Opinion
11-03-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Roy SCIPPIO, Appellant.
Neal D. Futerfas, White Plains, for appellant. D. Holley Carnright, District Attorney, Kingston (Joan Gudesblatt Lamb of counsel), for respondent.
Neal D. Futerfas, White Plains, for appellant.
D. Holley Carnright, District Attorney, Kingston (Joan Gudesblatt Lamb of counsel), for respondent.
Before: McCARTHY, J.P., GARRY, DEVINE, CLARK and MULVEY, JJ.
CLARK, J.Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Ulster County (Williams, J.), rendered August 19, 2013, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree.
In the early morning hours of July 16, 2011, Leon Peters (hereinafter the victim) was shot in the arm as he was walking towards Kennedy Fried Chicken in the City of Kingston, Ulster County. The ensuing investigation led to defendant being identified as a person of interest and, upon being questioned by the police, defendant confessed to having shot the victim on the night in question. Defendant was thereafter indicted on the charges of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, assault in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree. Defendant unsuccessfully moved to suppress his confession and, following a jury trial, he was convicted of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, but acquitted on the charge of assault in the second degree. Defendant was sentenced, as a second felony offender, to an aggregate prison term of 13 years, followed by five years of postrelease supervision. Defendant appeals, and we affirm.
To begin, we find no merit to defendant's argument that County Court erred in denying his motion to suppress the oral statements he made to law enforcement. At the suppression hearing, a detective involved in the investigation of the shooting and another member of the Kingston Police Department testified that they located defendant at a particular residence and that defendant voluntarily agreed to go to the police station for questioning, without ever requesting counsel. The detective testified that, before defendant made the incriminating statements, he read defendant his Miranda rights from a prepared card and defendant understood and waived those rights and agreed to speak with him without an attorney. The detective asserted that, after defendant made several admissionsto him, he and another detective reinterviewed defendant and that this second interview, which was recorded and viewed by the court, was preceded by a readministration of defendant's Miranda rights, which he again waived. County Court expressly credited this testimony, which supported its determination that the People proved beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant's admissions were made after he knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived his Miranda rights (see People v. Kidd, 112 A.D.3d 994, 996–997, 976 N.Y.S.2d 309 [2013], lv. denied 23 N.Y.3d 1039, 993 N.Y.S.2d 253, 17 N.E.3d 508 [2014] ; People v. Westervelt, 47 A.D.3d 969, 971–972, 850 N.Y.S.2d 226 [2008], lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 818, 857 N.Y.S.2d 51, 886 N.E.2d 816 [2008] ; People v. Baker, 27 A.D.3d 1006, 1008, 811 N.Y.S.2d 803 [2006], lv. denied 7 N.Y.3d 785, 821 N.Y.S.2d 814, 854 N.E.2d 1278 [2006] ). Accordingly, County Court properly denied defendant's motion to suppress his statements.
We note that, unlike at trial, defendant did not present any evidence at the suppression hearing to support his claim that he invoked his right to counsel prior to arriving at the police station.
We next address defendant's assertion that his convictions are not supported by legally sufficient evidence and are also against the weight of the evidence. Although defendant's general motion to dismiss did not preserve his challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting his convictions (see People v. Gray, 86 N.Y.2d 10, 20, 629 N.Y.S.2d 173, 652 N.E.2d 919 [1995] ; People v. Junior, 119 A.D.3d 1228, 1229, 990 N.Y.S.2d 689 [2014], lv. denied 24 N.Y.3d 1044, 998 N.Y.S.2d 314, 23 N.E.3d 157 [2014] ), in the course of our weight of the evidence review, we necessarily evaluate whether the elements of the challenged crimes were proven beyond a reasonable doubt (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 348–349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 [2007] ; People v. Williams, 138 A.D.3d 1233, 1234, 29 N.Y.S.3d 647 [2016], lvs. denied 28 N.Y.3d 932, 40 N.Y.S.3d 360, 63 N.E.3d 80 28 N.Y.3d 939, 40 N.Y.S.3d 366, 63 N.E.3d 86 [2016] ). Where, as here, a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, we “ ‘weigh the relative probative force of conflicting testimony and the relative strength of conflicting inferences that may be drawn from the testimony’ ” (People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 [1987], quoting People ex rel. MacCracken v. Miller, 291 N.Y. 55, 62, 50 N.E.2d 542 [1943] ). As relevant here, a person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree when he or she knowingly possesses any loaded firearm outside of his or her home or place of business (see Penal Law § 265.03[3] ). Additionally, a person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree when he or she knowingly possesses any firearm and he or she has been previously convicted of any crime (see Penal Law §§ 265.02[1] ; 265.01[1] ). A defendant “may not be convicted of any offense solely upon evidence of a confession or admission made by him [or her] without additional proof that the offense charged has been committed” (CPL 60.50 ; see People v. McGee, 20 N.Y.3d 513, 517, 964 N.Y.S.2d 73, 986 N.E.2d 907 [2013] ). This statutory corroboration requirement is satisfied by “ ‘some proof, of whatever weight,’ that the offense charged has in fact been committed by someone” (People v. Booden, 69 N.Y.2d 185, 187, 513 N.Y.S.2d 87, 505 N.E.2d 598 [1987], quoting People v. Daniels, 37 N.Y.2d 624, 629, 376 N.Y.S.2d 436, 339 N.E.2d 139 [1975] ; accord People v. Cole, 24 A.D.3d 1021, 1024, 807 N.Y.S.2d 166 [2005], lv. denied 6 N.Y.3d 832, 814 N.Y.S.2d 80, 847 N.E.2d 377 [2006] ) and “does not mandate submission of independent evidence of every component of the crime charged” (People v. Chico, 90 N.Y.2d 585, 589, 665 N.Y.S.2d 5, 687 N.E.2d 1288 [1997] ; People v. Guillery, 260 A.D.2d 661, 661, 688 N.Y.S.2d 274 [1999], lv. denied 93 N.Y.2d 971, 695 N.Y.S.2d 57, 716 N.E.2d 1102 [1999] ).
As alleged in a special information attached to the indictment, defendant admitted prior to trial that he had been previously convicted of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree and, thus, that element of the crime was established (see CPL 200.60[3][a] ; People v. Ward, 141 A.D.3d 853, 859, 35 N.Y.S.3d 557 n2 [2016] ).
At trial, the jury heard defendant's audiotaped confession that he possessed a .38 caliber revolver and shot the victim on the evening in question outside of Kennedy Fried Chicken. The investigating detective testified that defendant made the incriminating statements after having been informed of his Miranda rights and having waived those rights and that at no point did defendant request an attorney. Defendant's confession was corroborated by the victim's testimony that he was shot while walking towards Kennedy Fried Chicken, as well as testimonial evidence placing defendant outside of the restaurant at the time of the shooting (see People v. Booden, 69 N.Y.2d at 187, 513 N.Y.S.2d 87, 505 N.E.2d 598 ; People v. Baltes, 75 A.D.3d 656, 659, 904 N.Y.S.2d 554 [2010], lv. denied 15 N.Y.3d 918, 913 N.Y.S.2d 645, 939 N.E.2d 811 [2010] ) and the detective's testimony that a .38 caliber revolver does not eject shell casings, instead keeping them within the cylinder, and that no shell casings were found at the scene (see People v. Hawkins, 110 A.D.3d 1242, 1243, 973 N.Y.S.2d 437 [2013], lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1041, 981 N.Y.S.2d 374, 4 N.E.3d 386 [2013] ; People v. Thompson, 75 A.D.3d 760, 764, 904 N.Y.S.2d 797 [2010], lv. denied 15 N.Y.3d 896, 912 N.Y.S.2d 584, 938 N.E.2d 1019 [2010] ). Although at trial defendant contested the voluntariness of his confession through his cross-examination of the People's witnesses and by offering the testimony of his girlfriend's mother that he had repeatedly invoked his right to counsel prior to giving his statement, the jury clearly rejected defendant's version of events. Inasmuch as the People proved the voluntariness of defendant's statements beyond a reasonable doubt and those statements were sufficiently corroborated, and according appropriate deference to the jury's credibility determinations (see People v. Lind, 133 A.D.3d 914, 917, 18 N.Y.S.3d 786 [2015], lv. denied 27 N.Y.3d 1153, 39 N.Y.S.3d 387, 62 N.E.3d 127 [2016] ), we are satisfied that the verdict was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Hawkins, 110 A.D.3d at 1243, 973 N.Y.S.2d 437 ; People v. Johnson, 79 A.D.3d 1264, 1266, 911 N.Y.S.2d 713 [2010], lv. denied 16 N.Y.3d 832, 921 N.Y.S.2d 196, 946 N.E.2d 184 [2011] ).
Defendant also argues that County Court should have granted his request for a jury charge instructing that, if the jury were to find that he had requested an attorney before making incriminating statements to law enforcement, then his statements were taken in violation of his constitutional right to counsel. Through his cross-examination of the detective and his presentation of testimonial evidence that he had repeatedly invoked his right to counsel prior to questioning, defendant placed the voluntariness of his confession in issue, and County Court therefore properly charged the jury on that matter (see CPL 710.70[3] ; People v. Griswold, 58 N.Y.2d 633, 635, 458 N.Y.S.2d 513, 444 N.E.2d 977 [1982] ; People v. Maddox, 198 A.D.2d 804, 804, 605 N.Y.S.2d 1014 [1993], lv. denied 82 N.Y.2d 898, 610 N.Y.S.2d 165, 632 N.E.2d 475 [1993] ). Defendant, however, was not entitled to a further charge regarding his alleged invocation of his constitutional right to counsel, as that question involves a legal determination to be resolved by the trial court, not the jury (see CJI2d[N.Y.] Statements [Admissions, Confessions] n3; People v. Dawson, 166 A.D.2d 808, 810, 562 N.Y.S.2d 813 [1990], lv. denied 77 N.Y.2d 876, 568 N.Y.S.2d 919, 571 N.E.2d 89 [1991] ; People v. Medina, 146 A.D.2d 344, 350, 541 N.Y.S.2d 355 [1989], affd. 76 N.Y.2d 331, 559 N.Y.S.2d 474, 558 N.E.2d 1011 [1990] ; see also People v. Ridgeway, 59 A.D.3d 1111, 1112, 872 N.Y.S.2d 834 [2009], lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 820, 881 N.Y.S.2d 28, 908 N.E.2d 936 [2009] ). Accordingly, County Court properly denied defendant's request for a jury charge specifically addressing his right to counsel.
Although County Court had completed its charge, contrary to County Court's determination, defendant's request was not untimely, as the court had an ample opportunity to address the request and the jury had yet to retire to deliberations (see CPL 300.10[5] ; 470.05[2]; People v. Mariano, 101 A.D.3d 1367, 1368, 956 N.Y.S.2d 291 [2012] ; People v. Sztuk, 126 A.D.2d 950, 950, 511 N.Y.S.2d 720 [1987], lv. denied 69 N.Y.2d 887, 515 N.Y.S.2d 1036, 507 N.E.2d 1106 [1987] ; People v. Lewis, 116 A.D.2d 16, 19, 499 N.Y.S.2d 709 [1986] ).
Defendant's remaining contentions require little discussion. His failure to raise timely and specific objections at trial renders his claims of prosecutorial misconduct during the People's summation unpreserved (see CPL 470.05[2] ; People v. Stanford, 130 A.D.3d 1306, 1309, 14 N.Y.S.3d 560 [2015], lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 1043, 22 N.Y.S.3d 172, 43 N.E.3d 382 [2015] ; People v. Burnell, 89 A.D.3d 1118, 1122, 931 N.Y.S.2d 776 [2011], lv. denied 18 N.Y.3d 922, 942 N.Y.S.2d 461, 965 N.E.2d 963 [2012] ), and we decline to take corrective action in the interest of justice inasmuch as the challenged comments either constituted a fair comment on the evidence or were responsive to statements made by defense counsel during summation (see People v. Fomby, 101 A.D.3d 1355, 1357, 959 N.Y.S.2d 553 [2012] ; People v. Hall, 57 A.D.3d 1229, 1231, 870 N.Y.S.2d 148 [2008], lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 784, 879 N.Y.S.2d 60, 906 N.E.2d 1094 [2009] ). Further, we are unpersuaded by defendant's contention that the cumulative effect of various, yet undefined, alleged errors deprived him of a fair trial, as our review of the record as a whole reveals otherwise (see People v. Mitchell, 129 A.D.3d 1319, 1322, 11 N.Y.S.3d 731 [2015], lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 1041, 22 N.Y.S.3d 171, 43 N.E.3d 381 [2015] ; People v. Green, 270 A.D.2d 566, 569, 705 N.Y.S.2d 93 [2000], lv. denied 95 N.Y.2d 853, 714 N.Y.S.2d 4, 736 N.E.2d 865 [2000] ). As a final matter, we find no merit to defendant's assertion that his aggregate prison sentence of 13 years, followed by five years of postrelease supervision, is harsh and excessive. While we may reduce a sentence in the interest of justice where there are extraordinary circumstances or an abuse of discretion on the part of the sentencing court (see CPL 470.15[3][c] ; People v. Luckette, 126 A.D.3d 1044, 1046, 4 N.Y.S.3d 720 [2015], lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 1110, 26 N.Y.S.3d 769, 47 N.E.3d 99 [2016] ), we discern no such extraordinary circumstances or abuse of discretion here, particularly considering the nature of the offense and defendant's lengthy criminal history (see People v. Nelson, 128 A.D.3d 1225, 1228, 10 N.Y.S.3d 343 [2015], lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 1041, 22 N.Y.S.3d 171, 43 N.E.3d 381 [2015] ; People v. Bianca, 91 A.D.3d 1127, 1130, 936 N.Y.S.2d 743 [2012], lv. denied 19 N.Y.3d 862, 947 N.Y.S.2d 411, 970 N.E.2d 434 [2012] ; People v. Mann, 63 A.D.3d 1372, 1374, 880 N.Y.S.2d 792 [2009], lv. denied 13 N.Y.3d 861, 891 N.Y.S.2d 695, 920 N.E.2d 100 [2009] ).
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
McCARTHY, J.P., GARRY, DEVINE and MULVEY, JJ., concur.