Opinion
2014-05-7
Joanne Capace TURCO, appellant-respondent, v. James TURCO, respondent-appellant.
Sklar & Prusinowski, Hempstead, N.Y. (Cindy A. Prusinowski and Alexander Potruch of counsel), for appellant-respondent. Gassman Baiamonte Betts, P.C. Garden City, N.Y. (Stephen Gassman of counsel), for respondent-appellant.
Sklar & Prusinowski, Hempstead, N.Y. (Cindy A. Prusinowski and Alexander Potruch of counsel), for appellant-respondent. Gassman Baiamonte Betts, P.C. Garden City, N.Y. (Stephen Gassman of counsel), for respondent-appellant.
MARK C. DILLON, J.P., CHERYL E. CHAMBERS, LEONARD B. AUSTIN, COLLEEN D. DUFFY, JJ.
In an action for a divorce and ancillary relief, the plaintiff appeals, as limited by her brief, from stated portions of a judgment of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Diamond, J.), entered March 30, 2011, which, upon a decision of the same court dated November 10, 2010, and an amended decision of the same court dated November 18, 2010, made after a nonjury trial, inter alia, (1) upon consent, awarded the plaintiff a divorce on the ground of constructive abandonment, (2) failed to award the plaintiff a marital share of the defendant's interest in his commercial bakery business, (3) awarded the defendant a credit against the proceeds of the sales of three marital properties for 100% of the amount he paid to reduce the mortgage principal on these properties during the pendency of the action, (4) awarded the plaintiff maintenance in the sum of only $48,000 per year for a period of seven years, and (5) awarded the plaintiff child support in the sum of only $548.38 per week, and the defendant cross-appeals, as limited by his brief, from stated portions of the judgment which, inter alia, failed to direct that the plaintiff is responsible for the carrying charges on the marital residence during the post judgment period of exclusive occupancy.
ORDERED that the appeal from so much of the judgment as, upon consent, awarded the plaintiff a divorce on the ground of constructive abandonment is dismissed; and it is further,
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, on the law, on the facts, and in the exercise of discretion, (1) by adding a provision thereto awarding the plaintiff 14.5% of the defendant's interest in his commercial bakery business; (2) by reducing the award to the defendant of a credit against the proceeds of the sales of three marital properties from 100% to 50% of the amount he paid to reduce the mortgage principal on these properties during the pendency of the action, (3) by adding a provision thereto directing that the plaintiff is responsible for the carrying charges on the marital residence during the post judgment period of exclusive occupancy, (4) by adding a provision thereto awarding the plaintiff a credit against the proceeds of the sale of the marital residence for 100% of the amount she pays to reduce the mortgage principal from the date of the judgment until the sale of the marital residence, (5) by deleting the provision thereof awarding the plaintiff maintenance in the sum of $48,000 per year for a period of seven years, and substituting therefor a provision awarding the plaintiff maintenance in the sum of $6,000 per month for a period of seven years, and (6) by deleting the provision thereof awarding the plaintiff child support in the sum of $548.38 per week, and substituting therefor a provision awarding the plaintiff child support in the sum of $914.55 per week, subject to reduction to the sum of $621.89 per week when the parties' eldest child reaches the age of 21; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed insofar as reviewed on the appeal and insofar as cross-appealed from, without costs or disbursements, and the matter is remitted to the Supreme Court, Nassau County, for the entry of an amended judgment.
The plaintiff's appeal from so much of the judgment as awarded her a divorce on the ground of constructive abandonment must be dismissed because that portion of the judgment was entered upon her consent, and, thus, she is not aggrieved thereby ( seeCPLR 5511; Tongue v. Tongue, 61 N.Y.2d 809, 810, 473 N.Y.S.2d 950, 462 N.E.2d 127;Dudla v. Dudla, 50 A.D.3d 1255, 1256–1257, 857 N.Y.S.2d 254;Saleh v. Saleh, 40 A.D.3d 617, 617, 836 N.Y.S.2d 201;Shifer v. Shifer, 27 A.D.3d 549, 549, 810 N.Y.S.2d 361).
“The determination of a motion for leave to voluntarily discontinue an action pursuant to CPLR 3217(b) rests within the sound discretion of the court” ( Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Chaplin, 107 A.D.3d 881, 883, 969 N.Y.S.2d 67;see Tucker v. Tucker, 55 N.Y.2d 378, 383, 449 N.Y.S.2d 683, 434 N.E.2d 1050). “In the absence of special circumstances, such as prejudice to a substantial right of the defendant, or other improper consequences, a motion for a voluntary discontinuance should be granted” ( Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Chaplin, 107 A.D.3d at 883, 969 N.Y.S.2d 67 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Tucker v. Tucker, 55 N.Y.2d at 383–384, 449 N.Y.S.2d 683, 434 N.E.2d 1050). Here, the Supreme Court providently exercised its discretion in denying the plaintiff's application , in effect, to voluntarily discontinue the action, made on the first day of trial, since the record supports a finding that she was merely attempting to avoid an adverse order of the court ( see Kaplan v. Village of Ossining, 35 A.D.3d 816, 817, 827 N.Y.S.2d 278;Casey v. Custom Crushing & Materials, 309 A.D.2d 726, 727, 765 N.Y.S.2d 268), and there was a showing that the defendant would be prejudiced by such discontinuance.
“The granting of an adjournment for any purpose is a matter resting within the sound discretion of the trial court” (Matter of Anthony M., 63 N.Y.2d 270, 283, 481 N.Y.S.2d 675, 471 N.E.2d 447;see Delijani v. Delijani, 100 A.D.3d 823, 824, 954 N.Y.S.2d 567;Matter of Branch v. Cole–Lacy, 84 A.D.3d 953, 954, 921 N.Y.S.2d 897). “In making such a determination, the court must undertake a balanced consideration of all relevant factors” (Matter of Sicurella v. Embro, 31 A.D.3d 651, 819 N.Y.S.2d 75;see Matter of Tripp, 101 A.D.3d 1137, 1138, 957 N.Y.S.2d 389). Given the numerous prior adjournments and the extensive delays in this action, as well as the plaintiff's history of discharging counsel, the Supreme Court providently exercised its discretion in denying her request during trial for an adjournment to obtain new counsel ( see Matter of John L.P. [Boykin–Taylor ], 72 A.D.3d 828, 898 N.Y.S.2d 465;Matter of Sicurella v. Embro, 31 A.D.3d at 651, 819 N.Y.S.2d 75;Faulkner v. Faulkner, 19 A.D.3d 1092, 796 N.Y.S.2d 467;Natoli v. Natoli, 234 A.D.2d 591, 651 N.Y.S.2d 618).
In light of the Supreme Court's finding that the defendant's interest in his commercial bakery business had increased from 50% at the time of the parties' marriage, to 79% by the time of trial, this 29% increase in interest, purchased by the defendant with marital funds, constituted marital property and, therefore, the plaintiff is entitled to one-half thereof, or a 14.5% interest ( seeDomestic Relations Law § 236[B][1][c], [5][c]; Beroza v. Hendler, 71 A.D.3d 615, 617, 896 N.Y.S.2d 144;Wegman v. Wegman, 123 A.D.2d 220, 230, 509 N.Y.S.2d 342).
As to that portion of the defendant's interest in his business that was acquired before the marriage and is separate property ( seeDomestic Relations Law § 236[B][1][d][1] ), in order for appreciation in the value of this asset to be deemed marital property subject to equitable distribution, the plaintiff was required to “demonstrate the manner in which [her] contributions resulted in the increase in value and the amount of the increase which was attributable to [her] efforts” ( Embury v. Embury, 49 A.D.3d 802, 804, 854 N.Y.S.2d 502 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Price v. Price, 69 N.Y.2d 8, 18, 511 N.Y.S.2d 219, 503 N.E.2d 684). The plaintiff, however, did not sustain her burden of proof ( see Morales v. Inzerra, 98 A.D.3d 484, 484, 949 N.Y.S.2d 433;Embury v. Embury, 49 A.D.3d at 804, 854 N.Y.S.2d 502;Tzanopoulos v. Tzanopoulos, 18 A.D.3d 464, 465, 795 N.Y.S.2d 254;Burgio v. Burgio, 278 A.D.2d 767, 770, 717 N.Y.S.2d 769).
*722 “The trial court is vested with broad discretion in making an equitable distribution of marital property, and unless it can be shown that the court improvidently exercised that discretion, its determination should not be disturbed” ( Saleh v. Saleh, 40 A.D.3d 617, 617–618, 836 N.Y.S.2d 201 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see Aloi v. Simoni, 82 A.D.3d 683, 685, 918 N.Y.S.2d 506). “Moreover, where, as here, the determination as to equitable distribution has been made after a nonjury trial, the evaluation of the credibility of the witness and the proffered items of evidence is committed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and its assessment of the credibility of witnesses and evidence is afforded great weight on appeal” ( Schwartz v. Schwartz, 67 A.D.3d 989, 990, 890 N.Y.S.2d 71;see Franco v. Franco, 97 A.D.3d 785, 786, 949 N.Y.S.2d 146). Here, there is no basis to disturb the Supreme Court's determinations regarding the equitable distribution of the parties' property. However, the Supreme Court improvidently exercised its discretion in awarding the defendant a credit against the proceeds of the sales of three marital properties for 100% of the amount he paid to reduce the mortgage principal on these properties during the pendency of the action. Since the mortgages are marital debt, to be shared equally by the parties ( see Epstein v. Messner, 73 A.D.3d 843, 845, 900 N.Y.S.2d 454), and “[g]enerally, it is the responsibility of both parties to maintain the marital residence and keep it in good repair during the pendency of a matrimonial action,” the defendant was entitled to only a 50% credit for the reduction in mortgage principal during the pendency of the action ( Le v. Le, 82 A.D.3d 845, 846, 918 N.Y.S.2d 561 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Judge v. Judge, 48 A.D.3d 424, 425–426, 851 N.Y.S.2d 639;Palumbo v. Palumbo, 10 A.D.3d 680, 682, 782 N.Y.S.2d 106;Litman v. Litman, 280 A.D.2d 520, 522, 721 N.Y.S.2d 84).
However, the Supreme Court erred when it awarded the plaintiff maintenance of only $48,000 per year. The defendant's account of his own finances was not believable, and thus, the Supreme Court was not bound by it ( see Cusumano v. Cusumano, 96 A.D.3d 988, 989, 947 N.Y.S.2d 175;Ivani v. Ivani, 303 A.D.2d 639, 757 N.Y.S.2d 89). Rather, given that the defendant's expenses, as outlined in his statement of net worth, exceeded his claimed income by more than $100,000, and that he operated a cash business, determined his own salary, and did not take any distributions from his business, the Supreme Court should have imputed an additional $100,000 in income to him ( see Ashmore v. Ashmore, 92 A.D.3d 817, 819, 939 N.Y.S.2d 504,cert. denied––– U.S. ––––, 133 S.Ct. 1642, 185 L.Ed.2d 625;see also Scammacca v. Scammacca, 15 A.D.3d 382, 790 N.Y.S.2d 482;Matter of Klein v. Klein, 251 A.D.2d 733, 735, 674 N.Y.S.2d 142). Considering that additional imputed income, along with the comfortable lifestyle the parties enjoyed during this 15–year marriage, the distribution of marital property, the health of the parties, and the plaintiff's ability to become self-supporting, the plaintiff is entitled to an award of maintenance in the sum of $6,000 per month for seven years ( seeDomestic Relations Law § 236[B][6][a]; Cusumano v. Cusumano, 96 A.D.3d at 989–990, 947 N.Y.S.2d 175;Lovece v. Lovece, 245 A.D.2d 345, 346–347, 665 N.Y.S.2d 436). However, the maintenance award was properly made taxable to the plaintiff ( see Baron v. Baron, 71 A.D.3d 807, 810, 897 N.Y.S.2d 456).
Similarly, in calculating child support pursuant to the Child Support Standards Act ( seeDomestic Relations Law § 240[1–b] ), the Supreme Court should have imputed an additional annual income of $100,000 to the defendant ( see Ashmore v. Ashmore, 92 A.D.3d at 819, 939 N.Y.S.2d 504;Cusumano v. Cusumano, 96 A.D.3d at 989, 947 N.Y.S.2d 175). The Supreme Court, however, properly imputed an annual income of $20,000 to the plaintiff, which “represent[ed] her past demonstrated earning capacity” ( DiFiore v. DiFiore, 87 A.D.3d 971, 974, 933 N.Y.S.2d 39;see Sotnik v. Zavilyansky, 101 A.D.3d 1102, 1103, 956 N.Y.S.2d 514;Mosso v. Mosso, 84 A.D.3d 757, 758–759, 924 N.Y.S.2d 394). As a result, taking into account the $72,000 award of maintenance, the parties' combined income is $210,195. An application of the statutory rate of 25% for the parties' two children results in a basic child support obligation of $52,548.75, and the defendant's pro rata share is $914.55 per week, which, because the parties' eldest child has since turned 21 during the pendency of this appeal, must be reduced to $621.89 ( seeDomestic Relations Law § 240[1–b][b][3][I] and [ii]; Beroza v. Hendler, 109 A.D.3d 498, 501–502, 970 N.Y.S.2d 313;Matter of Cancilla v. Cancilla, 22 A.D.3d 490, 491, 803 N.Y.S.2d 649).
The plaintiff moved pursuant to CPLR 4404(b), inter alia, to set aside certain portions of the decision and for a new trial. Since the motion was not made within 15 days after the decision, and the plaintiff failed to demonstrate good cause for the delay, the Supreme Court providently exercised its discretion in denying the motion as untimely ( seeCPLR 4405; Brzozowy v. ELRAC, Inc., 39 A.D.3d 451, 453, 833 N.Y.S.2d 590;cf. Ehrman v. Ehrman, 67 A.D.3d 955, 956, 889 N.Y.S.2d 652) and, in any event, correctly determined that the motion was improperly based on evidence known and accessible to the plaintiff but not introduced at the trial ( see Da Silva v. Savo, 97 A.D.3d 525, 526, 948 N.Y.S.2d 333;Grossbaum v. Dil–Hill Realty Corp., 58 A.D.2d 593, 594, 395 N.Y.S.2d 246;Stambaugh v. Stambaugh, 226 A.D.2d 363, 640 N.Y.S.2d 246;cf. Matter of Torregroza v. Gomez, 85 A.D.3d 932, 933, 925 N.Y.S.2d 159).
We agree with the defendant that the Supreme Court intended to make the plaintiff responsible for the carrying charges on the marital residence during her postjudgment period of exclusive occupancy, and we modify the judgment by specifically directing that the plaintiff is responsible for the carrying charges on the marital residence. However, the Supreme Court improvidently exercised its discretion in failing to award the plaintiff a credit against the proceeds of the sale of the marital residence for 100% of the amount she pays to reduce the mortgage principal from the date of the judgment until the sale of the marital residence ( see Markopoulos v. Markopoulos, 274 A.D.2d 457, 459, 710 N.Y.S.2d 636).
The parties' remaining contentions are without merit.