Opinion
2012-07-18
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. John CAPELA, also known as John Capella, appellant.
Lynn W. L. Fahey, New York, N.Y. (Joshua M. Levine of counsel), for appellant. Charles J. Hynes, District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Lori Glachman of counsel), for respondent.
Lynn W. L. Fahey, New York, N.Y. (Joshua M. Levine of counsel), for appellant. Charles J. Hynes, District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Lori Glachman of counsel), for respondent.
RUTH C. BALKIN, J.P., RANDALL T. ENG, JOHN M. LEVENTHAL, and CHERYL E. CHAMBERS, JJ.
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (D'Emic, J.), rendered May 16, 2008, convicting him of murder in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence. The appeal brings up for review the denial, after a hearing, of those branches of the defendant's omnibus motion which were to suppress his statements to law enforcement officials and physical evidence.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
On October 7, 2002, emergency personnel, responding to a telephone call to the 911 emergency number, went to the defendant's apartment. In the defendant's bedroom, they found the body of the defendant's wife, which contained many stab wounds. A bloody knife was on the bed. The defendant, who was sitting on a chair in another room, was staring straight ahead at the open front door. He was the only other person in the apartment.
We reject the defendant's contention that, under these circumstances, the police lacked probable cause to arrest him. Probable cause does not require proof beyond a reasonable doubt ( see People v. Bigelow, 66 N.Y.2d 417, 423, 497 N.Y.S.2d 630, 488 N.E.2d 451;People v. Francis, 44 A.D.3d 788, 789, 843 N.Y.S.2d 419), but, rather, requires “the existence of facts and circumstances which, when viewed as a whole, would lead a reasonable person possessing the same expertise as the arresting officer to conclude that an offense has been or is being committed, and that the defendant committed or is committing that offense” ( People v. Wright, 8 A.D.3d 304, 306, 778 N.Y.S.2d 59;see People v. Bigelow, 66 N.Y.2d at 423, 497 N.Y.S.2d 630, 488 N.E.2d 451). Here, the evidence at the suppression hearing supported the hearing court's determination that, viewing the circumstances as a whole, it was reasonable for the police to conclude that it was more probable than not that the defendant had killed his wife ( see People v. Carrasquillo, 54 N.Y.2d 248, 254, 445 N.Y.S.2d 97, 429 N.E.2d 775;People v. Wright, 8 A.D.3d at 307, 778 N.Y.S.2d 59). Accordingly, the hearing court properly denied those branches of the defendant's omnibus motion which were to suppress his statements to law enforcement officials and physical evidence on the ground that his arrest was made without probable cause.
We also agree with the hearing court that the People established beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant's statements to the police were made voluntarily ( see People v. Huntley, 15 N.Y.2d 72, 78, 255 N.Y.S.2d 838, 204 N.E.2d 179;People v. Slide, 76 A.D.3d 1106, 1109, 908 N.Y.S.2d 414;People v. Seda, 289 A.D.2d 422, 423, 734 N.Y.S.2d 233). In particular, the evidence established beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was advised of his rights under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 and that he knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived them. That the defendant suffered from mental illness did not preclude a valid waiver ( see People v. Bostick, 124 A.D.2d 811, 508 N.Y.S.2d 532;People v. Mathis, 77 A.D.2d 720, 430 N.Y.S.2d 719); as long as he comprehended “the immediate import of those warnings[,]” he could validly waive his Miranda rights ( People v. Williams, 62 N.Y.2d 285, 289, 476 N.Y.S.2d 788, 465 N.E.2d 327;see People v. Guinyard, 72 A.D.3d 1545, 1546, 899 N.Y.S.2d 505;People v. Rogers, 247 A.D.2d 765, 766, 669 N.Y.S.2d 678;People v. Corona, 173 A.D.2d 484, 484–485, 570 N.Y.S.2d 105).
The jury's verdict rejecting the affirmative defense of mental disease or defect ( seePenal Law § 40.15) was not against the weight of the evidence ( seeCPL 470.15[5] ). “Where conflicting expert testimony is presented, the question [of] whether the defendant suffered from a mental disease or defect at the time of the commission of the crime is for the fact finder, who may accept or reject the opinion of any expert” ( People v. Hill, 276 A.D.2d 716, 716, 715 N.Y.S.2d 638;see People v. Collins, 27 A.D.3d 660, 661, 811 N.Y.S.2d 122;People v. Esmail, 260 A.D.2d 396, 397, 688 N.Y.S.2d 186). Although there is no dispute that the defendant suffered from mental illness, the testimony of the prosecution's expert regarding the defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime was well-reasoned and supported by the evidence. In light of that testimony, we agree with the jury's conclusion that the defendant failed to establish the defense by a preponderance of the evidence, notwithstanding the evidence provided by the defense experts ( see People v. Noll, 82 A.D.3d 1266, 1266–1267, 919 N.Y.S.2d 383;People v. Trojan, 73 A.D.3d 818, 819, 900 N.Y.S.2d 405;People v. Collins, 27 A.D.3d at 661, 811 N.Y.S.2d 122).
The trial court properly denied the defendant's request to charge the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance ( seePenal Law § 125.25[1][a] ). “For the defendant to be entitled to a charge on extreme emotional disturbance, sufficient evidence must be presented for the jury to find by a preponderance of the evidence that the elements of the affirmative defense are satisfied” ( People v. Moye, 66 N.Y.2d 887, 889, 498 N.Y.S.2d 767, 489 N.E.2d 736;see People v. Cass, 18 N.Y.3d 553, 561, 942 N.Y.S.2d 416, 965 N.E.2d 918;People v. Casassa, 49 N.Y.2d 668, 678–680, 427 N.Y.S.2d 769, 404 N.E.2d 1310,cert. denied449 U.S. 842, 101 S.Ct. 122, 66 L.Ed.2d 50). Here, there was no evidence of a “reasonable excuse or explanation” for the extreme “emotional disturbance” under which the defendant may have been acting when he stabbed his wife ( People v. Acevedo, 56 A.D.3d 341, 341, 867 N.Y.S.2d 430).
The sentence imposed was not excessive ( see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675).
The defendant's remaining contention is without merit.