Opinion
November 15, 1988
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Onondaga County, Murphy, J.
Present — Callahan, J.P., Doerr, Green, Pine and Davis, JJ.
Order and judgment unanimously modified on the law and as modified affirmed without costs, and matter remitted to Supreme Court, Onondaga County, for further proceedings in accordance with the following memorandum: Defendant A.C. Towne Corp. (Towne) contracted with the plaintiff General Electric Co. (G.E.) to design and install a conveyor system to transport funnels of television picture tubes through the funnel-painting stage of the production process at G.E.'s manufacturing facility in Liverpool, New York. Towne installed the system using component parts manufactured and supplied by the defendant Jarvis B. Webb Company (Webb). It was apparent from the beginning of its operation that the system did not function properly. The most serious problem was excess fallout of debris which contaminated the funnels. This problem persisted despite repeated efforts by Towne to remedy it. Towne then consulted Webb, which inspected the system and thereafter sent a letter to Towne advising that it found the system to be a "first-class installation", that the fallout problem did not seem excessive, and that the system should perform well for G.E. Towne subsequently forwarded a copy of this letter to G.E. When the problems with the fallout persisted and, in fact, worsened, G.E. decided to scrap the system and replace it.
Thereafter G.E. commenced an action against Towne and Webb which included claims for breach of express and implied warranties against Towne, negligent assembly and installation against Towne, negligent design by Towne and negligent misrepresentation against Webb. After a jury trial, the jury awarded damages to plaintiff against both defendants. All parties have appealed.
The court erred in not granting Webb's posttrial motion to dismiss the complaint insofar as it alleged negligent misrepresentation against Webb. G.E. sought to premise liability upon Webb based upon statements of its representative made in a letter to Towne, a copy of which was subsequently sent to G.E. There is nothing in the record, however, to indicate that Webb either intended or expected that this communication would be forwarded to G.E. nor did Webb know that G.E. would rely upon it to its detriment. Thus, plaintiff failed to establish all the necessary elements to support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation (see, White v. Guarente, 43 N.Y.2d 356, 363; see also, Credit Alliance Corp. v. Andersen Co., 65 N.Y.2d 536, 551; Home Mut. Ins. Co. v. Broadway Bank Trust Co., 76 A.D.2d 24, affd 53 N.Y.2d 568). Furthermore, inasmuch as the damages established by G.E. are properly characterized as "economic loss" they are not recoverable in an action for tort based upon negligent misrepresentation (see, Schiavone Constr. Co. v. Elgood Mayo Corp., 56 N.Y.2d 667, revg 81 A.D.2d 221 on dissenting opn below; Krzys v. American Honda Motor Co., 124 A.D.2d 947, 948, lv denied 69 N.Y.2d 606; Hemming v. Certainteed Corp., 97 A.D.2d 976, appeal dismissed 61 N.Y.2d 758).
G.E., on its cross appeal, contends that the court improperly limited proof on excess labor costs. We agree. These extra expenses were incurred by G.E. during the period of debugging the replacement system. The court has discretion to permit an amendment to conform the pleadings to the proof (CPLR 3025 [c]; Loomis v. Civetta Corinno Constr. Corp., 54 N.Y.2d 18, 23, rearg denied 55 N.Y.2d 801; Murray v. City of New York, 43 N.Y.2d 400, 404-405, rearg dismissed 45 N.Y.2d 966; Sharkey v. Locust Val. Mar., 96 A.D.2d 1093, 1094). It is an abuse of discretion to deny a motion to conform unless the opposing party can allege demonstrable and real surprise or prejudice (Loomis v. Civetta Corinno Constr. Corp., supra, at 23; Guest v. City of Buffalo, Dept. of Sts. Sanitation, 109 A.D.2d 1080, 1081; Nixon Gear Mach. Co. v. Nixon Gear, 86 A.D.2d 746). Towne can make no such claim in this case. It had advance notice of the damages claimed through documents supplied to it by G.E. There can be no claim of prejudice because additional proof represents no more than a differing dollar amount of damages; the legal theory of the case and the essential proof were unchanged. Thus, the court should have allowed the amendment and the proof should have been permitted.
Accordingly, the cause of action against Webb is dismissed and the matter is remitted for a trial on the issue of damages for the excess labor claim against Towne for the period of May through July 1983.