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In Powers v. Bryant, 309 Ark. 568, 832 S.W.2d 232 (1992), this court discussed the effect of expungement and rejected a "rigid constitutional interpretation" of the term, noting that under the federal expungement act, expungement "Actually removed the fact of a conviction."
Summary of this case from Davidson v. StateOpinion
No. 91-164
Opinion delivered June 8, 1992
1. JUDGMENT — DEFECTIVE JUDGMENT VOIDABLE UNTIL ACTUALLY ANNULLED. — When a judgment contains some defect that may become fatal and render it invalid, then it is only voidable, and until it is actually annulled, it has all the force and effect of a perfectly valid judgment. 2. JUDGMENT — PRESUMPTIVE VERITY. — Absent allegations of fraud or lack of jurisdiction, a judgment entered by a circuit court bears presumptive verity and may not be questioned by collateral attack. 3. JUDGMENT — COLLATERAL ATTACK — WHEN SUCCESSFUL. — If the action or proceeding has an independent purpose and contemplates some other relief or result, although the overturning of the judgment may be important or even necessary to its success, then the proceeding is a collateral attack, which will be successful only upon showing a lack of power. 4. JUDGMENT — COLLATERAL ATTACK ON CORAM NOBIS JUDGMENT — ATTACK FAILED. — Where a judge granted a petition for a writ of error coram nobis to void a fifty-year-old felony conviction because petitioner had not been informed of his right to counsel prior the entry of his guilty plea, and the collateral attack on the coram nobis proceeding involved a question of law that could have been raised on an appeal of that proceeding, but did not allege either fraud or lack of jurisdiction, the argument was rejected. 5. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — ELIGIBILITY TO HOLD OFFICE — EFFECT OF EXPUNGED CONVICTION — FACT OF CONVICTION REMOVED. — Expungement of a conviction removes the fact of a conviction for purposes of Ark. Const. art. 5, 9, dealing with a citizen's constitutional eligibility to hold public office. 6. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — PRIOR FELONY CONVICTION EXPUNGED — OFFICIAL ELIGIBLE TO HOLD PUBLIC OFFICE. — Where a man had his 1932 conviction for burglary and grand larceny declared null and void in a writ of error coram nobis action before a circuit judge, there was no constitutional violation in the man's holding public office.
Appeal from Pulaski Circuit Court; David B. Bogard, Judge; affirmed.
Griffin Smith, for appellant.
Winston Bryant, Att'y Gen., by: Jeanette L. Hamilton, Asst. Att'y Gen., for appellee.
Appellant Kerm Powers appeals the denial of his petition for a writ of mandamus directing appellee Attorney General Winston Bryant to prosecute an action to remove Altus "Shorty" Doshier from Doshier's office as mayor of Yellville, Arkansas. Appellant argues that Ark. Const. art. 5, 9 prohibits Doshier from holding office because Doshier was convicted in 1932 of the crimes of burglary and grand larceny.
On August 17, 1932, Doshier pled guilty to the offenses of burglary and grand larceny. Doshier was seventeen at the time, and served seventy-six days confinement in the Arkansas Boys' Industrial School. More than fifty years later, on May 1, 1984, Doshier filed a petition for writ of error in the circuit court of Marion County. The basis of Doshier's petition was his assertion that he was not informed of the right to counsel at the time he entered his guilty plea in 1932. On July 29, 1985, the Honorable John Lineberger granted Doshier a writ of error coram nobis setting aside Doshier's 1932 convictions and declaring the 1932 convictions "null and void." Judge Lineberger further ordered the reinvestment of all Doshier's rights of which he was deprived or could have been deprived because of the 1932 felony conviction. Finally, Judge Lineberger ordered the sealing of the record containing the coram nobis proceedings.
On November 8, 1990, appellant Powers filed this petition for mandamus in Pulaski County Circuit Court. Powers alleged that Doshier's 1932 convictions rendered Doshier ineligible to hold public office under Ark. Const. art. 5, 9. This constitutional provision prohibits convicted felons from "holding any office or trust or profit in this state." The trial court denied Powers' petition on the basis that Powers petition constituted an impermissible collateral attack on the order entered by Judge Lineberger in the earlier coram nobis proceeding. We affirm.
The order entered by Judge Lineberger in the coram nobis proceeding explicitly declared Doshier's 1932 convictions "null and void." The order also contained language reinvesting Doshier with any rights of which he was deprived because of the convictions. Appellant Powers challenges Judge Lineberger's order and urges us to hold that he is entitled to a writ of mandamus because Judge Lineberger's order granting the writ of error coram nobis is a "void" order. According to appellant, Judge Lineberger's order is "void" because the order is contrary to the standard set out in Troglin v. State, 257 Ark. 644, 519 S.W.2d 740 (1975) for when the granting of a writ of error coram nobis is proper. Appellant argues that Judge Lineberger's action in granting the writ was "so blatant as to be literally ultra vires." He further argues that the collateral attack rule should not prohibit us from reviewing Judge Lineberger's coram nobis order because a constitutional issue is at stake.
[1-3] We disagree with appellant's assertion that the order entered by Judge Lineberger is a void order. When a judgment contains some defect which may become fatal and render it invalid, then it is only voidable, and until it is actually annulled, it has all the force and effect of a perfectly valid judgment. McDaniel v. Fort Smith W. R.R. Co., 105 Ark. 5, 150 S.W. 135 (1912). Absent allegations of fraud or lack of jurisdiction, a judgment entered by a circuit court bears presumptive verity and may not be questioned by collateral attack. Adams v. Van Buren County, 200 Ark. 269, 139 S.W.2d 9 (1940). If the action or proceeding has an independent purpose and contemplates some other relief or result, although the overturning of the judgment may be important or even necessary to its success, then the proceeding is a collateral attack, which will be successful only upon showing a lack of power. Pinkston v. Schuman, 210 Ark. 896, 198 S.W.2d 66 (1946).
In this case, appellant's petition for a writ of mandamus depends largely on the overturning or impeachment of the order entered by Judge Lineberger in the coram nobis proceeding. However, the alleged defect in the coram nobis proceeding involves a question of law which could have been raised by the state on an appeal of that proceeding. As appellant does not allege either fraud or lack of jurisdiction in his collateral attack on the coram nobis proceeding, we reject his voidness argument and will presume that the writ of error coram nobis was properly granted. The question then becomes whether Ark. Const. art. 5, 9 prohibits a citizen with a "null and void" expunged felony conviction from holding public office in this state.
Appellant argues that the mere "fact" of a prior conviction, regardless of whether the conviction has been expunged or voided, renders a citizen constitutionally ineligible to hold public office under art. 5, 9. Appellant cites no authority to support his rigid constitutional interpretation, and we reject this argument based on the reasoning recently set out in Tyler v. Shackleford, 303 Ark. 662, 799 S.W.2d 789 (1990). In the Tyler case, we discussed the legal effect of expunction under the Federal Youth Corrections Act, and relied on decisions of the Fifth and Sixth Circuits holding that expungement under the federal act actually removed the fact of a conviction. We adopted the reasoning of the Fifth Circuit in holding that following a discharge under the federal act, "the disabilities of a criminal conviction are completely and automatically removed; indeed, the conviction is set aside as if it had never been." Id. at 665, 799 S.W.2d at 790, quoting United States v. Arrington, 618 F.2d 1119 (5th Cir. 1980).
While appellant attempts to distinguish Tyler by pointing out that the Tyler case dealt with the effect of expunction under a federal law, we find the distinction irrelevant for purposes of this case. Judge Lineberger's order granting the writ of error coram nobis clearly stated that Doshier's 1932 convictions were "null and void." As Judge Lineberger's order manifested an intent to set aside Doshier's conviction as if it had never occurred, we find no constitutional violation in Doshier's holding of public office.
Accordingly, we affirm the denial of appellant's petition.
Special Justice John C. DEACON joins in this opinion.
HOLT, C.J., and BROWN, J., not participating.
HAYS, J., and Special Chief Justice James A. McLARTY, III, dissent.