Opinion
A162420
07-08-2020
STATE of Oregon, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Jose Carlos PEREZ-CARDENAS, Defendant-Appellant.
Ernest G. Lannet, Chief Defender, Criminal Appellate Section, and Meredith Allen, Deputy Public Defender, Office of Public Defense Services, for motion.
Ernest G. Lannet, Chief Defender, Criminal Appellate Section, and Meredith Allen, Deputy Public Defender, Office of Public Defense Services, for motion.
Before DeVore, Presiding Judge, and DeHoog, Judge, and Aoyagi, Judge.
DEVORE, P. J. Defendant was convicted of one count of first-degree rape, ORS 163.375 (Count 1) and two counts of first-degree sexual abuse, ORS 163.427 (Counts 3 and 4). On appeal, we accepted his fourth assignment of error, concluded that the trial court erred by entering separate convictions on Counts 3 and 4, remanded for resentencing and entry of a judgment of conviction on one count of first-degree sexual abuse, but otherwise affirmed. State v. Perez-Cardenas , 296 Or. App. 881, 440 P.3d 121, rev. den. , 365 Or. 533, 451 P.3d 999 (2019). The Supreme Court did not accept review, nor decide any issue in the case that would now be preclusive. Nelson v. Emerald People's Util. Dist. , 318 Or. 99, 103, 862 P.2d 1293, 1296 (1993) ("Issue preclusion arises in a subsequent proceeding when an issue of ultimate fact has been determined by a valid and final determination in a prior proceeding.").
After review was denied, we granted defendant leave to file a supplemental brief. He has asserted supplemental assignments of errors involving a jury instruction on a nonunanimous verdict and the court's acceptance of nonunanimous jury verdicts on the three counts. After initially opposing defendant's arguments, the state concedes that, if the court exercises its discretion to reach plain error, the judgment should be reversed and remanded for new trial. Defendant moves that the court accept the state's concession.
The authority of the Supreme Court ends when it disposes of the review proceeding. ORAP 9.30(1). The Court of Appeals has authority to decide motions, if the case is not pending in the Supreme Court, and an appellate judgment has not issued. ORAP 9.30(2)(a).
In essence, defendant's motion to accept the state's concession, preceded by an order allowing supplemental briefing, seeks belated reconsideration of our decision. A party may seek reconsideration with a "claim that there has been a change in the statutes or case law since the decision of the Court of Appeals." ORAP 6.25(1)(c). Given the intervening change of constitutional law noted below, we find good cause to waive the 14-day time limitation on motions to reconsider, as we have done with other cases still within our jurisdiction in this most unusual circumstance. Pursuant to ORAP 1.20(5) and ORAP 6.25, we grant reconsideration and withdraw our former opinion.
The United State Supreme Court recently concluded that nonunanimous jury verdicts violate the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Ramos v. Louisiana , ––– U.S. ––––, 140 S. Ct. 1390, 206 L. Ed. 2d. 583 (2020). In State v. Ulery , 366 Or. 500, 504, 464 P.3d 1123 (2020), the Oregon Supreme Court concluded that a trial court's acceptance of a nonunanimous verdict constituted plain error and exercised discretion to correct that error in light of the gravity of the error and because failure to raise the issue in the trial court did not weigh heavily against correction as the trial court would not have been able to correct the error under controlling law.
Although an assignment of error should be asserted in a party's opening brief, ORAP 5.45(1), the rule may be waived for good cause under ORAP 1.20(5). In State v. Williams , 366 Or. 495, 466 P.3d 55 (2020), the court concluded that the significant change in the law announced in Ramos constituted good cause for waiver of the general rule. For the same reason, we do likewise; we consider defendant's additional assignments of error.
As in those cases, we conclude that the court's acceptance of a nonunanimous verdicts was plain error. We exercise our discretion to correct it. Because acceptance of the nonunanimous verdicts was error, defendant is entitled to a new trial.
Reconsideration allowed; former opinion withdrawn; reversed and remanded.