Civil Monetary Penalties Inflation Adjustments

AGENCY:

U.S. Small Business Administration.

ACTION:

Final rule.

SUMMARY:

The Small Business Administration (SBA) is amending its regulations to adjust for inflation the amount of certain civil monetary penalties that are within the jurisdiction of the agency. These adjustments comply with the requirement in the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015, to make annual adjustments to the penalties.

DATES:

This rule is effective March 10, 2020.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Arlene Embrey, 202-205-6976, or at arlene.embrey@sba.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

On November 2, 2015, the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (the Act), Public Law 114-74, 129 Stat. 584, was enacted. The Act amended the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, Public Law 101-410, 104 Stat 890 (the 1990 Inflation Adjustment Act), to improve the effectiveness of civil monetary penalties and to maintain their deterrent effect. The Act required agencies to issue a final rule by August 1, 2016, to adjust the level of civil monetary penalties with an initial “catch-up” adjustment and to annually adjust these monetary penalties for inflation by January 15 of each subsequent year. The Act authorizes agencies to implement the annual adjustments without regard to the requirements for public notice and comment or delayed effective date under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(3)(B) and (d)(3), respectively.

In addition, based on the definition of a “civil monetary penalty” in the 1990 Inflation Adjustment Act, agencies are to make adjustments only to the civil penalties that (i) are for a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal law or have a maximum amount provided for by Federal law; (ii) are assessed or enforced by an agency; and (iii) are enforced or assessed in an administrative proceeding or a civil action in the Federal courts. Therefore, penalties that are stated as a percentage of an indeterminate amount or as a function of a violation (penalties that encompass actual damages incurred) are not to be adjusted.

SBA published in the Federal Register an interim final rule with its initial adjustments to the civil monetary penalties, including an initial “catch-up” adjustment, on May 19, 2016 (81 FR 31489), with an effective date of August 1, 2016. SBA published its first annual adjustments to the monetary penalties on February 9, 2017 (82 FR 9967), with an immediate effective date. SBA published its subsequent annual adjustments for 2018 on February 21, 2018 (83 FR 7361), and for 2019 on April 1, 2019 (84 FR 12059), both with immediate effective dates. This rule will establish the adjusted penalty amounts for 2020 with immediate effective date upon publication.

On December 16, 2019, the Office of Management and Budget published its annual guidance memorandum for 2020 civil monetary penalties inflation adjustments (M-20-05, Implementation of Penalty Inflation Adjustments for 2020, Pursuant to the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015). The guidance memorandum provides the formula for calculating the annual adjustments based on the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the month of October preceding the adjustment, and specifically on the change between the October CPI-U preceding the date of adjustment and the prior year's CPI-U. Based on this methodology, the 2020 civil monetary penalty inflation adjustment is October 2019 CPI-U (257.346)/October 2018 CPI-U (252.885) = 1.01764. The annual adjustments identified in this rule were obtained by applying this multiplier of 1.01764 to the most recently adjusted penalty amounts that were published in SBA's 2019 adjustments to civil monetary penalties (84 FR 12059, April 1, 2019).

II. Civil Money Penalties Adjusted by This Rule

This rule adjusts civil monetary penalties authorized by the Small Business Act, the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 (SBIAct), the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act, and the Byrd Amendment to the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act. These penalties and the implementing regulations are discussed below.

1. 13 CFR 107.665—Civil Penalties

This rule amends § 107.665 to adjust the current civil penalty from $266 to $271 per day of failure to file. The current civil penalty of $266 was multiplied by the multiplier of 1.01764 to reach a product of $271, rounded to the nearest dollar.

2. 13 CFR 120.465—Civil Penalty for Late Submission of Required Reports

According to the regulations at § 120.465, any SBA Supervised Lender, as defined in 13 CFR 120.10, that violates a regulation or written directive issued by the SBA Administrator regarding the filing of any regular or special report is subject to the civil penalty amount stated in § 120.465(b) for each day the company fails to file the report, unless the SBA Supervised Lender can show that there is reasonable cause for its failure to file. This penalty is authorized by section 23(j)(1) of the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. 650(j)(1).

This rule amends § 120.465(b) to adjust the current civil penalty from $6,623 to $6,740 per day of failure to file. The current civil penalty of $6,623 was multiplied by the multiplier of 1.01764 to reach a product of $6,740, rounded to the nearest dollar.

3. 13 CFR 142.1—Overview of Regulations

SBA has promulgated regulations at 13 CFR part 142 to implement the civil penalties authorized by the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986 (PFCRA), 31 U.S.C. 3801-3812. Under the current regulation at 13 CFR 142.1(b), a person who submits, or causes to be submitted, a false claim or a false statement to SBA is subject to a civil penalty of not more than $11,463, for each statement or claim. The adjusted civil penalty amount was calculated by multiplying the current civil penalty of $11,463 by the multiplier of 1.01764 to reach a product of $11,665, rounded to the nearest dollar.

4. 13 CFR 146.400—Penalties

SBA's regulations at 13 CFR part 146 govern lobbying activities by recipients of federal financial assistance. These regulations implement the authority in 31 U.S.C. 1352, which was established in 1989, and impose penalties on any recipient that fails to comply with certain requirements in the part. Specifically, under § 146.400(a) and (b), penalties may be imposed on those who make prohibited expenditures or fail to file the required disclosure forms or to amend such forms, if necessary.

This rule amends § 146.400(a) and (b) to adjust the current civil penalty amounts to “not less than $20,489 and not more than $204,892.” The current civil penalty amounts of $20,134 and $201,340 were multiplied by the multiplier of 1.01764 to reach a product of $20,489 and $204,892, respectively, rounded to the nearest dollar.

This rule also amends § 146.400(e) to adjust the civil penalty that may be imposed for a first-time violation of § 146.400(a) and (b) to $20,489 and to adjust the civil penalty that may be imposed for second and subsequent offenses to “not less than $20,489 and not more than $204,892.” The current civil penalty amounts of $20,134 and $201,340 were multiplied by the multiplier of 1.01764 to reach a product of $20,489 and $204,892 respectively, rounded to the nearest dollar.

III. Justification for Final Rule

The Act provides that agencies shall annually adjust civil monetary penalties for inflation notwithstanding Section 553 of the APA. Additionally, the Act provides a non-discretionary cost-of-living formula for annual adjustment of the civil monetary penalties. For these reasons, the requirements in sections 553(b), (c), and (d) of the APA, relating to notice and comment and requiring that a rule be effective 30 days after publication in the Federal Register, are inapplicable.

IV. Justification for Immediate Effective Date

Section 553(d) requires agencies to publish their rules at least 30 days before their effective dates, except if the agency finds for good cause that the delay is impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest. By expressly exempting this rule from section 553, the Act has provided SBA with the good cause justification for this rule to become effective on the date it is published in the Federal Register.

Compliance With Executive Orders 12866, 12988, 13132, 13771, and the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 35) and the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601-612).

Executive Order 12866

The Office of Management and Budget has determined that this final rule is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. This is also not a major rule under the Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 800.

Executive Order 12988

This action meets applicable standards set forth in Sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation, eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden. The action does not have retroactive or preemptive effect.

Executive Order 13132

For the purpose of Executive Order 13132, SBA has determined that the rule will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. Therefore, this final rule has no federalism implications warranting preparation of a federalism assessment.

Executive Order 13771

This rule is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action, because this rule is not significant under Executive Order 12866.

Paperwork Reduction Act

SBA has determined that this rule does not impose additional reporting or recordkeeping requirements.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (“RFA”) requires agencies to consider the effect of their regulatory actions on small entities, including small non-profit businesses, and small local governments. Pursuant to the RFA, when an agency issues a rule, the agency must prepare an analysis that describes whether the impact of the rule will have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of such small entities. However, the RFA requires such analysis only where notice and comment rulemaking are required. As stated above, SBA has express statutory authority to issue this rule without regard to the notice and comment requirement of the APA. Since notice and comment is not required before this rule is issued, SBA is not required to prepare a regulatory analysis.

List of Subjects

13 CFR Part 107

• Investment companies
• Loan programs-business
• Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
• Small businesses

13 CFR Part 120

• Loan programs-business
• Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
• Small businesses

13 CFR Part 142

• Administrative practice and procedure
• Claims
• Fraud
• Penalties

13 CFR Part 146

• Government contracts
• Grant programs
• Loan programs
• Lobbying
• Penalties
• Reporting and recordkeeping requirements

For the reasons set forth in the preamble, SBA amends 13 CFR parts 107, 120, 142, and 146 as follows:

PART 107—SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES

1. The authority citation for part 107 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 681, 683, 687(c), 687b, 687d, 687g, 687m.

2. In § 107.665, remove “$266” and add in its place “$271”.

PART 120—BUSINESS LOANS

3. The authority citation for part 120 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 634(b) (6), (b) (7), (b) (14), (h), and note, 636(a), (h) and (m), 650, 687(f), 696(3), and 697(a) and (e); Pub. L. 111-5, 123 Stat. 115, Pub. L. 111-240, 124 Stat. 2504; Pub. L. 114-38, 129 Stat.437.

4. In § 120.465, amend paragraph (b) by removing “$6,623” and adding in its place “$6,740”.

PART 142—PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT REGULATIONS

5. The authority citation for part 142 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 634(b); 31 U.S.C. 3803(g)(2).

6. In § 142.1, amend paragraph (b) by removing “$11,463” and adding in its place “$11,665”.

PART 146—NEW RESTRICTIONS ON LOBBYING

7. The authority citation for part 146 continues to read as follows:

Authority: Section 319, Pub. L. 101-121 (31 U.S.C. 1352); 15 U.S.C. 634(b)(6).

8. Amend § 146.400 by removing “$20,134” wherever it appears and adding in its place “$20,489” and by removing “$201,340” wherever it appears and adding in its place “$204,892”.