Opinion
09-01-1936
ZANZONICO v. ZANZONICO.
Louis Auerbacher, Jr., of Newark, for complainant. Herman Marx, of Newark, for defendant.
Syllabus by the Court.
1. Where after final hearing on merits of husband's suit to annul marriage and wife's counterclaim for divorce for extreme cruelty (or for separate maintenance upon a constructive abandonment based upon extreme cruelty where the issue of abandonment is determined against her on its merits) the final decree dismisses both bill and counterclaim upon the merits, such decree operates res judicata to bar wife's subsequent suit for separate maintenance based upon the same allegations of cruelty contained in the counterclaim, unless following the decree she makes overtures toward reconciliation or justifies her failure to do so by setting up some affirmative act or acts on husband's part since the decree which would legally excuse such failure.
2. Where a wife procures an order for her support against her husband in the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court, and such order is rendered presently inoperative because of the issuance of a writ of certiorari out of the Supreme Court, at the husband's instance, to review the legality of the order, the wife must be held to have elected herremedy and as long as the certiorari proceedings are pending may not bring suit for separate maintenance in chancery. Roarke v. Roarke, 77 N.J.Eq. 181, 75 A. 761, followed. Shore v. Shore, 96 N.J.Eq. 661, 126 A. 320; Ronnie v. Rennie, 85 N.J.Eq. 1, 95 A. 571, and Becker v. Becker (N.J.Ch.) 90 A. 675, distinguished.
Suit for separate maintenance by Carmella Zanzonico against Antonio Zanzonico. On complainant's motion for maintenance pendente lite, and defendant's motion to dismiss the bill.
Bill dismissed.
Louis Auerbacher, Jr., of Newark, for complainant.
Herman Marx, of Newark, for defendant.
HERR, Advisory Master.
The complainant moves for the allowance of suit money and maintenance pendente lite upon her bill for separate maintenance under section 26 of the Divorce Act (P.L. 1907, p. 482 [2 Comp.St.1910, p. 2038, § 26]), and is met by a counter motion for the dismissal of the bill on the ground that the court is without jurisdiction to entertain it, for the reason that the subject-matter of complainant's suit has already been adjudicated adversely to her in this court, and for the further reason that having secured an order for support from her husband in the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court she is barred from maintaining her suit in this court on the doctrine of election.
The bill sets up that following the marriage of the parties on July 9, 1932, they cohabited until the month of April, 1934, at which time the complainant was forced to separate herself from the defendant because of certain alleged acts of extreme cruelty extending from the date of the marriage down to April 8, 1934; that ever since that time she has lived apart from him and that he has never "requested her to return nor given her any assurance that if she did return that she would be treated properly"; that in June, 1934, the defendant filed a petition in the Court of Chancery against complainant, praying for an annulment of said marriage, to which she "filed an answer and counterclaim in said cause, praying for a divorce on the ground of extreme cruelty"; that said proceedings came on for a hearing in November, 1935, and that on January 14, 1936, a decree was entered dismissing the petition of the defendant and the counterclaim of the complainant; that at no time prior or subsequent to January 14, 1936, has the defendant "extended to complainant personally an invitation to return to his home, nor has he made any offer or invitation in good faith to any one on complainant's behalf for her to return to his home"; that since the said final hearing in November, 1935, the defendant "has failed, refused and neglected to support complainant or to contribute any moneys towards her support and maintenance other than as hereinafter mentioned."
The bill then proceeds to allege that in March, 1936, complainant filed a complaint against her husband in the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court of Essex County for support, charging that he "has refused and failed to provide adequate support and maintenance * * * contrary to 'An Act concerning the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court of 1929, chapter 157,' and the supplements thereto and amendments thereof [Comp.St.Supps. § 53—215b(l) et seq.] and contrary to the provisions of 'An Act for the settlement and relief of Poor, P.L.1924, chapter 132,' and the supplements thereto and amendments thereof" [Comp.St.Supps. § 161—124 et seq.]; that after a hearing the court entered an order directing the defendant to pay her $7 a week for her support and maintenance, but that "on or about May 23, 1936, the defendant, through his attorney, obtained a writ of certiorari to review the proceedings of the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court," and that "since May 23, 1936, the defendant has failed to pay or contribute any moneys towards complainant's support and maintenance."
Finally, the bill contains allegations respecting the needs of the complainant and the faculties of the defendant, and a prayer for relief in the usual form.
The decree in the prior suit in this court dismissed both bill and counterclaim, reciting that proofs had been taken in open court, that the court had heard and considered the pleadings, proofs, and arguments, and that "upon full consideration thereof" it appeared to the court that neither of the parties had sustained the truth of their respective allegations and that neither was entitled to relief.
In O'Brien v. O'Brien, 103 N.J.Eq. 214, at page 218, 142 A. 898, 900, affirmed 105 N. J.Eq. 250, 147 A. 911, it was determined in a similar situation that: "The courtmust assume that the divorce suit was adjudicated upon its merits, and that the decree entered therein is res adjudicata of the matters complained of therein, and, as the complainant herein relies upon the same matters alleged in the former suit, the aforesaid decree is dispositive of the case sub judice. * * * The complainant cannot nullify the res adjudicata rule by changing the character of the relief sought from that of a decree of divorce a mensa et thoro to a decree for maintenance, nor be held to question the decree in the former suit by collateral attack, such as is manifested by her present suit." In the O'Brien Case the wife's prior suit was for divorce on the ground of extreme cruelty, and her second suit for separate maintenance on the ground of constructive abandonment based upon the same allegations of extreme cruelty. Such is the situation presented by the bill in the present suit, and the rule of the O'Brien Case is applicable.
It should be noted at this point that an examination of the record of proceedings in the prior suit in this court between the parties hereto (docket 102/679) discloses that the wife's counterclaim (filed August 21, 1934, and refiled, evidently in error, September 12, 1934) prayed for a decree of separate maintenance, and not for divorce as alleged in her present bill. To determine whether an amendment might avail complainant the stenographic notes of the hearing in the prior suit were consulted to ascertain whether the issue of abandonment might have been undecided (Locher v. Locher, 112 N.J.Eq. 25, 163 A. 251), but it appeared therefrom that this issue was adjudicated against the wife on the merits. Hence it is immaterial that this complainant, in her prior suit, prayed for separate maintenance rather than divorce. The issue of abandonment presented by her counterclaim in that suit and determined adversely to her upon the merits is the same issue now presented a second time by her bill in this suit.
In her counterclaim in the former suit, the complainant claimed, as she claims in her present bill, that she was obliged to leave her husband in April, 1934, because of his extreme cruelty to her, and that he did not request her to return nor assure her that if she did return he would treat her properly. The allegations contained in her present bill are based upon the same course of conduct on her husband's part of which she complained in her counterclaim in the prior suit, and include no charges of cruelty not alleged in the counterclaim or any other matters in justification of her remaining away from her husband, except that he has not "extended to complainant personally an invitation to return to his home, nor has he made any offer or invitation in good faith to any one on complainant's behalf for her to return to his home."
It was held in the O'Brien Case, supra, 103 N.J.Eq. 214, at page 219, 142 A. 898, 901, that "inasmuch as this court adjudicated in complainant's former suit that she had failed to substantiate the allegations of her petition, it was her duty to return to live with the defendant." The Court of Errors and Appeals has repeatedly held that "it is the duty of the wife to live with her husband at his home and to give him her services and society. From these obligations she is only relieved if she can show that the conduct of her husband has been such 'as will reasonably convince the court that her life or health was in danger or her life rendered one of such extreme discomfort and wretchedness as to incapacitate her to discharge the duties of a wife, or that the conduct of the husband, if continued, would have brought about these conditions.'" Pinkinson v. Pinkinson, 92 N.J.Eq. 669, 671, 113 A. 143, 144; Taylor v. Taylor, 73 N.J.Eq. 745, 746, 70 A. 323; Sabbarese v. Sabbarese, 104 N.J.Eq. 600, 146 A. 592, affirmed 107 N.J.Eq. 184, 152 A. 920; Werpupp v. Werpupp, 108 N.J.Eq. 169, 154 A. 424.
By its decree in the prior suit this court necessarily adjudicated that the complainant was not relieved from these obligations because of her husband's conduct, or by his consent to the separation. Hence it became her duty to return to him, or at least to endeavor in good faith to do so, as a condition precedent to filing another suit for separate maintenance. Her bill does not allege that she made any effort in this direction, or that she would have returned to him had he made advances, nor does it allege that since the entry of the decree in the prior suit the defendant has in anywise discouraged a reconciliation or done any act or acts which would legally excuse her failure to make advances, so that there is nothing in the present bill to take the case out of the prior adjudication. The decree in the earlier case therefore operates res judicata as a bar to pleading and proving all of complainant's charges against her husband contained in the present billDowling v. Dowling, 91 N.J.Eq. 464, 110 A. 39, affirmed on this point, 93 N.J.Eq. 159, 115 A. 378; City of Paterson v. Baker, 51 N.J.Eq. 49, 57, 26 A. 324; In re Leupp, 108 N.J.Eq. 49, 58, 153 A. 842; Ordinary v. Webb, 112 N.J.Law, 395, 170 A. 672.
The decision in Barefoot v. Barefoot, 83 N.J.Eq. 685, 93 A. 192, is not in conflict with the views above expressed. The court in that case said (83 N.J.Eq. 685, at page 687, 93 A. 192, 193): "All that is decided at this time is that, when a wife resides away from her husband with his consent, the husband's obligation to support her continues." Nor is Segal v. Segal, 104 N.J.Eq. 457, 146 A. 189, authority to the contrary. There the husband's conduct had been partly responsible for the separation, and the court held that his common-law duty to maintain his wife persisted until he made just advances to terminate the separation.
In the instant case the point has been passed where inquiry can be made as to the husband's attitude toward the separation. That matter was adjudicated in the prior suit. The decree amounted to a judicial determination that the wife had left her husband and had remained away from him without his consent, express or implied, and without just cause. It was within her power to change the status so fixed, but only by making a bona fide effort to effect a reconciliation.
If there were any doubt upon this point, it is resolved by reference to the proofs filed upon this motion, which show that in fact the defendant did seek his wife's return to him after the decree of January 14, 1936, but that she refused.
The second ground upon which defendant bases his motion to dismiss is likewise well taken, in my judgment, viz., that complainant (assuming that she had the right of separate maintenance), elected her remedy by filing her complaint in the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court and securing an order from that court for the payment of a weekly sum of money for her support. Although the defendant afterwards procured a writ of certiorari from the Supreme Court to review the legality of that order, and upon the issuance of said writ discontinued his payments under the order (obviously because the writ operates as a supersedeas), the order still stands unreversed. The defendant's action in procuring the writ was not an "extraneous action," as in Shore v. Shore, 96 N.J. Eq. 661, 665, 126 A 320, but simply a step in the cause. It is by the action of the Supreme Court in issuing the writ, rather than by the defendant's action in procuring it, that the order is presently inoperative. The complainant elected her forum and the entire subject-matter of her suit is now before the Supreme Court. Under these conditions the rule applied in the case of Roarke v. Roarke, 77 N.J.Eq. 181, 75 A. 761, as to election of remedies, is likewise applicable to the present case. It is true that the order of the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court is not operative, but it is not true that the order is being disobeyed, as in Rennie v. Rennie, 85 N.J.Eq. 1, 95 A. 571, and Becker v. Becker (N.J.Ch.) 90 A. 675 (not reported [in State Report]). The Supreme Court in its discretion may on application modify the effect of the writ so as to allow complainant pendente lite relief, or the complainant may procure the vacation of the order which she now seeks to uphold against the defendant in the certiorari proceedings, but so long as those proceedings are pending it would be an unwarranted encroachment upon the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court for this court to entertain complainant's present suit, based as it is upon the same subject-matter.
This determination in favor of the defendant upon his motion to strike the bill should not be regarded as sanctioning the practice of using affidavits upon such a motion, which amounts to a general demurrer under the old practice. For the purpose of the motion all of the well-pleaded allegations of the bill are admitted to be true. At the argument in this case affidavits were read without objection; indeed, both sides argued upon the proofs. The court has therefore dealt with the matter as if the proofs were properly before the court, under an answer in lieu of plea (rule 68). Consideration of them was hardly necessary for the determination of the motion, but is justified upon the authority of National Bank of New Jersey v. Lefkowits, 107 N.J.Eq. 265, 152 A. 328, as well as upon the inherent power of the court to prevent a vexatious suit from being prosecuted to a hearing. Henninger v. Heald, 51 N.J.Eq. 74, 26 A. 449; Benjamin v. Van Voorhis, 106 N.J.Eq. 196, 197, 150 A. 393. See Mendel v. Berwyn Estates, 109 N.J. Eq. 11, 156 A. 324.
The bill will be dismissed. Its dismissal will of course carry down with it the complainant's application for ad interim relief.