Opinion
2011-10-27
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent,v.Thierno M. DIALLO, Appellant.
R. Graham McNamara, Glenville, for appellant.Andrew J. Wylie, District Attorney, Plattsburgh (Timothy G. Blatchley of counsel), for respondent.
R. Graham McNamara, Glenville, for appellant.Andrew J. Wylie, District Attorney, Plattsburgh (Timothy G. Blatchley of counsel), for respondent.
STEIN, J.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Clinton County (Ryan, J.), rendered December 17, 2008, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crime of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree.
Defendant was charged in two indictments with criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree (three counts) and criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree. In October 2008, defendant pleaded guilty to one count of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree in satisfaction of both indictments and executed a written waiver of appeal. In accordance with the plea agreement, County Court then sentenced defendant to three years in prison followed by two years of postrelease supervision and further ordered him to pay $200 in restitution. Defendant now appeals.
Defendant's primary contention on this appeal—which would survive a valid waiver of the right to appeal ( see People v. Seaberg, 74 N.Y.2d 1, 10, 543 N.Y.S.2d 968, 541 N.E.2d 1022 [1989]; People v. Stokely, 49 A.D.3d 966, 968, 853 N.Y.S.2d 221 [2008] )—is that his plea was involuntary based upon the failure of County Court and his trial counsel to advise him on the record of the immigration consequences of his conviction. It is now established that the failure of counsel to advise a defendant of the possibility of deportation as a result of his or her plea constitutes the ineffective assistance of counsel ( see Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. ––––, ––––, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 1486, 176 L.Ed.2d 284 [2010] ). Nonetheless, inasmuch as defendant limits his argument to the failure of the court and his attorney to advise him on the record of potential immigration consequences, Padilla does not specify that attorneys must do so ( id. at 1486, 176 L.Ed.2d 284). Moreover, while defendant correctly asserts that CPL 220.50 (7) requires the court to advise a defendant on the record, before accepting a plea of guilty, that such plea might result in deportation, the statute explicitly provides that the failure to so advise a defendant
does not affect the voluntariness of the plea or the validity of the conviction ( see CPL 220.50[7] ).
Defendant's challenge to the amount of restitution he was directed to pay also survives even a valid waiver of appeal where, as here, “the plea agreement did not specify the amount of restitution to be awarded” ( People v. Empey, 73 A.D.3d 1387, 1388, 901 N.Y.S.2d 756 [2010], lv. denied 15 N.Y.3d 804, 908 N.Y.S.2d 164, 934 N.E.2d 898 [2010]; see People v. Thomas, 71 A.D.3d 1231, 1232, 896 N.Y.S.2d 264 [2010], lv. denied 14 N.Y.3d 893, 903 N.Y.S.2d 781, 929 N.E.2d 1016 [2010] ). In the instant matter, defendant agreed to pay restitution at the time of his plea allocution, but did not agree to a specific amount, nor was the method of determining the amount discussed. The presentence investigation report prepared by the Probation Department contains a victim impact statement from the Clinton County District Attorney/Adirondack Drug Task Force seeking recovery of $200 for two controlled buys ($100 each) on the same date. At the sentencing hearing, defendant objected to the $200 total because he had been charged with only one criminal sale of a controlled substance count. He therefore argued that he should only be required to pay restitution of $100.
Defendant never contested the accuracy of the claimed expenditure of $100 per controlled buy and never requested that County Court conduct a hearing, despite being advised by the court that he was entitled to such a hearing. Inasmuch as the only issue raised by defendant regarding restitution was a purely legal one, a hearing was not required ( compare People v. Consalvo, 89 N.Y.2d 140, 145–146, 651 N.Y.S.2d 963, 674 N.E.2d 672 [1996]; People v. Stevens, 80 A.D.3d 791, 792–793, 914 N.Y.S.2d 412 [2011], lv. denied 16 N.Y.3d 900, 926 N.Y.S.2d 35, 949 N.E.2d 983 [2011] ). Similarly, because defendant never challenged the accuracy of the restitution amount sought, we reject his contention—raised for the first time on appeal—that the law enforcement agency's failure to submit an affidavit supporting its restitution request pursuant to Penal Law § 60.27(9) requires that the award be vacated ( see People v. Perez, 203 A.D.2d 665, 667, 610 N.Y.S.2d 643 [1994], lv. denied 83 N.Y.2d 970, 616 N.Y.S.2d 23, 639 N.E.2d 763 [1994] ). Under these circumstances, we discern no abuse of County Court's discretion in ordering restitution without a hearing ( see generally People v. Periard, 15 A.D.3d 693, 694, 788 N.Y.S.2d 725 [2005] ).
As to the merits of the award, a trial court “may require restitution or reparation as part of the sentence imposed upon a person convicted of any offense” (Penal Law § 60.27[1] ). An offense is defined as including “the offense for which a defendant was convicted, as well as any other offense that is part of the same criminal transaction or that is contained in any other accusatory instrument disposed of by any plea of guilty by the defendant to an offense” (Penal Law § 60.27[4][a] ). Specifically, a defendant convicted of a “felony involving the sale of a controlled substance” may be ordered to repay a law enforcement agency “the amount of funds expended in the actual purchase” of a controlled substance (Penal Law § 60.27[9] ). Here, even though defendant was charged with only one count of criminal sale of a controlled substance, the two controlled buys in question were part of the same criminal transaction and were related to the possession charges in the indictment. Thus, County Court did not err in ordering defendant to pay restitution for the buy money used in both controlled buys ( see
People v. Perez, 203 A.D.2d at 667, 610 N.Y.S.2d 643). On the other hand, County Court may not impose a surcharge when restitution is to be paid to a law enforcement agency ( see Penal Law § 60.27[9] ). Thus, the 10% surcharge imposed here must be vacated ( see People v. Williams, 272 A.D.2d 990, 990, 708 N.Y.S.2d 670 [2000]; People v. Perez, 203 A.D.2d at 667, 610 N.Y.S.2d 643).
Defendant's remaining contentions have been considered and found to be without merit.
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, on the law, by vacating so much thereof as directed defendant to pay a 10% surcharge on the restitution to the Clinton County District Attorney/Adirondack Drug Task Force, and, as so modified, affirmed.
PETERS, J.P., SPAIN, McCARTHY and GARRY, JJ., concur.