Opinion
15264.
NOVEMBER 15, 1945.
Alimony. Before Judge Boykin. Gordon Superior Court. May 25, 1945.
Y. A. Henderson and Nell Ault, for plaintiff in error.
J. G. B. Erwin and Mitchell Mitchell, contra.
Under the pleadings and the evidence, it does not appear that the judge abused his discretion in awarding to the wife $300 per month as temporary alimony and $2000 as attorneys' fees.
No. 15264. NOVEMBER 15, 1945.
On February 1, 1945, C. L. Moss filed a suit against his wife, Mrs. Ola Jane Moss, alleging their marriage on February 2, 1940, their separation on November 20, 1944, and praying for a total divorce on the ground of cruel treatment. On February 12, 1945, Mrs. Moss filed an answer and cross-action, alleging cruelty on his part, and praying for temporary and permanent alimony, and attorneys' fees. The hearing on the issues as to temporary alimony and attorneys' fees was originally set for March 1, but was by agreement continued to May 12 because of illness of Mr. Moss. At the hearing on the last-named date, the plaintiff tendered what he termed an amendment to his petition and a response to the wife's cross-action, which the court allowed. In this pleading, he contended that his wife was not entitled to any alimony or attorney's fees, for several reasons alleged. He alleged, among other things, that at the time of a previous separation, in May, 1944, they had entered into a written agreement, under which she had accepted from him the sum of $8000 in settlement of all claims for alimony and other claims, as set out in the agreement, to wit:
"This agreement made and entered into on this the 17th day of May, 1944, by and between C. L. Moss, of Gordon County, Georgia, party of the first part, and Ola Hale Hair Moss, wife of the said C. L. Moss, also of Gordon County, Georgia, party of the second part, witnesseth that, Whereas said parties having for some time been married to each other, and one of said parties contemplating the filing of a divorce action against the other, both parties now desire that all property rights may at this time be fully settled between them, and to this end said parties contract and agree as follows:
"For and in consideration of the sum of eight thousand dollars ($8,000.00), cash in hand paid at and before the execution of this agreement, said sum paid by the party of the first part and unto the party of the second part, said second party hereby relinquishes and renounces any and all claims she now has or may hereafter have against first party and his estate by reason of being or having ever been his wife; said sum of eight thousand dollars ($8,000.00) being in full settlement of any and all claims for alimony, separate maintenance, support, and all claims for dower, homestead, year's support, and any and all claims that may arise either against the first party or his estate by reason of the second party being or having been his wife, and whether said parties become divorced after the execution of this agreement or not.
"In witness whereof, the party of the second part has hereunto set her hand and affixed her seal on this the day and date first above written.
Ola Hale Hair Moss (SEAL) Party of the second part."
He pleaded this contract as a complete bar to his wife's present claim for alimony and attorney's fees, alleging that it was not merely a settlement of her claim for alimony, but was "a final property settlement," and that as such it was not rescinded by a resumption of the marital relation. He contended also that in view of her separate estate, including the $8000 aforesaid, she is not entitled to alimony, and has sufficient funds and estate to conduct this litigation.
After hearing evidence from the parties, the judge passed an order granting $300 per month as temporary alimony, and $2000 as attorneys' fees. To this judgment as a whole, and separately to each part of it, C. L. Moss excepted.
The evidence need not be set forth in detail. Each of the parties made a case of extreme cruelty and blame against the other, and we think that only a few points require discussion.
Under the Code, § 30-217, as construed in Powell v. Powell, 196 Ga. 694 ( 27 S.E.2d 393), the contract of May 17, 1944, so far as it constituted a settlement of alimony and attorneys' fees, was nullified by the subsequent voluntary cohabitation of the parties; nor did this result depend on a restoration of the $8000 received by the wife under such settlement. The husband, in voluntarily renewing cohabitation without requiring a restoration, evidently intended for his wife to retain the sum paid, or the unconsumed part of it, as her separate estate. If he had demanded a restoration, the reunion might not have taken place; and now that the reunion itself has failed, the court could not well go back and impose conditions which he himself did not see fit to impose at the time cohabitation was resumed. See, in this connection, 17 Am. Jur. 551, § 735; 30 C. J. 1065, § 847; 42 C. J. S. 185, § 601.
He contends, however, that the contract of May 17, 1944, was not merely a settlement of alimony, but was a "final property settlement," citing Re Estate of William Stanley Ray, 304 Pa. 421 ( 156 A. 64, 79 A.L.R. 771). It is insisted that the contract differs in this respect from the one dealt with in the Powell case, supra, and bars Mrs. Moss from any further right to alimony. Alimony and attorneys' fees are all that are now for determination, and whatever effect the contract may have on other rights, in the event of a controversy regarding them, it is quite plain that, so far as alimony and attorneys' fees are concerned, the contract is subject to the provision that, "The subsequent voluntary cohabitation of the husband and wife shall annul and set aside all provision made, either by deed or decree, for permanent alimony." Code, § 30-217. See further, as to property and alimony settlements: Lemon v. Lemon, 141 Ga. 448 (1b) ( 81 S.E. 118); Young v. Young, 150 Ga. 515 (3) ( 104 S.E. 149); Smith v. Smith, 187 Ga. 743 ( 2 S.E.2d 417); Hamby v. Pye, 195 Ga. 366 ( 24 S.E.2d 201); Dennis v. Perkins, 88 Kan. 428 ( 129 P. 165, 43 L.R.A. (N.S.) 1219); Garrett v. Kirtley, 97 W. Va. 484 ( 125 S.E. 347, 40 A.L.R. 1222); Hagerty v. Union Guardian Trust Co., 258 Mich. 133 ( 242 N.W. 211, 85 A.L.R. 417); 42 C. J. S. 168, § 591.
Nevertheless, as was said in the Powell case, the courts are not powerless to adjust the equities of the parties in the event of another separation and application for support. "In such case the court in awarding alimony and attorneys' fees would take into consideration all the circumstances of the parties, i. e., the peculiar necessities of the wife, growing out of the pending litigation, her physical condition and her ability to contribute to her support, her separate estate, if any, including the consideration, or what remained thereof, paid under the former agreement, as compared with that of her husband, and his ability to pay." Powell v. Powell, 196 Ga. 694, 701 (supra).
Mrs. Moss testified that she still had about $7000 of the amount she had received from Mr. Moss under the foregoing contract. He contends that, considering this and other property he had given to her, she has a separate estate sufficient for her support, and is also financially able to conduct this litigation. The exceptions not only raise the question whether the facts and circumstances were such as to authorize allowance of any amount whatever as temporary alimony or attorneys' fees, but they also complain that each of the amounts allowed was excessive.
It appeared from the evidence that, some time before the first separation, Mr. Moss had given to Mrs. Moss a house with several acres of land, at Rising Fawn, in Dade County. Under the evidence, the judge could have found that this property was worth only about $5000. So, it appeared that the wife's separate estate, including the unconsumed part of the alimony settlement, amounted to about $12,000. According to the husband's own admission, he owned property, consisting of farms, a sawmill, gin, and home, worth about $133,000, and his liabilities were about $26,000. The evidence further authorized a finding that, despite his bad health and other difficulties, the various business enterprises conducted by him were in prosperous condition. He testified: "Defendant has drawn numerous checks from $100 to $250 per month and has checked out as much as $450 in cash in one month, and refused to tell plaintiff what she was doing with said money, and on one occasion took $300 in traveler's checks from plaintiff's home and used them for her own personal use. Plaintiff has stood for this, hoping to have a little peace, but the more money she had the worse she became in her treatment of plaintiff."
Mrs. Moss testified: "I think it would take $500 a month to maintain me in the way Mr. Moss and I lived prior to the time of the separation. You know I have a child. Before we married, when I was getting my divorce, he asked me to withdraw the alimony part from the Hair family. He told me he would adopt my child, or put the money aside to put her through high school and college, but he did neither."
The evidence showed Mrs. Moss to be about 32 years of age, while Mr. Moss is about 57. He had been married before, his first wife having died. There are three children of that marriage, all having reached their majority. There are no children of the present marriage.
Since the separation, Mr. Moss has been living in one of his farm houses, while Mrs. Moss has continued to occupy the dwelling house in which they had formerly lived together, in Calhoun, Georgia. She testified that this house would rent for about $50 per month. It is insisted that the judge overlooked and failed to consider these facts in determining the amount of alimony which he would allow; also that he failed to take into consideration the separate estate of the defendant, including the amount received by her under the contract of May 17, 1944, and previous contributions made by the plaintiff in the creation of her said separate estate. There is nothing in the record or bill of exceptions to show affirmatively that the judge failed to consider any of these matters, and, consequently, it must be assumed that he did consider them. While it may be true that the separate estate of Mrs. Moss was such that she herself could have paid for the services of her attorneys, and could also have paid for her maintenance and support pending a determination of the issue as to permanent alimony, yet, under all the circumstances of the case, including the husband's financial status, the judge was not required as a matter of law to render judgment against her upon that ground. The Code, § 30-203, provides that: "In arriving at the proper provision, the judge shall consider the peculiar necessities of the wife, growing out of the pending litigation; also any evidence of a separate estate owned by the wife, and if such estate is ample, as compared with the husband's, temporary alimony may be refused." (Italics ours.) Thus, while the judge might have refused temporary alimony, he was not required to do so in the circumstances presented. Ayers v. Ayers, 191 Ga. 777 ( 13 S.E.2d 778). The decisions in Pinckard v. Pinckard, 22 Ga. 31 (68 Am. D. 481), and Killiam v. Killiam, 25 Ga. 186, when considered in the light of their facts, do not require a different conclusion; nor do any of the other decisions cited for the plaintiff in error, including several by courts of other States. On the general question, see Hood v. Hood, 138 Md. 355 ( 113 A. 895, 15 A.L.R. 774), with the annotation in A.L.R. beginning at page 781.
Under our law, the judge has a broad discretion, and it will not be controlled by this court unless it has been manifestly abused. Etheridge v. Etheridge, 149 Ga. 44 ( 99 S.E. 37); Rigdon v. Rigdon, 174 Ga. 903 ( 164 S.E. 677); Caswell v. Caswell, 179 Ga. 676 ( 177 S.E. 247). Under the facts and circumstances of this case, the judge was authorized in his discretion to allow some amounts as temporary alimony and attorneys' fees, and it cannot be said as a matter of law that either amount was excessive. As to attorneys' fees, see Collins v. Collins, 29 Ga. 517; Rogers v. Rogers, 103 Ga. 763 ( 30 S.E. 659); Spooner v. Spooner, 149 Ga. 467 ( 100 S.E. 571); Statham v. Statham, 182 Ga. 805 ( 187 S.E. 17); Morris v. West, 183 Ga. 214 ( 187 S.E. 861); Hall v. Hall, 185 Ga. 502, 506 (4) ( 195 S.E. 731).
Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur, except Head, J., who dissents.