Summary
stating that inventory searches have been upheld where they serve three legitimate purposes: protecting the property of a person taken into custody; protecting police from potential dangers; and protecting police against claims for stolen or lost property
Summary of this case from Ahmad v. StateOpinion
A99A0446.
DECIDED: APRIL 22, 1999.
Inventory search. Gordon Superior Court. Before Judge Howell.
T. Joseph Campbell, District Attorney, Rebecca B. Paris, Assistant District Attorney, for appellant.
White Choate, Harold J. Choate III, for appellee.
Beverly Mae King was charged with shoplifting, theft by receiving, and giving a false name to a police officer. Enumerating two errors, the State appeals the grant of King's motion to suppress.
At the suppression hearing, Officer Ray C. West testified that at about 6:37 p.m., he responded to a report of a shoplifting incident at a Bass Outlet store in Calhoun. West intercepted King outside the store in possession of a leather pocketbook, identified as belonging to the store. Bass Outlet officials decided to prosecute King who lived in Atlanta. As West placed King into his patrol vehicle, she volunteered that she was "going to be on the level" and that she had not provided her correct name and other information to him. West then advised King that she was under arrest for giving a false name to a police officer and apprised her of the Miranda warnings. At this point, West told her he was going to inventory her vehicle because it had to be impounded and then asked whether her vehicle contained any stolen merchandise. She responded in the affirmative and told him that an accomplice who was with her had taken the merchandise. Neither King nor her friend were from the local area. An inventory search of King's vehicle revealed numerous items of new clothing concealed in two garbage bags. Held:
1. The State contends that because it had a right to impound King's vehicle, the trial court erred in granting King's motion to suppress the results of the inventory search conducted pursuant to that impoundment.
Where the evidence is uncontroverted and no question about the credibility of witnesses is presented, a trial court's application of law to the undisputed facts is subject to de novo appellate review. Vansant v. State, 264 Ga. 319, 320(1) ( 443 S.E.2d 474) (1994); State v. Haddock, 235 Ga. App. 726, 727(1) ( 510 S.E.2d 561) (1998).
The decisive evidentiary issue in cases involving inventory searches is the existence of reasonable circumstances rather than exigent circumstances. Waggoner v. State, 228 Ga. App. 148, 149(1) ( 491 S.E.2d 88) (1997); State v. Evans, 181 Ga. App. 422, 423-424(2) ( 352 S.E.2d 599) (1986). Inventory searches have been upheld where they serve the legitimate purpose of: (1) protecting the property of a person taken into custody; (2) protecting police from potential dangers; and (3) protecting police against claims for stolen or lost property. Williams v. State, 204 Ga. App. 372, 373 ( 419 S.E.2d 351) (1992). But where the impoundment is unreasonable then the resulting inventory search is invalid. State v. King, 191 Ga. App. 706, 707 ( 382 S.E.2d 613) (1989). Impoundment is not generally permissible when the driver is arrested but a reliable friend is present, authorized, and capable of safely removing the vehicle. Id.
In this case, the owner of the vehicle was under arrest, she had implicated her companion in criminal activity, and no one else remained to take custody of the car and remove it from the shopping center premises. See Evans v. State, 216 Ga. App. 21, 24(2) ( 453 S.E.2d 100) (1995). Although the officer did not inquire whether King could make other arrangements for the retrieval of her car, he was not required to do so. Williams, 204 Ga. App. at 373. West explained that it was standard procedure in circumstances like these, to inventory the vehicle and call in a wrecker in order to shield the department and the officer from liability.
After the lawful arrest of King, the police became responsible for timely safeguarding King's property, until it could be lawfully disposed of, in the ordinary course of police business. Jones v. State, 187 Ga. App. 421, 424 ( 370 S.E.2d 784) (1988); see Pierce v. State, 194 Ga. App. 481, 482 ( 391 S.E.2d 3) (1990). Impounding the vehicle served the dual purpose of protecting King's property and protecting police from potential claims for lost possessions. Waggoner, 228 Ga. App. at 149. Otherwise, to have left the vehicle unattended in a public lot near the close of business, with numerous property items in plain view, could have potentially exposed the police department to liability for property lost, damaged, or stolen from the vehicle. See Jones, 187 Ga. App. at 424.
2. In light of this holding, we need not address the State's remaining enumeration of error.
Judgment reversed. Blackburn, P.J., and Barnes, J., concur.