Summary
In Mays, a juvenile court waived jurisdiction in one cause number, the criminal court assumed jurisdiction over Mays in a different cause number, and Mays argued, with regard to the case in adult court, that no juvenile court waived jurisdiction over him in that cause number.
Summary of this case from Bell v. State No. 01-03-01345-CR
Opinion Issued May 19, 2005. DO NOT PUBLISH. Tex.R.App.P. 47.2(b).
On Appeal from the 351st District Court, Harris County, Texas, Trial Court Cause No. 921878.
Panel consists of Chief Justice RADACK and Justices HIGLEY and BLAND.
SHERRY RADACK, Chief Justice.
Appellant, Rashard Tramon Mays, pleaded guilty to felony aggravated robbery and the trail court assessed punishment at forty-five years' confinement. In this appeal, we consider whether (1) jurisdiction was properly with the trial court and (2) the trial court's assessment of punishment at forty-five years' confinement is an abuse of discretion. We affirm.
Facts
On April 1, 2002, at approximately 10:11 p.m., Deputy Ecke responded to a call regarding a shooting at the Royal Mart Convenience Store located at 8235 Windfern Street. Upon his arrival, Deputy Ecke discovered a male laying face down in a pool of blood, at which point Cypress Creek Medical Emergency personnel arrived and pronounced the complainant, Sukhdev Singh, dead. The video surveillance from the store showed that two males entered the store and proceeded to shoot the complainant with a pistol. The following investigation by Detective Klim led to information implicating the defendant in the robbery. On May 17, 2002, Detective Klim went to appellant's home to discuss the robbery, at which point appellant admitted he was in the store at the time of the shooting and identified the codefendant, Michael Holbert, as the shooter. A subsequently taped statement from appellant relayed the facts of the crime and stipulated that appellant, along with two codefendants, went to rob the Royal Mart Convenience Store in a stolen car, that the appellant and codefendant Holbert entered the store to carry out the same, and that Holbert shot the store clerk. Appellant was indicted in the 313th District Court of Harris County, a juvenile court, because he was sixteen years old, and was subsequently certified in an order waiving jurisdiction in case number 2002-05597J-Amended to the 351st District Court so that he could be tried as an adult. The 351st District Court of Harris County assumed jurisdiction by order over the defendant in case number 2002-04919J-Amended. Appellant thereafter pleaded guilty to aggravated robbery, a first degree felony, on January 21, 2003, in the 351st District Court, and the judge ordered a presentence investigation report (PSI) be conducted prior to sentencing on October 16, 2003. The PSI recounted the facts of the crime as described above, as well as appellant involvement in previous crimes, including a car theft in which he pleaded guilty to evading arrest, a charge of trespass on school property, and a charge of assault. Appellant filed a motion requesting punishment be assessed at community supervision in light of his age. In support of that request, appellant submitted twelve letters detailing his remorse, strong moral character, and religious involvement; his school transcripts, which indicated that he was a good student; and informational letters from colleges that had expressed interest in him. At the sentencing hearing on December 3, 2003, the judge assessed appellant's punishment at forty-five years' confinement, and appellant perfected this appeal. Trial Court Jurisdiction
In his first point of error, appellant complains that the 351st District Court did not properly obtain jurisdiction over his aggravated robbery charge because the order signed by the 313th District Court, a juvenile court, waiving jurisdiction over appellant did not correspond with the order signed by the 351st District Court assuming jurisdiction. The juvenile court entered its order waiving jurisdiction over appellant in cause number 2002055971J-Amended and the 351st District Court entered its order assuming jurisdiction over appellant in cause number 2002-04919J-Amended. The crux of appellant's complaint is that the two numbers in the orders that waive and assume jurisdiction are in conflict, and, therefore, the 351st District Court never obtained proper jurisdiction over appellant. The legislature has addressed jurisdictional objections involving the certification of juveniles from juvenile court to criminal district court by statute. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 4.18 (Vernon 2005). Specifically, article 4.18(a) provides that a claim alleging that a district court or criminal district court does not have jurisdiction over a person because jurisdiction is exclusively in the juvenile court must be made by written motion in bar of prosecution filed with the court in which criminal charges against the defendant are filed. Further, the motion must be filed and presented to the presiding judge of the court before the defendant enters a plea of guilty or no contest. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 4.18(b)(1). A person who does not file a motion within the time requirements of the statute may not contest the jurisdiction of the court on the ground that exclusive jurisdiction rests with the juvenile court. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 4.18(d)(1). A plain reading of the statute indicates that jurisdictional objections must be made to the district court before entering a plea or they are waived. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 4.18. In Rushing v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals unequivocally stated that article 4.18 prevents a jurisdictional objection from being asserted in any context if the statute's preservation requirements are not met. Rushing v. State, 85 S.W.3d 283, 286 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996). The failure to object to the district court regarding its jurisdiction before any plea of guilty does not comport with the time restrictions dictated by the statute. Id. Therefore, a party who has not objected to the district court may not seek redress for jurisdictional errors on appeal. Id.; see also Miller v. State, 981 S.W.2d 447 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 1998, pet. ref'd) (holding that defendant could not challenge that jurisdiction was not properly certified by juvenile court to district court due to inconsistencies in the indictment because he failed to object prior to trial adjudicating guilt in district court); Robles v. State, No. 13-02-726-CR, 2004 WL 2335195, at *2 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2004, no pet.) (finding that when appellant pleaded guilty to offense charged without objecting to transfer of jurisdiction from juvenile court to district court, he failed to comply with article 4.18's time requirements and therefore failed to preserve any complaint for appeal). Under the current facts, appellant seeks reversal by arguing that the district court never obtained proper jurisdiction because of a numbering conflict between the juvenile court's order waiving jurisdiction and the district court's order assuming jurisdiction. This is a jurisdictional challenge to a juvenile court certification and is controlled by article 4.18. However, appellant points to no evidence in the record where he made any objection to the district court asserting a jurisdictional challenge. Appellant failed to raise any jurisdictional objections to the district court prior to his plea of guilty as required by article 4.18. Id. Therefore, appellant failed to preserve any jurisdictional objection for appeal. See Rushing 85 S.W.3d at 286. We overrule appellant's first point of error. Assessment of Punishment
In his second point of error, appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion in assessing punishment at forty-five years' confinement for the felony offense of aggravated robbery. Appellant asserts that he is a probation-eligible juvenile and that the length of his sentence is grossly disproportionate to the crime committed, constituting an abuse of discretion by the trial court. Appellant does not contend that the sentence was constitutionally disproportionate, but rather that the length of the sentence assessed is at the higher end of the punishment range and is, therefore, an abuse of discretion. Traditionally, the trial court is given great discretion in assessing the punishment of a defendant. Samuel v. State, 477 S.W.2d 611, 614 (Tex.Crim.App. 1972). "When a defendant waives a jury trial, the trial judge has discretion to assess punishment within the range provided by law which he finds appropriate in the circumstances." Morano v. State, 572 S.W.2d 550, 551 (Tex.Crim.App. 1978). Typically, a punishment within the statutory range provided by the legislature will not be found to be an abuse of discretion. Id.; Jackson v. State, 680 S.W.2d 809, 814 (Tex.Crim.App. 1984); Baldridge v. State, 77 S.W.3d 890, 893-94 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. ref'd); Benjamin v. State, 874 S.W.2d 132, 135 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, no writ). The trial court will be found to have abused its discretion only if there is no evidence or factual basis for punishment imposed. Jackson, 680 S.W.2d at 814; Benjamin, 874 S.W.2d at 135. It is within this framework that we review appellant's claim that the trial court abused its discretion in assessing punishment at forty-five years' confinement. Appellant pleaded guilty to aggravated robbery, a first-degree felony as defined by § 29.03 of the Texas Penal Code. The legislature has prescribed the range of punishment for such a crime at imprisonment for life or any term of years not more than ninety-nine, nor less than five. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.32. In this case, the trial court assessed punishment at forty-five years, in the lower half of the punishment range provided by the legislature. Id. Therefore, the trial court will be afforded discretion in that determination. Jackson, 680 S.W.2d at 814 (holding that the trial court is given great discretion when the sentence imposed is within the statutory guidelines). Therefore, we must ascertain whether there was some evidence or factual basis for the trial court's assessment, while affording the court its due discretion. The PSI showed that appellant and a codefendant robbed a convenience store and that, during the robbery, appellant's codefendant shot and killed the complainant. Appellant thereafter pleaded guilty to the offense of aggravated robbery. In addition, the PSI listed various other offenses involving appellant, including auto theft and evading arrest. These facts are more than sufficient to find that the trial court had some evidence on which to rely in sentencing appellant to a term of years in the lower half of the statutory guidelines. Appellant correctly relies on Jackson v. State for the proposition that a sentence within the statutory guidelines may still be an abuse of discretion. 680 S.W.2d 809. However, the facts in Jackson are inapposite. In Jackson, a different judge than the judge who adjudicated guilt presided over the punishment phase of the trial. Id. at 811. The judge assessing punishment failed to read the record from the guilt-/innocence phase of the trial and entertained "no evidence of the offense, no information about the defendant, no punishment evidence, [and] no plea bargain." Id. at 814. The court found that the trial judge had no evidence before him with which to assess punishment and, therefore, abused his discretion. Id. Jackson is clearly distinguishable from the case at bar because the same trial court presided over the adjudication of guilt as well as the punishment phase. Further, the trial court heard evidence from both the State, relating appellant's prior criminal activities, and from the appellant's family, detailing his positive qualities. This evidence and testimony provided a proper factual basis for the court to assess punishment. The sentence imposed by the trial court is within the statutory guidelines and we will afford the trial court great discretion. Further, the trial court heard ample evidence from the State and the appellant during the punishment phase with which to make an assessment of punishment. We overrule appellant's second point of error. Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.