Opinion
07-26-2024
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Ernest JOHNSON, Defendant-Appellant.
KEEM APPEALS, PLLC, SYRACUSE (BRADLEY E. KEEM OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (ELISABETH DANNAN OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
Appeal from a judgment of the Onondaga County Court (Matthew J. Doran, J.), rendered November 28, 2022. The judgment convicted defendant upon his plea of guilty of murder in the second degree.
KEEM APPEALS, PLLC, SYRACUSE (BRADLEY E. KEEM OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (ELISABETH DANNAN OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: LINDLEY, J.P., MONTOUR, OGDEN, KEANE, AND HANNAH, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon his plea of guilty of murder in the second degree (Penal Law § 125.25 [1]), defendant contends that he did not validly waive his right to appeal. We reject that contention. Here, the record establishes that defendant’s waiver of the right to appeal was knowing, voluntary, and intelligent (see People v. Stackhouse, 214 A.D.3d 1303, 1303, 185 N.Y.S.3d 428 [4th Dept. 2023], lv denied 39 N.Y.3d 1157, 190 N.Y.S.3d 694, 211 N.E.3d 1147 [2023]; see generally People v. Thomas, 34 N.Y.3d 545, 559-564, 122 N.Y.S.3d 226, 144 N.E.3d 970 [2019], cert denied — U.S. —, 140 S.Ct. 2634, 206 L.Ed.2d 512 [2020]).
[1, 2] Defendant’s contention that his plea was "not voluntarily entered because [he] provided only monosyllabic responses to County Court’s questions is actually a challenge to the factual sufficiency of the plea allocution" (People v. Hendrix, 62 A.D.3d 1261, 1262, 878 N.Y.S.2d 532 [4th Dept. 2009], lv denied 12 N.Y.3d 925, 884 N.Y.S.2d 707, 912 N.E.2d 1088 [2009]), which is encompassed by the valid waiver of appeal (see People v. Giles, 219 A.D.3d 1706, 1707, 197 N.Y.S.3d 778 [4th Dept. 2023], lv denied 40 N.Y.3d 1039, 200 N.Y.S.3d 771, 223 N.E.3d 1247 [2023]; People v. Alsaifullah, 162 A.D.3d 1483, 1485, 77 N.Y.S.3d 811 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 1062, 89 N.Y.S.3d 117, 113 N.E.3d 951 [2018]). Defendant’s valid waiver of the right to appeal also encompasses his challenges to the court’s suppression ruling (see People v. Sanders, 25 N.Y.3d 337, 342, 12 N.Y.S.3d 593, 34 N.E.3d 344 [2015]; People v. Kemp, 94 N.Y.2d 831, 833, 703 N.Y.S.2d 59, 724 N.E.2d 754 [1999]; Giles, 219 A.D.3d at 1707, 197 N.Y.S.3d 778) and to the severity of his sentence (see People v. Lopez, 6 N.Y.3d 248, 255-256, 811 N.Y.S.2d 623, 844 N.E.2d 1145 [2006]).
[3] Further, although defendant frames his contention regarding the court’s Molineux ruling as an attack on the voluntariness of his plea, his argument is, in fact, a challenge to the propriety of the Molineux ruling and is forfeited by defendant’s guilty plea (see People v. Johnson, 195 A.D.3d 1420, 1421, 150 N.Y.S.3d 424 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 1146, 159 N.Y.S.3d 336, 180 N.E.3d 500 [2021]).
[4–7] Defendant contends that he did not receive effective assistance of counsel. Defendant’s contention does not survive his guilty plea to the extent that defendant argues counsel was ineffective for failing to move to dismiss the indictment on speedy trial grounds (see People v. Bovee, 221 A.D.3d 1549, 1549-1550, 200 N.Y.S.3d 609 [4th Dept. 2023], lv denied 41 N.Y.3d 982, 210 N.Y.S.3d 749, 234 N.E.3d 365 [2024]). To the extent that defendant’s contention survives his guilty plea, we conclude that it is without merit. A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel survives a plea of guilty only if "the plea bargaining process was infected by [the] allegedly ineffective assistance or [if] defendant entered the plea because of his attomey[’s] allegedly poor performance" (People v. Judd, 111 A.D.3d 1421, 1423, 975 N.Y.S.2d 312 [4th Dept. 2013], lv denied 23 N.Y.3d 1039, 993 N.Y.S.2d 253, 17 N.E.3d 508 [2014] [internal quotation marks omitted]). " ‘In the context of a guilty plea, a defendant has been afforded meaningful representation when he or she receives an advantageous plea and nothing in the record casts doubt on the apparent effectiveness of counsel’ " (People v. Brown, 305 A.D.2d 1068, 1069, 759 N.Y.S.2d 830 [4th Dept. 2003], lv denied 100 N.Y.2d 579, 764 N.Y.S.2d 389, 796 N.E.2d 481 [2003]). Here, defense counsel secured a favorable plea bargain for defendant, and nothing in the record casts doubt on the apparent effectiveness of defense counsel (see People v. Ford, 86 N.Y.2d 397, 404, 633 N.Y.S.2d 270, 657 N.E.2d 265 [1995]; People v. Smith, 198 A.D.3d 1347, 1348, 155 N.Y.S.3d 255 [4th Dept. 2021]).
[8, 9] We reject defendant’s contention that the court abused its discretion in denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Defendant contends that his guilty plea was not knowing, voluntary, and intelligent because he asserted a claim of actual innocence during the plea allocution that was not sufficiently explored by the court prior to its acceptance of his guilty plea. We reject that contention. Although the court has a duty to inquire further " ‘where the defendant’s recitation of the facts underlying the crime pleaded to clearly casts significant doubt upon the defendant’s guilt or otherwise call into question the voluntariness of the plea’ " (People v. Mox, 20 N.Y.3d 936, 938, 958 N.Y.S.2d 670, 982 N.E.2d 590 [2012], quoting People v. Lopez, 71 N.Y.2d 662, 666, 529 N.Y.S.2d 465, 525 N.E.2d 5 [1988]), here, we conclude that defendant’s recitation of the facts failed to cast significant doubt upon his guilt (see People v. Lee, 185 A.D.3d 439, 440, 124 N.Y.S.3d 793 [1st Dept. 2020]; People v. Roberson, 161 A.D.3d 544, 545, 77 N.Y.S.3d 378 [1st Dept. 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 940, 84 N.Y.S.3d 867, 109 N.E.3d 1167 [2018]; People v. Hill, 128 A.D.3d 1479, 1480, 8 N.Y.S.3d 805 [4th Dept. 2015], lv denied 26 N.Y.3d 930, 17 N.Y.S.3d 93, 38 N.E.3d 839 [2015]; cf. Mox, 20 N.Y.3d at 938-939, 958 N.Y.S.2d 670, 982 N.E.2d 590). Even assuming, arguendo, that defendant’s statements cast doubt upon his guilt, the court engaged in the requisite inquiry to ensure that defendant’s plea was knowing, voluntary, and intelligent (see People v. Vogt, 150 A.D.3d 1704, 1705, 54 N.Y.S.3d 259 [4th Dept. 2017]; People v. Bonacci, 119 A.D.3d 1348, 1349, 988 N.Y.S.2d 391 [4th Dept. 2014], lv denied 24 N.Y.3d 1042, 998 N.Y.S.2d 312, 23 N.E.3d 155 [2014]; cf. People v. Hernandez, 185 A.D.3d 1428, 1429, 126 N.Y.S.3d 835 [4th Dept. 2020]).
[10–12] Contrary to defendant’s contention, inasmuch as there was no record support for defendant’s claim of actual innocence, the court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant’s motion insofar as it sought to withdraw his plea on that ground (see People v. Worthy, 46 A.D.3d 1382, 1382, 847 N.Y.S.2d 806 [4th Dept. 2007], lv denied 10 N.Y.3d 773, 854 N.Y.S.2d 334, 883 N.E.2d 1269 [2008]; People v. Chisholm, 8 AD.3d 1025, 1025-1026, 778 N.Y.S.2d 378 [4th Dept. 2004], lv denied 3 N.Y.3d 672, 784 N.Y.S.2d 10, 817 N.E.2d 828 [2004]). Defendant’s contention that his motion to withdraw the plea should have been granted because he was erroneously informed with respect to the maximum possible sentence is also not supported by the record. Furthermore, "the court did not coerce [defendant] into pleading guilty by advising him of the potential terms of incarceration in the event he was convicted following a trial" (People v. Bradford, 126 A.D.3d 1374, 1375, 4 N.Y.S.3d 800 [4th Dept. 2015], lv denied 26 N.Y.3d 926, 17 N.Y.S.3d 89, 38 N.E.3d 835 [2015]). To the extent that defendant contends that his motion should have been granted because defense counsel did not discuss the specifics of the plea bargain with him, and because he told defense counsel he did not want to plead guilty to a crime that he did not commit, his contention concerns matters outside the record on appeal and must therefore be raised by way of a motion pursuant to CPL article 440 (see People v. Dale, 142 A.D.3d 1287, 1290, 38 N.Y.S.3d 333 [4th Dept. 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1144, 52 N.Y.S.3d 296, 74 N.E.3d 681 [2017]).
We have considered defendant’s remaining contentions and conclude that none warrants modification or reversal of the judgment.