Summary
In Ouellette v Kenealy, 141 Mich. App. 562, 564; 367 N.W.2d 353 (1984), the Court of Appeals affirmed the decision of the trial court withdrawing the loss of earning capacity issue from the jury on the basis that such damages are not recoverable under the no-fault act. It declined to follow the decisions of another panel in Argenta v Shahan, 135 Mich. App. 477; 354 N.W.2d 796 (1984).
Summary of this case from Ouellette v. KenealyOpinion
Docket No. 67668.
Decided November 13, 1984.
Lacey Jones (by Phillip G. Rosenberg), for plaintiff.
Gromek, Bendure Thomas (by Nancy L. Bosh), for defendant.
Plaintiff brought suit to recover for injuries incurred in an auto accident. A jury found damages of $4,000 for serious impairment of body function and/or permanent serious disfigurement but reduced the award by 40% due to plaintiff's own negligence. From denial of her motion for a new trial, plaintiff appeals as of right.
Plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in instructing the jury that damages for noneconomic loss were recoverable only for periods during which plaintiff suffered serious impairment of body function. We agree. The instruction was in accordance with Rusinek v Schultz, Snyder Steele Lumber Co, 98 Mich. App. 380, 385; 296 N.W.2d 262 (1980), rev'd on other grounds 411 Mich. 502; 309 N.W.2d 163 (1981), reh den 412 Mich. 1101 (1981), which held that serious impairment of a body function was a limitation on recovery as well as a threshold requirement. The Rusinek Court based its decision on two reasons underlying the no-fault act: (1) the problems incident to excessive litigation and (2) the problems of overcompensation of minor injuries and undercompensation of serious injuries. Rusinek, supra, was the only case available on the controlling law at the time of trial in the instant case. Thereafter a panel of this Court, strictly construing the no-fault act because it is a statute in derogation of the common law, took exception to Rusinek, Incarnati v Savage, 122 Mich. App. 12; 329 N.W.2d 790 (1982), lv gtd 418 Mich. 880 (1983). We approve of the analysis in Incarnati, supra, and conclude that the instructions were improper. We reverse because the jury may well have limited plaintiff's damages pursuant to the instruction.
We address at length only one of plaintiff's remaining issues. Plaintiff has assigned error to the withdrawal from the jury of the issue of loss of earning capacity. The trial court ruled that, as a matter of law, plaintiff had not offered sufficient evidence. We affirm on the basis that damages for loss of earning capacity are not recoverable under the no-fault act. MCL 500.3135(2); MSA 24.13135(2) abolishes tort liability with certain exceptions. One exception is for damages for work loss as defined in §§ 3107 to 3110 in excess of the daily, monthly and 3-year limitations contained in those sections. It is now well established that "work loss" as used in §§ 3107 and 3107a excludes loss of earning capacity. MacDonald v State Farm Mutual Ins Co, 419 Mich. 146, 150-152; 350 N.W.2d 233 (1984), Gerardi v Buckeye Union Ins Co, 89 Mich. App. 90, 93; 279 N.W.2d 588 (1979). We therefore conclude that "work loss" in § 3135(2)(c) also excludes loss of earning capacity.
"Loss of earning capacity" is what an injured person could have earned but for the injury. Prince v Lott, 369 Mich. 606, 610; 120 N.W.2d 780 (1963). "Work loss" is loss of income from work an injured person would have performed if he had not been injured. MCL 500.3107(b), 500.3135(2)(c); MSA 23.13107(b), 24.13135(2)(c).
We disagree with Argenta v Shahan, 135 Mich. App. 477; 354 N.W.2d 796 (1984), which held that the plaintiff, who could not receive work loss benefits because his income exceeded the statutory allowance, could recover for loss of earning capacity in a tort action. We believe that the proper relief is damages for work loss pursuant to § 3135(2)(c) of the no-fault act.
We are not persuaded otherwise by the statement in Cassidy v McGovern, 415 Mich. 483, 499; 330 N.W.2d 22 (1982), that, "[f]or economic losses beyond those for which payment was assured, the traditional tort remedy was left intact" by § 3135(2)(c). Since the section must be interpreted consistently with the definition of "work loss" later given by the Supreme Court in MacDonald, supra, p 151, the statutory remedy is more restrictive than the traditional remedy for "loss of earning capacity".
We find no merit in the remaining issues and omit any discussion of them in light of our decision to reverse.
Reversed and remanded for new trial.