Opinion
May 4, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Kings County (Juviler, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is modified, on the law, by providing that all of the sentences are to run concurrently; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed.
During the testimony of a prosecution witness who was aided by an interpreter, the prosecutor sought to refresh the witness's recollection with his prior statement to the police, which was written in English. To prevent the jury from overhearing the translation process, the court directed the witness, the interpreter, and counsel to step outside into the hallway where the interpreter was to read highlighted portions of the statement to the witness. The defense counsel did not object.
The defendant contends that the court failed to supervise the proceeding at which the witness's recollection was refreshed, and that reversal is warranted because the Trial Judge was absent during a material stage of the trial proceeding. This claim is unpreserved for appellate review as the defendant voiced no objection to the procedure (see, CPL 470.05; see also, People v. Patterson, 39 N.Y.2d 288, 295, affd 432 U.S. 197; see, e.g., People v. Monroe, 90 N.Y.2d 982, 983). In any event, under the circumstances of this case, the Judge's absence from the brief reading by the translator, in the hallway, of the witness's prior statement does not warrant reversal. The reading did not require any rulings or instructions by the Judge, and did not implicate the Judge's substantive role in conducting the trial (see, e.g., People v. Monroe, supra, at 984). Thus, the defendant has not established that the Judge was absent during a material stage of the trial (see, People v. Melendez, 227 A.D.2d 646, 648). However, this Court has previously noted that "it would have been the better practice for the court to excuse the jury so that the interpreter could have refreshed the witness's recollection on the record" (People v. Melendez, supra, at 648).
The defendant's claim of ineffective counsel is without merit. Viewing the defense counsel's performance "in its entirety, in conjunction with the evidence, the law, and the circumstances of the case", the defendant enjoyed meaningful representation at all stages of the trial (People v. Vanterpool, 143 A.D.2d 282; see, People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147; People v. Johnson, 184 A.D.2d 732, 733; People v. Blackman, 173 A.D.2d 482, 483; People v. Badia, 159 A.D.2d 577, 579).
The court charged the jury that it could find the defendant guilty of felony murder if it found that the defendant caused the death of Andrew West, without specifying whether the underlying felony was the robbery of West or the robbery of another individual, Harry Joseph. Under these circumstances, as the People correctly concede, the sentence imposed for the defendant's conviction of felony murder must run concurrently with the sentences imposed for his convictions of robbery in the first degree (see, Penal Law § 70.25; see also, People v. Day, 73 N.Y.2d 208, 210-211; People v. Flores, 207 A.D.2d 562, 563; People v. Duke, 181 A.D.2d 908, 909; People v. Nelson, 171 A.D.2d 702, 705).
The defendant's remaining contentions are either unpreserved for appellate review or without merit.
Miller, J.P., Joy, Goldstein and McGinity, JJ., concur.