Opinion
2013-07-5
PINNACLE CHARTER SCHOOL, William A. Preston, as Parent and Natural Guardian of William A. Preston, Jr. and Deondra Preston, Infants, Tamera Hood, as Parent and Natural Guardian of Jaylin Johnson, an Infant, Zakea Williams, as Parent and Natural Guardian of Teara Williams, Tyree Williams and Antoine Rushing, Jr., Infants, and Erika Watkins, as Parent and Natural Guardian of Diona Lynne Watkins, an Infant, Plaintiffs–Respondents–Appellants, v. BOARD OF REGENTS OF the UNIVERSITY OF the STATE OF NEW YORK, New York State Education Department and John B. King, Jr., in his Capacity as Commissioner of Education, Defendants–Appellants–Respondents.
Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General, Albany (Robert M. Goldfarb of Counsel), for Defendants–Appellants–Respondents. Rupp, Baase, Pfalzgraf, Cunningham & Coppola LLC, Buffalo (Lisa A. Coppola of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Respondents–Appellants.
Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General, Albany (Robert M. Goldfarb of Counsel), for Defendants–Appellants–Respondents.Rupp, Baase, Pfalzgraf, Cunningham & Coppola LLC, Buffalo (Lisa A. Coppola of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Respondents–Appellants.
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., PERADOTTO, LINDLEY, VALENTINO, AND MARTOCHE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
In April 2012 defendant Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York (Board of Regents) denied the application of plaintiff Pinnacle Charter School (Pinnacle) to renew its charter to operate a charter school in the City of Buffalo. Pinnacle and the individual plaintiffs, parents of infant children enrolled at Pinnacle, commenced this action seeking, inter alia, judgment declaring that the action of the Board of Regents was unconstitutional, and preliminary and permanent injunctions enjoining defendants from enforcing the denial of the renewal application and permitting Pinnacle to continue operating as an authorized charter school. Plaintiffs allege, inter alia, that the decision of the Board of Regents was made in violation of their rights to due process, the requirements of the State Administrative Procedure Act and the rights of the individual plaintiffs' children to a sound basic education under the Education Article of the State Constitution (N.Y. Const., art. XI, § 1). Plaintiffs further allege that Education Law § 2852(6) is unconstitutional to the extent that it limits judicial and administrative review of the Board of Regents' action. Finally, plaintiffs allege that employees of defendant New York State Education Department (Department) negligently misrepresented that Pinnacle's charter would likely be renewed and the school would remain open at the same time that the Department was preparing its recommendation to deny Pinnacle's application to renew its charter and close the school.
Supreme Court erred in granting plaintiffs' motion seeking a preliminary injunction enjoining enforcement of the Board of Regents' determination denying Pinnacle's application to renew its charter and permitting Pinnacle to operate as an authorized charter school, inasmuch as plaintiffs failed to demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits with respect to any of their claims ( see Doe v. Axelrod, 73 N.Y.2d 748, 750–751, 536 N.Y.S.2d 44, 532 N.E.2d 1272). To the contrary, the evidence establishes conclusively that plaintiffs have no cause of action. Thus, although the court properly granted defendants' cross motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action to the extent that it sought dismissal of the fourth cause of action, for negligent misrepresentation, we conclude that the court should have granted defendants' cross motion in its entirety and dismissed the complaint ( see generally Kaufman v. International Bus. Machs. Corp., 97 A.D.2d 925, 926–927, 470 N.Y.S.2d 720,affd.61 N.Y.2d 930, 474 N.Y.S.2d 721, 463 N.E.2d 37). We therefore modify the order accordingly.
The first and second causes of action allege, respectively, that the determination of the Board of Regents violated Pinnacle's due process rights under the State Constitution (N.Y. Const., art. I, § 6) and the Federal Constitution (U.S. Const., 14th Amend., § 1). We agree with defendants that the New York Charter Schools Act (Education Law art. 56) creates no constitutionally protected property interest in the renewal of a charter and thus that the first and second causes of action fail to state a cause of action ( see Matter of New Covenant Charter School Educ. Faculty Assn. v. Board of Trustees of the State Univ. of N.Y., 30 Misc.3d 1205[A], 2010N.Y. Slip Op. 52287[U], *2, 2010 WL 5468692 [Sup. Ct., Albany County 2010]; see generally Board of Regents of State Colls. v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 33 L.Ed.2d 548). Moreover, we note that Pinnacle's charter expressly provided that “[n]othing herein shall require the [Board of] Regents to approve a Renewal Application.” Contrary to Pinnacle's further allegation, the limitation on administrative review set forth in Education Law § 2852(6) does not effect an unconstitutional denial of due process inasmuch as Pinnacle has no constitutional right to an administrative appeal ( see Matter of Wong v. Coughlin, 138 A.D.2d 899, 901, 526 N.Y.S.2d 640). Absent any indication that the Board of Regents acted illegally, unconstitutionally or in excess of its jurisdiction, moreover, the limitation on judicial review does not implicate Pinnacle's due process rights ( see Matter of New York City Dept. of Envtl. Protection v. New York City Civ. Serv. Commn., 78 N.Y.2d 318, 323–324, 574 N.Y.S.2d 664, 579 N.E.2d 1385).
Contrary to the court's conclusion with respect to the third cause of action, alleging violation of the State Administrative Procedure Act, we agree with defendants that the Board of Regents was acting pursuant to its discretionary authority when it denied Pinnacle's renewal application, and it was not required to promulgate any rules pursuant to article 2 of the State Administrative Procedure Act with respect to its exercise of such authority ( see generally Matter of Alca Indus. v. Delaney, 92 N.Y.2d 775, 777–778, 686 N.Y.S.2d 356, 709 N.E.2d 97). Plaintiffs' contention that the Department's guidelines for charter renewal applications must be promulgated as rules pursuant to State Administrative Procedure Act § 202 was improperly raised for the first time in their reply papers ( see Keitel v. Kurtz, 54 A.D.3d 387, 391, 866 N.Y.S.2d 195;Sanz v. Discount Auto, 10 A.D.3d 395, 395, 780 N.Y.S.2d 763). In any event, that contention lacks merit inasmuch as the guidelines are excluded from the Act's rulemaking requirement ( see § 102[2][b] [iv] ). The charter renewal process, moreover, is not an “adjudicatory proceeding” within the meaning of State Administrative Procedure Act § 102(3), and thus the requirements of section 301(3) are inapplicable.
With respect to the fifth cause of action, even assuming, arguendo, that the individual plaintiffs have standing to allege a violation of the Education Article on behalf of their children enrolled at Pinnacle based upon the alleged failure of the Buffalo School District to offer a sound basic education, we also agree with defendants that plaintiffs fail to state a cause of action for such violation ( see generally Paynter v. State of New York, 100 N.Y.2d 434, 439, 765 N.Y.S.2d 819, 797 N.E.2d 1225). In any event, the renewal of Pinnacle's charter would not remedy the alleged violation of the Education Article.
Finally, with respect to plaintiffs' cross appeal, we conclude that the court properly granted that part of defendants' cross motion seeking dismissal of the fourth cause of action, for negligent misrepresentation, inasmuch as plaintiffs did not have a special or privity-like relationship with the Department such that it was required to impart correct information to plaintiffs ( see Mandarin Trading Ltd. v. Wildenstein, 16 N.Y.3d 173, 180, 919 N.Y.S.2d 465, 944 N.E.2d 1104;Sample v. Yokel, 94 A.D.3d 1413, 1414–1415, 943 N.Y.S.2d 694).
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by denying plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction, vacating the preliminary injunction, and granting defendants' cross motion in its entirety and dismissing the complaint, and as modified the order is affirmed without costs.