Medrano v. State

Full title: MARCO MEDRANO, Appellant v. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

Court: Court of Appeals of Texas, First District, Houston

Date published: Feb 5, 2009

Nos. 01-07-00428-CR, 01-07-00429-CR (Tex. App. Feb. 5, 2009)

Opinion

Nos. 01-07-00428-CR, 01-07-00429-CR

Opinion issued February 5, 2009.

On Appeal from County Criminal Court at Law No. 8, Harris County, Texas, Trial Court Cause Nos. 1420277 and 1420278.

Panel consists of Justices TAFT, BLAND, and SHARP.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

JIM SHARP, Justice.

In trial-court case number 1420277 (appellate case number 01-07-00428-CR), appellant, Marco Medrano, was convicted by a jury of the enhanced offense of operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated, with a previous one-time conviction for operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§ 49.04, .09(a), (h) (Vernon 2003 Supp. 2008). The trial court assessed punishment at 1 year in jail and a $300 fine. The trial court suspended appellant's sentence and placed him on community supervision for one year, including 5 days confinement in jail. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 13(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2008) (minimum term of community supervision of not less than 5 days confinement in jail if defendant punished under Penal Code section 49.09(a) and subject to Penal Code section 49.09(h)). In trial-court case number 1420278 (appellate case number 01-07-00429-CR), appellant, Marco Medrano, was convicted by a jury of operating a motor vehicle on a highway during a period that his driver's license was suspended. See Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 521.457(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2008). The trial court assessed punishment at 3 days in jail and a $100 fine.¹

1 The judgment in trial-court case number 1420278 designates the offense as a Class B misdemeanor. The version of Transportation Code section 521.457applicable at the time of the commission of the offense defines punishment as follows:

(e) Except as provided by Subsection (f), an offense under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by:

(1) a fine not less than $100 or more than $500; and

(2) confinement in county jail for a term of not less than 72hours or more than six months.

(f) If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that the person has previously been convicted of an offense under this section or an offense under Section 601.371(a), as that law existed before September 1, 2003, the offense is a Class A misdemeanor.

Act of May 1, 1995, 74th Leg., R.S., ch. 165, § 1, sec. 521.457(e) 1995 Tex. Gen. Laws 1025, 1576, amended by Act of May 27, 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., ch. 1027, § 8,2007 Tex. Gen. Laws 3567, 3568; Act of May 1, 1995, 74th Leg., R.S., ch. 165, § 1, sec. 521.457 (f), 1995 Tex. Gen. Laws 1025, 1576, amended by Act of May 28, 2003,78th Leg., R.S., ch. 855, § 1, sec. 521.457(f), 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 2650, 2650, amended by Act of May 27, 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., ch. 1027, § 8, 2007 Tex. Gen. Laws 3567, 3568. An offense committed before the effective date of the 2007amendment, which is September 1, 2007, is governed by the former law. Act of May27, 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., ch. 1027, §§ 17, 18, 2007 Tex. Gen. Laws 3567, 3571. This punishment is classified as a Class B misdemeanor because it is not a felony and confinement in a jail is a possible punishment. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.41(2) (Vernon 2003). The current version of Transportation Code section 521.457designates the offense as a Class C misdemeanor, which can be enhanced to a Class B misdemeanor. Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 521.457(e), (f), (f-1) (Vernon Supp. 2008).

Facts

Around 2:45 a.m. on December 4, 2006, Houston Police Department Officer John Garcia noticed that appellant was driving on South Shepherd with his blinker on for an extended period of time and that appellant's vehicle was weaving in and out of the lane by about a "quarter of his vehicle." Appellant turned into a parking lot, spoke with the driver of another vehicle, and drove back onto South Shepherd. Garcia stated that appellant was not weaving into oncoming traffic and that the weaving was not unsafe as it was not endangering other people. Garcia also testified that appellant was driving in an area that has a high volume of intoxicated drivers. Based on his experience and observations, Garcia pulled over appellant to conduct a temporary investigative detention. After Garcia observed that appellant appeared intoxicated, Garcia asked Officer Jimmy Vera, who was working nearby, to assist. Vera conducted field sobriety tests and ultimately arrested appellant. Before taking appellant to the police station, Vera had the police dispatcher check appellant's driver's license and was told that appellant's license was suspended.

DWI Conviction

In trial-court case number 1420277 (appellate case number 01-07-00428-CR), appellant brings a single point of error in which he contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the evidence resulting from what he claims was an unlawful detention. Appellant argues that he committed no traffic offense, and therefore Officer Garcia had no valid reason to pull him over and detain him. Appellant analyzes this appeal presuming that the detention was warranted only if Officer Garcia observed a traffic violation. Appellant argues that the only possible traffic violation was failure to "drive as nearly as practical entirely within a single lane." See Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 545.060(a) (Vernon 1999). He further cites cases in which a temporary detention was not warranted based solely on crossing into another lane. See State v. Huddleston, 164 S.W.3d 711, 714 (Tex.App.-Austin 2005, no pet.) (DWI; officer based stop solely on crossing into another lane); Eichler v. State, 117 S.W.3d 897, 901 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, no pet.) (possession of controlled substance; officer based stop solely on crossing into another lane); Bass v. State, 64 S.W.3d 646, 648-51 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 2001, pet. ref'd) (possession of controlled substance; officer based stop solely on swerving within lane); State v. Cerny, 28 S.W.3d 796, 801 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.) (DWI; officer based stop solely on swerving within lane); Hernandez v. State, 983 S.W.2d 867, 868, 870 (Tex.App.-Austin 1998, pet. ref'd) (DWI; officer based stop solely on crossing into another lane because he was concerned about defendant's "well-being" and did not testify that he suspected defendant was intoxicated); State v. Tarvin, 972 S.W.2d 910, 910-12 (Tex.App.-Waco 1998, pet. ref'd) (DWI; officer based stop solely on crossing into another lane). At the hearing on appellant's motion to suppress, the trial court made the following ruling:

THE COURT: The Motion to Suppress is denied. The Court makes the following findings of fact and conclusions of law: That the officer observed the defendant's vehicle weaving in and out of his lane on two separate occasions, and also observed the vehicle with his indicator light on for an extended period of time and not making the turn that was indicated by the indication light.

And that this is an area in the City that is known for having, you know, intoxicated drivers drive at that time of the night, at 2:45 or 2:30 in the morning. And the law, under Terry versus Ohio and Davis versus State, is that, The officer may stop and briefly detain a person for investigative purposes if the officer has a reasonable suspicion, supported by articulable facts, that criminal activity may be afoot even if the officer lacks evidence rising to the level of probable cause.

And based on the facts that were testified to by this officer, the Court finds that those — — that he had reasonable suspicions, supported by articulable facts that criminal activity may be afoot and the stop was reasonable. That's the Court's finding.

On appeal, we must give great deference to the trial court's findings of facts. Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85, 89 (Tex.Crim.App. 1997). Mixed questions of law and fact that do not turn on an evaluation of a witness's credibility and demeanor are reviewed de novo. Id. Because the issue in this appeal does not involve a disagreement about the facts or the credibility of a witness, but rather whether the officer had reasonable suspicion to stop appellant, we review the issue de novo. When a police officer stops a defendant without a warrant and without the defendant's consent, the State has the burden at a suppression hearing of proving the reasonableness of the stop. Russell v. State, 717 S.W.2d 7, 9-10 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986). A police officer can stop and briefly detain a person for investigative purposes if the officer has a reasonable suspicion supported by articulable facts that criminal activity may be afoot, even if the officer lacks evidence rising to the level of probable cause. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 29, 88 S. Ct. 1868 (1968); Woods v. State, 956 S.W.2d 33, 35 (Tex.Crim.App. 1997); Francis v. State, 896 S.W.2d 406, 409 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1995), pet. dism'd, 922 S.W.2d 176, 177 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996). The reasonableness of a temporary detention must be examined in terms of the totality of the circumstances and will be justified when the detaining officer has specific articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences from those facts, lead the officer to conclude that the person detained actually is, has been, or soon will be engaged in criminal activity. Woods, 956 S.W.2d at 38. The trial court based its denial of the motion to suppress on the following circumstances: (1) appellant weaved in and out of his lane; (2) appellant's turn-signal indicator light was on for an extended period of time and he did not turn; and (3) appellant was driving in an area and at a time when the police know there are an increased number of intoxicated drivers. Based on these specific articulable facts, we conclude that Officer Garcia was justified in temporarily detaining appellant based on a reasonable suspicion of intoxication. See Cook v. State, 63 S.W.3d 924, 928-29 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. ref'd) (distinguishing facts of Cerny, 28 S.W.3d 796, Hernandez, 983 S.W.2d 867, and Tarvin, 972 S.W.2d 910). We overrule appellant's sole point of error.

Driving-Suspended-License Conviction

In trial-court case number 1420278 (appellate case number 01-07-00429-CR), appellant brings two points of error in which he contends (1) the trial court erred admitting his driving record from the Texas Department of Public Safety because the record is hearsay and (2) there is legally and factually insufficient evidence to demonstrate that appellant knew that his driver's license had been suspended. Contrary to appellant's argument, this Court has held that a DPS driver's license record is a public record under Texas Rule of Evidence 803(8), which is an exception to the hearsay rule, Texas Rule of Evidence 802. See Tanner v. State, 875 S.W.2d 8, 9-10 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, pet. ref'd). Tanner rejected the same argument appellant makes in this appeal, that Rule 803(8)'s exception for "matters observed by police officers and other law enforcement personnel" applies to DPS driver's license records. Appellant neither discusses Tanner nor cites to any Texas authority that distinguishes or limits Tanner.² We overrule point of error one. In point of error two, appellant contends the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to demonstrate appellant knew his driver's license had been suspended. Appellant cites no case-law or statutory authority for this proposition, other than Transportation Code section 521.457. Neither appellant nor the State, however, cite to section 521.457(c) and (d):

(c) It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the person did not receive actual notice of a suspension imposed as a result of a conviction for an offense under Section 521.341.

(d) Except as provided by Subsection (c), it is an affirmative defense to prosecution of an offense, other than an offense under Section 521.341, that the person did not receive actual notice of a cancellation, suspension, revocation, or prohibition order relating to the person's license. For purposes of this section, actual notice is presumed if the notice was mailed in accordance with law.

Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 521.457(c), (d) (Vernon Supp. 2008). At best, it was appellant's burden to prove he did not receive actual notice of the suspension of his driver's license, to request an issue in the charge, and to prove this affirmative defense by a preponderance of the evidence. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 2.04 (Vernon 2003). We overrule point of error two.

Conclusion

We affirm the judgments in both trial-court case number 1420277 (appellate case number 01-07-00428-CR) and trial-court case number 1420278 (appellate case number 01-07-00429-CR).