c) The content of the CCP course shall include: 1. Role of interfacility transport paramedic: (B) Critical care vs. 9-1-1 system(C) Integration and cooperation with other health professionals(D) Hospital documentation and charts(E) Physician orders vs. ALS protocols2. Medical - legal issues: (A) Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)(B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)(C) Review of California paramedic scope of practice(E) Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) and Physicians Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST)3. Transport Fundamentals, Safety and Survival (A) Safety of the work environment(B) Transport vehicle integrity checks(C) Equipment functionality checks(D) Transport mode evaluation, indications for critical care transport and policies(E) Aircraft Fundamentals and Safety(G) Mission safety decisions(H) Scene Safety and Post-accident duties at a crash site(I) Patient Packaging for transport(J) Crew Resource Management (CRM) & Air Medical Resource Management (AMRM)(K) Use of safety equipment while in transport(L) Passenger safety procedures (e.g., specialty teams, family, law enforcement, observer)(M) Hazard observation and correction during transport vehicle operation(N) Stressors related to transport (e.g., thermal, humidity, noise, vibration, or fatigue related conditions)(O) Corrective actions for patient stressors related to transport(P) Operational procedures: (1) Dispatching and deployment(2) Recognition of patients who require a higher level of carea. What to do if you are not comfortable with a transport/ patient.b. When a patient's needs exceed the staffing available on the unit.(3) Review of specific county policies(4) Obtaining and receiving reports from sending/ receiving facilities(5) Re-calculating hanging dose prior to accepting patient(6) Notification to receiving hospital while en route (cell phone) b. Estimated time of arrival (ETA)(7) What to do if the patient deteriorates(9) Wait and return calls -- continuity of care issues(10) Documentation b. Physician order sheetsc. Critical care flow sheets4. Shock and multi-system organ failure (A) Pathophysiology of shock(D) Multi-system organ failure 1. Recognition and management of sepsis2. Recognition and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)(E) Differential diagnosis of acute and chronic conditions(F) Management of patient status using 1. Laboratory values, to include but not limited to, 2. Diagnostic equipment d. CO-Oximetry (carbon monoxide measurement)(G) Application of pharmacologic agents for the respiratory patient(H) Management of complications during transport of the respiratory patient5. Basic Physiology for Critical Care Transport and Laboratory and Diagnostic Analysis
Laboratory values:
(A) Arterial blood gases 1. The potential hydrogen (pH) scale2. Bodily regulation of acid-base balance3. Practical evaluation of arterial blood gas results(B) Review of the following to include normal and abnormal values and implications2. Complete blood count (CBC) a. Hematocrit and Hemoglobin (H&H)c. White blood cell (WBC) with differential3. Other c. Alanine transaminase (ALT)d. Aspartate transaminase (AST)h. Creatine Kinase (CK) (total and fractions)l. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)9. Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)(C) Practical application of laboratory values to patient presentations(D) Use of laboratory devices for point of care testing (eg: ISTAT)(E) Radiographic Interpretation(F) Wherever appropriate, the above education should include information regarding radiographic findings, pertinent laboratory and bedside testing, and pharmacological interventions6. Critical Care Pharmacology and Infusion Therapy Pharmacology and infusion therapies: (A) Review of common medications encountered in the critical care environment to include those in the following categories: 7. Anti-inflammatory agents14. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors15. Histamine Blockers (1 and 2)20. Proton Pump Inhibitors23. Total Parenteral Nutrition(B) Review of drug calculation mathematics (C) Detailed instruction (drug action and indications, dosages, IV calculation, adverse reactions, contraindications and precautions) on following medications:1. IV nitroglycerin (NTG)3. Potassium chloride (KCI) infusion(D) Blood and blood products 1. Blood components and their uses in therapy2. Administrative procedures3. Administration of blood products4. Transfusion reactions -- recognition, management(E) Infusion pumps: 1. Set up and maintain IV fluid and medication delivery pumps and devices2. Discussion of various pumps that may be encountered3. Discussion of prevention of "run-away" IV lines while transitioning4. Practical application of transfer of IV infusions, setting drip rates and troubleshooting(F) Procedures to be used when re-establishing IV lines 1. Hemodynamic monitoring and invasive lines: a. Non-invasive monitoring 1) Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP)4) Heart and bowel sound auscultationb. Intraosseous (IO) access and infusion - the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of IO infusionc. Central Venous Access 1) Subclavian -- the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of subclavian access.2) Internal jugular -- the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of internal jugular access.3) Femoral approach -- the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of femoral access.6. Respiratory Patient Management (A) Pulmonary anatomy and physiology 1. Upper and lower airway anatomy2. Mechanics of ventilation and oxygenation4. Oxyhemoglobin dissociation(B) Detailed assessment of the respiratory patient 1. Obtaining a relevant history(C) Causes, pathophysiology, and stages of respiratory failure(D) Assessment and management of patients with respiratory compromise 6. Spontaneous pneumothorax8. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease9. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)7. Advanced Airway and Breathing Management TechniquesA Indications for basic and advanced airway management 1. Crash airway assessment and management2. Deteriorating airway assessment and managementB Indications, contraindications, complications, and management for specific airway and breathing interventions 1. Needle Cricothryoidotomy2. Surgical Cricothyroidotomy -- the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of surgical cricothyroidotomy.3. Tracheostomiesa. Types of tracheostomies4. Endotracheal intubation -- adult, pediatric, and neonatal a. Nasotracheal intubationb. Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) -- the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of RSI.c. Perilaryngeal airway devices 3) Supraglottic airway devices4) Laryngeal mask airway devices6. Chest tubes a. Set up and maintain thoracic drainage systemsb. Operation of and troubleshootingc. Indications for and positioning of dependent tubingg. On-going assessments of drainage amount and color7. Portable ventilators a. Principles of ventilator operationb. Set-up and maintain mechanical ventilation devicesc. Procedures for transferring ventilator patientsd. Complications of ventilator managemente. Troubleshooting and practical applicationC. Perform advanced airway and breathing management techniques 1. Endotracheal intubation -- adult, pediatric, and neonatal2. Nasotracheal intubation3. Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI)D. Failed airway management and algorithmsE. Perform alternative airway management techniques 1. Needle Cricothryoidotomy2. Surgical Cricothroidotomy4. Perilaryngeal airway devices5. Supraglottic airway devices6. Laryngeal mask airway devicesF. Airway management and ventilation monitoring techniques during transportG. Use of mechanical ventilationH. Administer pharmacology agent for continued airway management8. Cardiac Patient Management (A) Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology and Pathophysiology(B) Detailed Assessment of the Cardiac Patient(C) Assessment and Management of patients with cardiac events 1. Acute coronary syndromes,5. Hemodynamic instability(D) Invasive monitoring (use, care, and complication management) 2. Central venous pressure (CVP)(E) Vascular access devices usage and maintenance(F) Dressing and site care(G) Management of complications(H) Manage patient's status using 1. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)2. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)3. 12-lead EKG interpretation: a. Essential 12-lead interpretationb. Acquisition and transmissionc. Acute coronary syndromesd. The high acuity patiente. Bundle branch block and the imitators of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)f. Theory and Use of cardiopulmonary support devices as part of patient management 1) Ventricular assist devices,3) Intra-aortic balloon pumpg. Application of Pharmacologic agents in Cardiac Emergenciesh. Management of complications of cardiac patientsi. Implanted cardioverter defibrillators: 3) Complications and patient managementj. Cardiac pacemakers (1) Normal operations, troubleshooting and loss of capture (3) Transcutaneous pacing9. Trauma Patient Management (A) Differentiate injury patterns associated with specific mechanisms of injury(B) Rate a trauma victim using the Trauma Score, to include but not be limited to glasgow coma score, injury severity score, and revised trauma score(C) Identify patients who meet trauma center criteria(D) Perform a comprehensive assessment of the trauma patient(E) Initiate the critical interventions for the management of the trauma patient 1. Manage the patient with life-threatening thoracic injuries 2. Manage the patient with abdominal injuries 3. Manage the patient with orthopedic injuries (e.g. pelvic, femur, spinal)4. Manage the patient with neurologic injuries (F) Manage patient's status using 1. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)2. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)(G) Application of pharmacologic agents for trauma management(H) Manage trauma patient emergencies and complications 1. the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of chest tube thoracostomy.2. The student must demonstrate competency in the skill of pericardiocentesis,(I) Administer blood and blood products(J) Trauma considerations: 2. Adult thoracic & abdominal trauma,4. Musculoskeletal trauma,8. Penetrating & blunt trauma,9. Distributive & hypovolemic shock states,10 Trauma Systems & Trauma Scoring, and11. Kinematics of trauma & injury patterns.10. Neurologic Patient Management (A) Perform an assessment of the patient(B) Conduct differential diagnosis of patients with coma(C) Manage patients with seizures(D) Manage patients with cerebral ischemia(E) Initiate the critical interventions for the management of a patient with a neurologic emergency(F) Provide care for a patient with a neurologic emergency1. Trauma neurological emergencies2. Medical neurological emergencies3. Cerebrovascular Accidents,4. Neurological shock states(G) Assess a patient using the Glasgow coma scale(H) Manage patients with head injuries(I) Manage patients with spinal cord injuries(J) Manage patient's status using1. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)2. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)(K) Intracranial Pressure monitoring.(L) Application of pharmacologic agents for neurologic patients(M) Manage neurologic patient complications11. Toxic Exposure and Environmental Patient Management (A) Toxic Exposure Patient 1. Perform a detailed assessment of the patient2. Decontaminate toxicological patients (e.g., chemical/biological/radiological exposure)3. Administer poison antidotes4. Provide care for victims of envenomation5. Manage patient's status using a. Laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)b. Diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)6. Administer pharmacologic agents7. Manage toxicological patients b. Chemical/biological/radiological exposure8. Manage toxicological patient complications(B) Environmental Patient 1. Perform an assessment of the patient2. Manage the patient experiencing a cold-related illness 3. Manage the patient experiencing a heat-related illness 4. Manage the patient experiencing a diving-related illness a. Decompression sickness,5. Manage the patient experiencing altitude-related illness6. Manage patient's status using a. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)b. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)7. Application for pharmacologic agents for toxic exposure and environmental patients8. Treat patient with environmental complications(C) Toxicology: 5. Anaphylactic shock, and12. Obstetrical Patient Management (A) Perform a detailed assessment of the patient(B) Assess and Manage fetal distress(C) Manage obstetrical patients(D) Assess uterine contraction pattern(E) Conduct interventions for obstetrical emergencies and complications 1. Pregnancy induced hypertension,2. Hypertonic or titanic contractions,5. Severe preeclampsia involving hemolysis, elevated liver function, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome.(F) Determine if transport can safely be attempted or if delivery should be accomplished at the referring facility(G) Manage patient's status using 1. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)2. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)(H) Application of pharmacologic agents for obstetrical patient management(I) Manage emergent delivery and post-partum complications(J) Special Considerations in Obstetrics (OB)/ Gynecology (GYN) Patients3. Reproductive system disorders13. Neonatal and Pediatric Patient Management(A) Neonatal Patient 1. Perform a detailed assessment of the neonatal patient a. Management & delivery of the full-term or pre-term newborn,b. Management of the complications of delivery2. Manage the resuscitation of the neonate, includinga. Umbilical artery catheterization - the student must demonstrate the skill of umbilical catheterization.b. Neonatal Resuscitation Program & Pediatric Advanced Life Support.3. Manage patient's status using diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)4. Application of pharmacologic agents for neonatal patient management5. Manage neonatal patient complications(B) Pediatric Patient 1. Perform a detailed assessment of the pediatric patient2. Manage the pediatric patient experiencing a medical event 3. Manage the pediatric patient experiencing a traumatic eventa. Single vs. multiple system4. Manage patient's status using a. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)b. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)c. Application of pharmacologic agents for pediatric patient managementd. Treat patient with pediatric complications5. Considerations for Special needs children.14. Burn Patient Management (A) Perform a detailed assessment of the patient(B) Calculate the percentage of total body surface area burned(C) Manage fluid replacement therapy(D) Manage inhalation injuries in burn injury patients(E) Manage patient's status using 1. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)2. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)(F) Application of pharmacologic agents for burn patient management(G) Provide treatment of burn complications - the student must demonstrate competency in the skill of escharotomy.15. General Medical Patient Management (A) Perform an assessment of the patient(B) Manage patients experiencing a medical condition 1. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA),4. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Non-Ketotic Coma (HHNC)6. Neurologic emergencies7. Hypertensive emergencies,8. Environmental emergencies,10. Endocrine emergencies,(C) Use of invasive monitoring for the purpose of clinical management(D) Manage patient's status using 1. laboratory values (e.g., blood gas values, ISTAT)2. diagnostic equipment (e.g., pulse oximetry, chest radiography, capnography)(E) Application of pharmacologic agents for general medical patient management(F) Treat patient with general medical complications(G) Transport considerations of patients with renal or peritoneal dialysis(H) Transport of Patients with Infection Diseases: 1 Pathogens
a. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)c. Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE)d. Multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria (MRSA)(I) Transport and Management of Patients with Indwelling tubes 3. Percutaneous endoscopic gastric (PEG)(d) Training programs in operation prior to the April 1, 2020 shall submit evidence of compliance with this Chapter to the appropriate approving authority as specified in Section 100137 of this Chapter no later than April 1, 2021.Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 22, § 100155
1. Renumbering and amendment of former section 100155 to section 100159, and renumbering and amendment of section 100151 to section 100155 filed 7-10-89; operative 8-9-89 (Register 89, No. 29). For prior history, see Register 84, No. 20.
2. Amendment of subsection (c) filed 11-4-91; operative 1-1-92 (Register 92, No. 10).
3. Renumbering of former section 100155 to section 100156 and renumbering of former section 100154 to section 100155, including amendment of section heading and section, filed 3-15-99; operative 4-14-99 (Register 99, No. 12).
4. Repealer of former section 100155 and renumbering and amendment of former section 100156 to section 100155 filed 9-10-2004; operative 10-10-2004 (Register 2004, No. 37).
5. Renumbering of former section 100155 to section 100156 and renumbering of former section 100154 to section 100155, including amendment of section heading and section, filed 2-11-2013; operative 4-1-2013 (Register 2013, No. 7).
6. Change without regulatory effect renumbering former section 100155 to section 100161 and renumbering and amending former section 100160 to section 100155 filed 2-8-2016 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2016, No. 7).
7. Amendment of section and NOTE filed 1-24-2020; operative 4-1-2020 (Register 2020, No. 4). Note: Authority cited: Sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.116, 1797.172, 1797.173, 1797.185 and 1797.213, Health and Safety Code.
1. Renumbering and amendment of former section 100155 to section 100159, and renumbering and amendment of section 100151 to section 100155 filed 7-10-89; operative 8-9-89 (Register 89, No. 29). For prior history, see Register 84, No. 20.
2. Amendment of subsection (c) filed 11-4-91; operative 1-1-92 (Register 92, No. 10).
3. Renumbering of former section 100155 to section 100156 and renumbering of former section 100154 to section 100155, including amendment of section heading and section, filed 3-15-99; operative 4-14-99 (Register 99, No. 12).
4. Repealer of former section 100155 and renumbering and amendment of former section 100156 to section 100155 filed 9-10-2004; operative 10-10-2004 (Register 2004, No. 37).
5. Renumbering of former section 100155 to section 100156 and renumbering of former section 100154 to section 100155, including amendment of section heading and section, filed 2-11-2013; operative 4-1-2013 (Register 2013, No. 7).
6. Change without regulatory effect renumbering former section 100155 to section 100161 and renumbering and amending former section 100160 to section 100155 filed 2-8-2016 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2016, No. 7).
7. Amendment of section and Note filed 1-24-2020; operative 4/1/2020 (Register 2020, No. 4).The amended version of this section by Register 2024, No. 38, effective 1/1/2025 is not yet available.