Opinion
November 23, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Queens County (Corrado, J.H.O.).
Ordered that the judgment is reversed, on the law and the facts, with costs, the motion is denied, the complaint is reinstated, and that the matter is remitted to Supreme Court, Queens County, for a new trial.
The plaintiff presented evidence which tended to establish that on June 1, 1996, the defendant violently pushed her to the floor. That act resulted in police intervention, and in the issuance of numerous orders of protection excluding the defendant from the marital residence. As a result of the incident the plaintiff suffered bruises which are graphically depicted by photographs submitted in evidence. Other evidence tended to establish that the incident was the culmination of months of tension, during which the parties "fought every single day", and the defendant continually berated the plaintiff, and called her offensive names.
The Supreme Court dismissed the plaintiff's action for divorce, which was based on allegations of cruel and inhuman treatment ( see, Domestic Relations Law § 170), at the close of her case. The court stated that "one or even two acts of physical cruelty in a long marriage does not satisfy the level of cruel and inhuman treatment required under the law" under Hessen v. Hessen ( 33 N.Y.2d 406) and Brady v. Brady ( 64 N.Y.2d 339). We reverse.
In Hessen v. Hessen (supra), the Court of Appeals stated that pursuant to Domestic Relations Law § 170 (1), a divorce may be granted based upon a showing that the "mental well being" of the complaining spouse is endangered by conduct on the part of the defendant spouse which renders "cohabitation 'improper', though not necessarily 'unsafe'" ( Hessen v. Hessen, supra, at 410). The Court of Appeals added that objective proof of physical or mental injury is "not a prerequisite" ( Hessen v. Hessen, supra, at 411).
The standard defined in Hessen v. Hessen (supra) permits the issuance of a divorce pursuant to Domestic Relations Law § 170 Dom. Rel. (1) in cases where the plaintiff's mental well-being is endangered by the defendant's misconduct, even if such misconduct involves only one act of overt physical violence ( see, M. M. v. E. M., 248 A.D.2d 109; see also, Allwell v. Allwell, 252 A.D.2d 683; Chiarello v. Chiarello, 51 A.D.2d 1089), or no overt physical violence at all ( see, Blaise v. Blaise, 206 A.D.2d 715; Pfeil v. Pfeil, 100 A.D.2d 725; Bulger v. Bulger, 88 A.D.2d 895). Considering all the circumstances here, including but not limited to the evidence presented concerning the June 1, 1996, incident, the plaintiff established a prima facie case in accordance with this standard. The judgment appealed from must therefore be reversed, and the matter remitted for a new trial.
Bracken, J. P., Miller, Ritter and Thompson, JJ., concur.