Opinion
2018-2324 D CR
11-05-2020
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Christine M. VOGT, Appellant.
Michael S. Pollok, for appellant. Dutchess County District Attorney (Kirsten A. Rappleyea of counsel), for respondent.
Michael S. Pollok, for appellant.
Dutchess County District Attorney (Kirsten A. Rappleyea of counsel), for respondent.
PRESENT: TERRY JANE RUDERMAN, J.P., BRUCE E. TOLBERT, ELIZABETH H. EMERSON, JJ.
ORDERED that the judgment of conviction is affirmed.
Defendant was charged in a simplified traffic information with using a portable electronic device while operating a motor vehicle ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d [1] ). A supporting deposition was provided to defendant contemporaneously with the issuance of the uniform traffic ticket. Following a nonjury trial, the Justice Court found defendant guilty as charged and imposed a fine. On appeal, defendant contends that the simplified traffic information was facially insufficient, that the evidence at trial was legally insufficient, and that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence.
A simplified traffic information is sufficient on its face when it substantially conforms to the form prescribed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles (see CPL 100.25 [1] ; 100.40 [2]; People v. Anand , 65 Misc. 3d 151[A], 2019 N.Y. Slip Op. 51875[U], 2019 WL 6335091 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2019] ; People v. Ferro , 22 Misc. 3d 7, 871 N.Y.S.2d 814 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2008] ). Additionally, pursuant to CPL 100.25 (2), if a supporting deposition of a complainant police officer is provided, it must contain allegations of fact, based either upon personal knowledge or upon information and belief, providing reasonable cause to believe that the defendant committed the offense or offenses charged (see People v. Hohmeyer , 70 N.Y.2d 41, 42-44, 517 N.Y.S.2d 448, 510 N.E.2d 317 [1987] ; People v. Key , 45 N.Y.2d 111, 116-117, 408 N.Y.S.2d 16, 379 N.E.2d 1147 [1978] ; People v. Delprete , 62 Misc. 3d 128[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51872[U], 2018 WL 6682609 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2018] ). However, since a defendant charged with a traffic infraction can be prosecuted by a simplified traffic information alone, and, thus, without any facts providing reasonable cause, the absence of a factual allegation in a supporting deposition is not a jurisdictional defect and can be waived (see People v. Beattie , 80 N.Y.2d 840, 587 N.Y.S.2d 585, 600 N.E.2d 216 [1992] ; Key , 45 N.Y.2d at 116-117, 408 N.Y.S.2d 16, 379 N.E.2d 1147 ; People v. Patrizio , 62 Misc. 3d 130[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51901[U], 2018 WL 6802288 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2018] ; People v. Hakim , 60 Misc 3d 137[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51112[U], 2018 WL 3468872 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2018] ). Here, although defendant had received a supporting deposition simultaneously with the uniform traffic ticket charging her with a violation of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d, she does not contest the facial sufficiency of the supporting deposition, which claim, in any event, was waived by her failure to move before trial to dismiss the simplified traffic information based upon that ground (see Key , 45 N.Y.2d at 116, 408 N.Y.S.2d 16, 379 N.E.2d 1147 ; Hakim , 60 Misc. 3d 137[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51112[U] ; People v. Kelleher , 39 Misc. 3d 149[A], 2013 N.Y. Slip Op. 50948[U], 2013 WL 2915798 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2013] ; cf. Delprete , 62 Misc. 3d 128[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51872[U] ). Defendant's facial insufficiency argument therefore is only reviewable with respect to the simplified traffic information itself (see Key , 45 N.Y.2d 111, 408 N.Y.S.2d 16, 379 N.E.2d 1147 ). As the simplified traffic information designated the offense charged, substantially conformed to the form prescribed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, and provided the court with adequate information to establish that it had jurisdiction to hear the case (see CPL 100.25, 100.40 [2] ; Key , 45 N.Y.2d at 115, 408 N.Y.S.2d 16, 379 N.E.2d 1147 ; People v. Long , 44 Misc. 3d 126[A], 2014 N.Y. Slip Op. 50949[U], 2014 WL 2863743 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2014] ), it was sufficient on its face and, thus, not jurisdictionally defective (see Patrizio , 62 Misc. 3d 130[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51901[U] ). With respect to defendant's legal insufficiency claim, it is preserved for appellate review since she moved to dismiss the charge based on the same ground at trial (see CPL 470.05 [2] ; People v. Gray , 86 N.Y.2d 10, 19, 629 N.Y.S.2d 173, 652 N.E.2d 919 [1995] ). Insofar as is relevant to this appeal, Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d (1) provides that "no person shall operate a motor vehicle while using any portable electronic device while such vehicle is in motion." A "portable electronic device" is defined as including a "hand-held mobile telephone" ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d [2] [a] ). Additionally, "[a] person who holds a portable electronic device in a conspicuous manner while operating a motor vehicle ... is presumed to be using such device ... [and t]he presumption established by this subdivision is rebuttable by evidence tending to show that the operator was not using the device within the meaning of this section" ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d [4] ). Here, the trooper testified at trial that he had observed defendant operating a motor vehicle with her right hand while holding a flat black cell phone horizontally in her left hand, with her palm up, which was positioned between the driver's window and the steering wheel. Although he could not state what defendant was doing with the phone at the time he observed her holding it, the trooper's testimony was legally sufficient to invoke the presumption that defendant was impermissibly operating a motor vehicle while using a portable electronic device while her vehicle was in motion (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d [1], [4] ; Hakim , 60 Misc. 3d 137[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51112[U] ; People v. Agbimson , 51 Misc. 3d 150[A], 2016 N.Y. Slip Op. 50842[U], 2016 WL 3083319 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2016] ).
Pursuant to the statute, the burden was then on defendant to rebut that presumption by demonstrating that she was not using such a device within the meaning of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d (2) (b) (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d[4] ; People v. Scheck , 65 Misc. 3d 131[A], 2019 N.Y. Slip Op. 51571[U], 2019 WL 5058572 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2019] ), and the court did not impermissibly shift the burden of proof to defendant to prove that she was not using the device within the meaning of the statute (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1225-d [4] ). Whether defendant sufficiently rebutted the presumption is, in essence, a credibility determination (see People v. Lane , 7 N.Y.3d 888, 890, 826 N.Y.S.2d 599, 860 N.E.2d 61 [2006] ; People v. Romero , 7 N.Y.3d 633, 644-645, 826 N.Y.S.2d 163, 859 N.E.2d 902 [2006] ; Hakim , 60 Misc. 3d 137[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51112[U] ; People v. Devaul , 60 Misc. 3d 130[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 50993[U], 2018 WL 3189455 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2018] ), and, here, since defendant's testimony completely conflicted with that of the trooper, and the Justice Court found the trooper's testimony to be "credible," it was entitled not to believe defendant (see Matter of Snitow v. New York State Dept. of Motor Vehs. , 121 A.D.3d 1008, 996 N.Y.S.2d 55 [2014] ). Consequently, viewing the evidence adduced at trial in the light most favorable to the People (see People v. Contes , 60 N.Y.2d 620, 621, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932 [1983] ), we find that it was legally sufficient to support the conviction (see Hakim , 60 Misc. 3d 137[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51112[U] ; Agbimson , 51 Misc. 3d 150[A], 2016 N.Y. Slip Op. 50842[U] ). Upon an independent review of the record, while according great deference to the factfinder's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear their testimony, and observe their demeanor (see Lane , 7 N.Y.3d at 890, 826 N.Y.S.2d 599, 860 N.E.2d 61 [2006] ; People v. Bleakley , 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 [1987] ), we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt was not against the weight of the evidence (see Scheck , 65 Misc. 3d 131[A], 2019 N.Y. Slip Op. 51571[U] ; Hakim , 60 Misc. 3d 137[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 51112[U] ; Devaul , 60 Misc. 3d 130[A], 2018 N.Y. Slip Op. 50993[U] ; Agbimson , 51 Misc. 3d 150[A], 2016 N.Y. Slip Op. 50842[U] ).
Accordingly, the judgment of conviction is affirmed.
RUDERMAN, J.P., TOLBERT and EMERSON, JJ., concur.