Opinion
105913.
10-16-2014
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Cassie E. EARLEY, Appellant.
Matthew C. Hug, Troy, for appellant. J. Anthony Jordan, District Attorney, Fort Edward (Christian P. Morris of counsel), for respondent.
Matthew C. Hug, Troy, for appellant.
J. Anthony Jordan, District Attorney, Fort Edward (Christian P. Morris of counsel), for respondent.
Before: LAHTINEN, J.P., ROSE, EGAN JR., LYNCH and CLARK, JJ.
Opinion
ROSE, J.Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Washington County (McKeighan, J.), rendered June 14, 2013 upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of aggravated driving while intoxicated and reckless driving, and the traffic infraction of failure to keep right.
After partying and drinking beer continuously one evening for approximately eight hours, defendant slept at the scene of the party for about five hours. She then arose, got into her pick up truck and drove down a rural highway where she collided with an oncoming vehicle at approximately 7:00 a.m. The other driver died and defendant was charged with, among other things, criminally negligent homicide, reckless driving, driving while ability impaired by the combined influence of alcohol and drugs, aggravated driving while intoxicated, manslaughter in the second degree and failure to keep right. A jury convicted defendant of aggravated driving while intoxicated, reckless driving and failure to keep right. County Court then sentenced her to one year in jail on the aggravated driving while intoxicated charge and imposed fines and surcharges on the remaining convictions. Defendant now appeals.
Contrary to defendant's contention, probable cause for her arrest was provided by the objective signs of her intoxication, the positive Alco–Sensor test administered prior to her arrest and her pre-arrest admission that she had been drinking. We must agree with her, however, that the results of the court-ordered blood test should have been suppressed because the investigator who applied for the order failed to advise County Court that he relied on hearsay. “Although an application for a court-ordered blood test may contain hearsay and double hearsay statements that satisfy the Aguilar–Spinelli test, the application must disclose that it is supported by hearsay and identify the source or sources of the hearsay” (People v. Freeman,
46 A.D.3d 1375, 1377, 848 N.Y.S.2d 800 [2007], lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 840, 859 N.Y.S.2d 399, 889 N.E.2d 86 [2008] ; see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1194[3] [b] ; People v. Isaac, 224 A.D.2d 993, 994, 637 N.Y.S.2d 827 [1996], lv. denied 88 N.Y.2d 937, 647 N.Y.S.2d 170, 670 N.E.2d 454 [1996] ; People v. Whelan, 165 A.D.2d 313, 321–322, 567 N.Y.S.2d 817 [1991], lv. denied 78 N.Y.2d 927, 573 N.Y.S.2d 480, 577 N.E.2d 1072 [1991] ). Here, the investigator based the application on information provided to him from other officers that defendant had made oral admissions at the scene to operating the vehicle and consuming alcohol, had a reading of .12% blood alcohol content on the Alco–Sensor test and refused to take a chemical test. The failure to reveal the hearsay nature of the information improperly deprived County Court of the opportunity to determine the reliability of the information for itself as a neutral, detached arbiter (see People v. Whelan, 165 A.D.2d at 322, 567 N.Y.S.2d 817 ). Accordingly, the motion to suppress the blood test results should have been granted and, in the absence of those results, the conviction for aggravated driving while intoxicated must be vacated (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192[2–a][a] ; People v. Freeman, 46 A.D.3d at 1377, 848 N.Y.S.2d 800 ).
As for the charge of reckless driving, it is defined as driving “in a manner which unreasonably interferes with the free and proper use of the public highway, or unreasonably endangers users of the public highway” (Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1212 ). “More than mere negligence is required, and the term has been held to mean ‘the running or operation of an automobile under such circumstances as to show a reckless disregard of the consequences' ” (People v. Bohacek, 95 A.D.3d 1592, 1594, 945 N.Y.S.2d 460 [2012], quoting People v. Grogan, 260 N.Y. 138, 143–144, 183 N.E. 273 [1932] ; see People v. Goldblatt, 98 A.D.3d 817, 819, 950 N.Y.S.2d 210 [2012], lv. denied 20 N.Y.3d 932, 957 N.Y.S.2d 692, 981 N.E.2d 289 [2012] ). “Determining whether conduct rises to the level of unreasonable interference or endangerment such that it constitutes the requisite recklessness involves the presence of additional aggravating acts or circumstances beyond a single violation of a rule of the road” (People v. Goldblatt, 98 A.D.3d at 819, 950 N.Y.S.2d 210 [citations omitted] ).
Here, the investigator who reconstructed the accident testified that defendant crossed the center line and collided driver-side “headlight to [driver-side] headlight” with the oncoming vehicle. The passenger in the other vehicle testified that the victim observed defendant in their lane and, although the victim attempted to move over as far as possible to avoid the accident, defendant was almost entirely in their lane at the time of the collision. Defendant admitted that she had been drinking, and the arresting officer testified that she had glassy eyes, slurred speech and the odor of alcohol. The officer concluded, based on his experience and observations, that defendant was intoxicated. According to defendant's own testimony, she started drinking beer at 5:00 p.m. the previous evening and drank continuously until approximately 1:00 a.m. After sleeping in a camper located at the house where the party had taken place, defendant arose and drove away at about 6:15 a.m. Although defendant offered evidence that she did not show signs of intoxication at the time of her arrest, we defer to the jury's reasonable resolution of credibility issues (see People v. Dancy, 87 A.D.3d 759, 761, 928 N.Y.S.2d 143 [2011] ; People v.
Young, 74 A.D.3d 1471, 1472, 902 N.Y.S.2d 222 [2010], lv. denied 15 N.Y.3d 811, 934 N.E.2d 905 [2010] ; People v. Meiner, 248 A.D.2d 806, 808, 669 N.Y.S.2d 981 [1998] ).
Given the foregoing evidence of defendant's intoxication, the admission of the blood test results was harmless error with respect to her reckless driving conviction, “inasmuch as there is ‘no reasonable possibility that the error might have contributed to defendant's conviction’ ” on that count (People v. Freeman, 46 A.D.3d at 1377, 848 N.Y.S.2d 800, quoting People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 237, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787 [1975] ; see People v. Isaac, 224 A.D.2d at 994, 637 N.Y.S.2d 827 ). Nor are the convictions for reckless driving and failure to keep right against the weight of the evidence (see e.g. People v. Goldblatt, 98 A.D.3d at 820–821, 950 N.Y.S.2d 210 ; People v. McRobbie, 97 A.D.3d 970, 971–972, 949 N.Y.S.2d 249 [2012], lv. denied 20 N.Y.3d 934, 957 N.Y.S.2d 693, 981 N.E.2d 290 [2012] ). To the extent that defendant's remaining arguments have not been rendered academic by our decision, they have been considered and determined to be without merit.
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, on the law, by reversing defendant's conviction of aggravated driving while intoxicated under count 4 of the indictment; said count dismissed and the sentence imposed thereon vacated; and, as so modified, affirmed.
LAHTINEN, J.P., EGAN JR., LYNCH and CLARK, JJ., concur.