Opinion
No. 12-02-00240-CR.
Opinion delivered May 12, 2004. DO NOT PUBLISH.
Appeal from the 7th Judicial District Court of Smith County, Texas.
Panel consisted of WORTHEN, C.J. and GRIFFITH, J., DeVASTO, J., not particpating.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Tracy Todd Smith ("Appellant") was convicted by a jury of sexual assault. The trial court assessed punishment at imprisonment for six years. In one issue, Appellant contends that the evidence is both legally and factually insufficient to support his conviction. We affirm.
BACKGROUND
In June or July of 1999, after R.B. became involved in a romantic relationship with Appellant, R.B. and her daughter moved into an apartment with Appellant. On the afternoon of August 20, 1999, R.B. went to the apartment after work. Appellant, who had not spent the previous night in the apartment, came in "moments" after R.B. arrived. At the time Appellant arrived, R.B. was in the closet getting her "stuff" because she was leaving. She did not intend to continue the relationship.
Appellant found R.B. in the closet and, without provocation, slapped her. R.B. fell back and then got up. Appellant slapped her again and accused her of sleeping with someone else. She denied the allegation, and Appellant spat on her. To defend herself, R.B. started kicking Appellant, but stopped when Appellant grabbed her arms and starting hitting her harder. Appellant hit her across the face with his open hand between twenty and thirty times. He also choked her by putting both his hands around her neck and cutting off her air supply. This part of the assault lasted approximately twenty to thirty minutes. At some point during the assault, Appellant dragged R.B. out of the closet by her arms. When she tried to run, Appellant grabbed her by the throat. The next thing she knew, she was on the bed and Appellant was shaking her.
During the assault, R.B. told Appellant several times that she had not been "messing around." However, Appellant continued to hit and choke her and to tell her he was going to kill her. She finally told him he was right, believing that he would either kill her and get it over or calm down and let her go. She also began to apologize. Appellant then stopped choking her, lowered her pants, and proceeded to have sexual intercourse with her. She was still crying at the time. While Appellant was having intercourse with her, she kept telling him she was sorry, but did not fight him or state that she did not consent. This part of the assault ended with Appellant ejaculating on R.B.'s stomach.
Appellant immediately showered, and R.B. went to her parents' home to pick up her daughter. Upon her arrival there, she summoned the police and later went to the hospital. Subsequent to the police investigation, Appellant was arrested at his place of employment. He was charged by indictment with sexual assault. Appellant pleaded "not guilty," and the matter proceeded to a jury trial. The jury found Appellant guilty, and the trial court assessed punishment at imprisonment for six years. This appeal followed.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
In his sole issue on appeal, Appellant contends that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to sustain his conviction for sexual assault.
Legal Sufficiency
Legal sufficiency is the constitutional minimum required by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to sustain a criminal conviction. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 315-16, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2786-787, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); see also Escobedo v. State, 6 S.W.3d 1, 6 (Tex. App.-Antonio 1999, no pet.). The standard for reviewing a legal sufficiency challenge is whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 320, 99 S.Ct. at 2789; see also Johnson v. State, 871 S.W.2d 183, 186 (Tex.Crim.App. 1993). The evidence is examined in the light most favorable to the jury's verdict. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 320, 99 S.Ct. at 2789; Johnson, 871 S.W.2d at 186. A successful legal sufficiency challenge will result in rendition of an acquittal by the reviewing court. See Tibbs v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 41-42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 2217-218, 72 L.Ed.2d 652 (1982).
The sufficiency of the evidence is measured against the offense as defined by a hypothetically correct jury charge. See Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex.Crim.App. 1997). Such a charge would include one that "accurately sets out the law, is authorized by the indictment, does not unnecessarily increase the State's burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict the State's theories of liability, and adequately describes the particular offense for which the defendant is tried." Id.
A person commits the offense of sexual assault if he intentionally or knowingly causes the penetration of the sexual organ of another person without that person's consent. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 22.011(a)(1)(A) (Vernon Supp. 2004). Here, R.B. testified that Appellant had sexual intercourse with her without her consent. She also testified that she called the police immediately following the assault. This testimony, standing alone, is legally sufficient evidence to support the jury's verdict. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07 (Vernon Pamph. Supp. 2004) (uncorroborated testimony of victim will support conviction if victim informed any person, other than defendant, of offense within one year after date of alleged offense). Therefore, the jury could have found the essential elements of the charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt.
The version of section 22.011(a)(1)(A) in effect at the time of the charged offense provided that a person committed sexual assault by if he intentionally or knowingly caused the penetration of the female sexual organ of another person without that person's consent. TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 22.011(a)(1)(A) (Vernon 2003). The word "female" does not appear in the present version. Because the amendment did not change the substance of the statute, we refer to the present version for convenience.
Factual Sufficiency
In reviewing the factual sufficiency of the evidence, we must first assume that the evidence is legally sufficient under the Jackson standard. See Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126, 134 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996). We then consider all of the evidence in the record related to Appellant's sufficiency challenge, not just the evidence supporting the verdict. We review the evidence weighed by the jury which tends to prove the existence of the elemental fact in dispute, and compare it to the evidence which tends to disprove that fact. Santellan v. State, 939 S.W.2d 155, 164 (Tex.Crim.App. 1997). We are authorized to disagree with the jury's determination, even if probative evidence exists which supports the verdict. Clewis, 922 S.W.2d at 133. Our evaluation should not substantially intrude upon the jury's role as the sole judge of the weight and credibility of witness testimony. Santellan, 939 S.W.2d at 164. Where there is conflicting evidence, the jury's verdict on such matters is generally regarded as conclusive. See Van Zandt v. State, 932 S.W.2d 88, 96 (Tex. App.-El Paso 1996, pet. ref'd). Ultimately, we must ask whether a neutral review of all the evidence, both for and against the finding, demonstrates that the proof of guilt is so obviously weak as to undermine our confidence in the jury's determination, or the proof of guilt, although adequate if taken alone, is greatly outweighed by contrary proof. Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000). A verdict will be set aside "only if the evidence supporting guilt is so obviously weak, or the contrary evidence so overwhelmingly outweighs the supporting evidence, as to render the conviction clearly wrong and manifestly unjust." Ortiz v. State, 93 S.W.3d 79, 87 (Tex.Crim. App. 2002).
In the instant case, Appellant first calls our attention to R.B.'s statement, made in connection with obtaining a protective order, that Appellant finally calmed down and decided to have intercourse with her. According to Appellant, this contradicts R.B.'s trial testimony that she feared Appellant would harm her if she resisted having intercourse with him. Assuming arguendo that a conflict exists, we iterate that the jury's resolution of any conflicts in the evidence is generally regarded as conclusive. See Van Zandt, 932 S.W.2d at 96. The jury in this case resolved any perceived conflict in favor of R.B.
Appellant further argues that although R.B. testified Appellant threw her on the bed, shook her, and then threw her to the floor, the apartment was neat when the police arrived. However, R.B. testified that she left the apartment immediately following the assault and that Appellant was still at the apartment when she left. The jury could have reasonably concluded that Appellant straightened the apartment before the police arrived. Finally, Appellant concludes from the evidence that R.B. likely had sexual intercourse with someone other than Appellant near the time of the alleged offense. He bases his conclusion on the testimony of a DNA expert who testified for the State that he found semen, but no sperm, in R.B.'s vagina. Appellant contends that this result is inconsistent with R.B.'s allegation of a recent sexual assault. Therefore, his argument continues, it is at least plausible that R.B. lied about the sexual assault to seek revenge for the physical assault.
R.B. testified that Appellant ejaculated on her stomach and that she used a wash rag to clean herself after the assault. The DNA expert testified that Appellant's semen was present on a wash rag R.B. furnished for testing. However, Appellant explains that the sperm cells on the wash rag could have been from a prior sexual encounter with R.B. The jury is the sole judge of the weight and credibility of witness testimony. See Santellan, 939 S.W.2d at 164. Therefore, the jury was entitled to believe R.B.'s version of the events.
Our review of the record in the instant case, with consideration given to all of the evidence, both for and against the jury's verdict, has not revealed to us any evidence that causes us to conclude that the proof of guilt is so obviously weak or is otherwise so greatly outweighed by contrary proof so as to render Appellant's conviction clearly wrong or manifestly unjust. Therefore, the evidence is factually sufficient to support the jury's verdict.
CONCLUSION
The evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to support Appellant's conviction. We therefore overrule Appellant's sole issue and affirm the judgment of the trial court.