Summary
In O'Neill the defendant was assigned a member of the public defender's staff for counsel only a few minutes before the start of a hearing to have him declared a deferred sentence agreement violator and thus had no meaningful opportunity to confer with him.
Summary of this case from State v. MartinOpinion
August 14, 1970.
PRESENT: Roberts, C.J., Paolino, Powers, Joslin and Kelleher, JJ.
1. CRIMINAL LAW. Offense Cognizable by Grand Jury. Extensive Continuance in District Court. Defendant, in attacking sentence imposed by Superior Court for violation of deferred sentence agreement, made much of the fact that the complaint filed in District Court alleging breaking and entering in the nighttime with intent to commit larceny, the offense constituting violation of the deferred for which he was sentenced in the Superior Court, had been continued in District Court more than 14 days without his consent. In denying relief on this ground the court holds Brady v. Langlois, 104 R.I. 301, 243 A.2d 906, is dispositive of the question in that the alleged offense remained cognizable by the grand jury despite the action of the District Court. G.L. 1956, § 12-10-9.
2. EXTRAORDINARY WRITS. Petitions Containing Sworn Statements. Lack of Denial. Sworn statements in petitions for extraordinary writs, absent denials, are assumed by Supreme Court to be true.
3. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. Criminal Proceedings. Right to Assistance of Counsel. United States Supreme Court has held that the time of sentencing is a critical stage in a criminal case which entitles the accused to the right of substantial assistance of counsel as guaranteed by federal constitution. U.S. Constitution, arts. VI and XIV of amendments.
4. SENTENCE. Violation of Deferred. Hearing in Superior Court. Right of Accused to Counsel. Where petitioner stated in sworn petition for habeas corpus, which was not denied, that he was not furnished with counsel until a few minutes before imposition of sentence for violation of deferred sentence agreement, this constituted a denial of meaningful assistance of counsel to which petitioner was entitled and three-year sentence then imposed ordered vacated. U.S. Constitution, arts, VI and XIV of amendments.
5. CRIMINAL LAW. Violation of Deferred Sentence Agreement. Hearing of Motion to Impose Sentence. Rights of Accused. At hearing on motion to impose sentence for violation of deferred sentence agreement, the accused shall have the benefit of representation by counsel sufficiently in advance to make that representation meaningful; the right to be heard in his own defense, and to cross-examine such witnesses as may be produced against him; not, however, subject to the strict rules of evidence, nor proof beyond all reasonable doubt.
6. NOLO CONTENDERE. Ignorance of Nature of Plea. Accused Repeatedly Relying on Plea. Contention of accused that he did not waive rights to trial by jury and appeal because he was ignorant of meaning of his plea of nolo contendere were not believable in view of his long record of brushes with the law here and in other states, and his pleas of nolo to offenses on which sentences were imposed and served, including sentences for violation of probation.
HABEAS CORPUS petition wherein petitioner sought to vacate sentence imposed for violation of deferred sentence agreement, heard and application for writ granted, and cause remanded to Superior Court for further proceedings consistent with opinion.
Edwin H. Hastings, for petitioner.
Herbert F. DeSimone, Attorney General, Donald P. Ryan, Asst. Attorney General, for respondent.
On February 2, 1970, the above-named Robert M. O'Neill made application to this court for a writ of habeas corpus, seeking to vacate a three-year sentence imposed by a Superior Court justice on his finding that O'Neill had violated the terms of a deferred sentence agreement. The application, being made on oath, averred, inter alia, that at the hearing wherein sentence was imposed, O'Neill was denied the minimum fact finding process, and in particular was deprived of the benefit of effective representation by counsel as mandated by Mempa v. Rhay, 389 U.S. 128, 88 S.Ct. 254, 19 L.Ed.2d 336. We ordered the respondent to show cause, if any he had, why the writ should not issue and his answer not denying applicant's averments relative to the Mempa standards, the application for the writ was granted and the cause assigned to the May calendar for a hearing. O'Neill v. Sharkey, 107 R.I. 906, 263 A.2d 704.
It appears from the record that on April 9, 1964, O'Neill was arraigned in the Superior Court on two indictments for harboring a murderer. He pleaded nolo contendere to each indictment, was sentenced to 18 months on one, and sentence was deferred on the other. (No. 32691) The record further discloses that O'Neill was released from the Adult Correctional Institutions on December 8, 1964, at which time the terms of his deferred sentence agreement commenced to run. Almeida v. Langlois, 97 R.I. 325, 197 A.2d 498.
Within the five-year period provided for in his deferred sentence agreement, specifically on August 18, 1969, O'Neill was arrested for allegedly breaking and entering in the nighttime with intent to commit larceny. He was arraigned on that charge in the then District Court of the Sixth Judicial District on the following day and pleaded not guilty. He was admitted to bail and the case continued to September 4, 1969, for hearing. O'Neill appeared on that date and was advised that a hearing on the complaint would be scheduled for some undetermined day in the future. He objected on the ground that the court lacked jurisdiction to continue the case for more than 14 days without his consent, relying on G.L. 1956, § 12-10-9.
"Adjournment of trial or examination. — Any district court may adjourn any trial or examination pending before it, from time to time, not exceeding fourteen (14) days at any one (1) time, except with the consent or at the request of the accused, and to the same or to a different place in the same district."
In his oral argument and brief, O'Neill makes much of the fact that the complaint had not been heard at the time he was found to be in violation of his deferred sentence agreement. To the end that this contention may be foreclosed to any future protest that this facet of the instant cause was not considered by us, we hold that Brady v. Langlois, 104 R.I. 301, 243 A.2d 906, is dispositive of the question in that the alleged offense remained cognizable by the grand jury.
Meanwhile, on August 25, 1969, the Attorney General sought and obtained a capias from the Superior Court for the purpose of having O'Neill arraigned as a deferred sentence violator. It is not disputed that the Attorney General was motivated by O'Neill's conduct on August 18, 1969. O'Neill appeared in the Superior Court on the day the capias was issued and was released on bail until September 22, 1969, to which date the Attorney General's motion was assigned for hearing. On this latter date, O'Neill appeared in the Superior Court; his bail was revoked and a hearing on the Attorney General's motion was further assigned to September 25, 1969. On that date a hearing was held, but on what scale we are unaware because no transcript of that hearing was ordered. It is elementary that one who relies on alleged improprieties occurring at a hearing in a subordinate forum has the obligation to supply this court with a record of the proceedings of which he complains. No such record having been supplied in the instant cause, we would ordinarily not fault the hearing at which O'Neill now argues denied him an opportunity to question the witnesses produced against him, and to be heard in his own defense. However, he insists under oath that he was not provided with realistic representation by counsel and this allegation is not denied by respondent. Specifically, O'Neill swears that it was not until a few minutes before the September 25, 1969 hearing that a member of the Public Defender's staff was assigned to represent him and there was no time for meaningful conferring. Pursuaded that the transcript of the hearing, if available, would shed no light on this allegation, we apply the rule that sworn statements in petitions for extraordinary writs that are not denied, are assumed by us to be true. Morin v. Zoning Board of Review, 102 R.I. 457, 232 A.2d 393; Kent v. Zoning Board of Review, 102 R.I. 258, 229 A.2d 769; Roberts v. Board of Elections, 85 R.I. 203, 129 A.2d 330.
In Mempa v. Rhay, supra, filed November 13, 1967, the United States Supreme Court held that the time of sentencing is a critical stage in a criminal case which entitles the accused to the right of substantial assistance of counsel as guaranteed by article VI of amendments to the Constitution of the United States, and made applicable to the states by virtue of the due process clause of article XIV of amendments.
Further, in Twiford v. Peyton, 372 F.2d 670 (4th Cir. 1967), it was held that appointment of counsel one day prior to trial deprived the accused of meaningful assistance of counsel and was inherently prejudicial.
Consequently, on the fact taken to be true by us that O'Neill was denied meaningful assistance of counsel, we hold that the three-year sentence be vacated and a new hearing be held in the Superior Court at which O'Neill will have realistic assistance of counsel.
So doing, we turn to a consideration of a further contention made by O'Neill, namely that when, as here, the offense alleged to be a violation of the deferred sentence agreement is totally dissimilar to the offense on which sentence was deferred, the violation hearing should be of such a nature as to give the accused all of the due process protection which would be afforded in a trial on the merits of the alleged offense. In support thereof, he refers our attention to Walker v. Langlois, 104 R.I. 274, 243 A.2d 733, wherein, he argues, this court indicated that we would leave the full due process contention to an appropriate case. So contending, he misconceives the question deferred in the Walker case.
In Walker, it was contended that the thrust of Mempa, was to give an accused probation violator not only the right to be represented by counsel, but in addition, the right to notice of the alleged misconduct; the right to be heard in his own defense, and the right to cross-examine witnesses who appeared against him. Stating that whether all these rights were mandated by Mempa, was an open question, we declined to consider that question, deferring it to an appropriate case, for the reason that Walker had been afforded all of the rights for which he was contending.
We agree with O'Neill that there has now been presented for our consideration what constitutes minimum protection for an accused probation violator at a hearing conducted pursuant to the state's contention that the accused is in fact in violation of the terms of his probation. We do not agree, however, that such minimum protection goes to the extent of according the accused all of the due process guarantees inherent in a strict or formal trial.
In Walker, we quoted at length from Escoe v. Zerbst, 295 U.S. 490, 55 S.Ct. 818, 79 L.Ed. 1566, wherein the late Mr. Justice Cardozo stated, in essence, that while such a hearing did not call for a trial in a strict or formal sense, it did call for the accused to have an opportunity to explain away that for aught the court might know was prosecution turned persecution through rumor, mistake or downright malice.
We hold, therefore, that at the hearing subsequently to be held in the Superior Court pursuant to our decision herein, O'Neill shall have the benefit of representation by counsel appointed sufficiently in advance of said hearing to make that representation meaningful; to be heard in his own defense, and to cross-examine such witnesses as may be produced against him. So holding, we do not mean to imply that the evidence against or on behalf of O'Neill shall be subject to the strict rules of evidence, nor that the state's burden of proof is one of beyond all reasonable doubt. In short, we hold that O'Neill is entitled to that type of hearing afforded in Walker.
Consequently, we remand the cause to the Superior Court for such a hearing and hold moreover that every hearing for an alleged violation of probation held hereafter shall conform to the standards afforded to Walker and affirmed in these proceedings.
Before concluding, however, it is necessary to dispose of a further contention made by O'Neill, namely, that he pleaded nolo contendere without fully understanding the nature of his plea. This plea, entered in ignorance of its meaning, he argues, falls short of knowingly and intelligently waiving his constitutional rights to a trial by jury and appeal. On this point, it suffices to observe that his long record of brushes with the law in other states as well as here, his pleas of nolo to offenses on which sentences were imposed and served, as well as sentences served for violation of probation entered in connection with nolo pleas, render his contention of ignorance simply unbelievable. See Flint v. Sharkey, 107 R.I. 530, 268 A.2d 714.
The application for habeas corpus is granted, and the cause is remanded to the Superior Court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.