Summary
discussing the substantial nonconformity "interpretation" of the perfect tender rule, in a case where plaintiff informed defendant that it no longer wanted defective machinery and, in face of defendant's silence, sold the machinery and sought to rescind the contract
Summary of this case from National Eastern Corp. v. Vegas Fastener MFGOpinion
(2291)
The plaintiff fabric manufacturing company sought rescission of the contract under which the defendant had agreed to deliver to it two used quilting machines. It also sought incidental damages. The evidence presented at trial indicated that the machines delivered to the plaintiff were defective and did not conform to the contract. On the defendant's appeal from the trial court's judgment rescinding the contract and awarding damages to the plaintiff, held that the conclusions of the trial court were legally and logically correct and were amply supported by the evidence.
Argued December 1, 1983
Decision released February 7, 1984
Action for the rescission of a contract, and for other relief, brought to the Superior Court in the judicial district of New Haven and tried to the court, Mancini, J.; judgment for the plaintiff and appeal by the defendant. No error.
Robert E. Quish, for the appellant (defendant).
Stuart A. Margolis, with whom, on the brief, was Jonathan J. Einhorn, for the appellee (plaintiff).
The plaintiff, a manufacturer of quilted fabrics, and the defendant, a dealer in used quilting machines, entered into an agreement whereby the defendant was to sell to the plaintiff two rebuilt quilting machines for $10,000 each. The agreement did not state that time was of the essence, but delivery was to be in March, 1980. The machines were to be delivered in "prime operating condition," and comply with standards set forth by the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA). The agreement also provided that the defendant would come to the plaintiff's place of business after delivery to "set up" the machines. The plaintiff made a deposit of $5000 on these machines.
The machines were not delivered until June 6, 1980. On June 9, the plaintiff's president notified the defendant that some vital parts of the machines were missing and that the defendant had failed to comply with the particular specifications regarding the utilization of "Pathe" parts. Shortly thereafter, payment was stopped on the check for $10,000 which the plaintiff had given the defendant upon delivery. In a telephone conversation on June 16, the plaintiff informed the defendant that it no longer wanted the machinery.
The plaintiff then commenced this action for rescission of the contract and for damages. Thereafter, the plaintiff contacted the defendant by letter for instructions for the disposition of the machines. Upon the defendant's silence, the plaintiff sold the machines for $5000. The case was tried to the court which ruled in favor of the plaintiff, rescinding the contract and awarding the plaintiff $700 to cover shipping costs. From that decision, the defendant has appealed.
This appeal, originally filed in the Supreme Court, was transferred to this court. Public Acts, Spec. Sess., June, 1983, No. 83-29, 2(c).
The defendant assigns as error the trial court's decision to rescind the contract and award the plaintiff incidental damages in the amount of $700.
The defendant's second claim of error was withdrawn.
Because the contract between the parties was a contract for the sale of goods, the law governing this transaction is to be found in article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). General Statutes 42a-2-101 through 42a-2-725; Plateq Corporation v. Machlett Laboratories, Inc., 189 Conn. 433, 436-37, 456 A.2d 786 (1983); Superior Wire Paper Products, Ltd. v. Talcott Tool Machine, Inc., 184 Conn. 10, 13, 441 A.2d 43 (1981). A buyer may rightfully reject, in whole or in part, an improper delivery "if the goods or the tender of delivery fail in any respect to conform to the contract . . . ." General Statutes 42a-2-601. Under the UCC, "[r]ejection of goods must be within a reasonable time after their delivery or tender. It is ineffective unless the buyer seasonably notifies the seller." General Statutes 42a-2-602(1); Bead Chain Mfg. Co. v. Saxton Products, Inc., 183 Conn. 266, 271, 439 A.2d 314 (1981). The buyer, however, may accept the goods even if they are nonconforming and pay for them; General Statutes 42a-2-607(1) and (4); or he may seasonably revoke his acceptance. General Statutes 42a-2-608.
The interpretation of the "perfect tender rule" requires a substantial nonconformity to the contract before a buyer may rightfully reject the goods. White Summers, Uniform Commercial Code (2d Ed.) 8-3.
It is against these legal principles that the defendant's claim of error is tested. The defendant challenges the trial court's conclusions rescinding the contract and awarding incidental damages. Our review of such claims is limited to a determination of whether the decision of the trial court is clearly erroneous. Pandolphe's Auto Parts, Inc. v. Manchester, 181 Conn. 217, 221-22, 435 A.2d 24 (1980).
The evidence at trial indicated that the machines had numerous defects and would have to be rebuilt to conform to the contract. The plaintiff notified the defendant of specific defects in the machines shortly after their delivery. They included, inter alia: (1) no aprons; (2) no feed rollers; (3) no top takeaway; (4) no lollipops; (5) no sticks; (6) no shuttles; (7) not converted to a Pathe machine; (8) no cloth bars or brackets; (9) no ratchet pin cam; (10) no guards or belts; (11) not up to OSHA standards; and (12) missing cover and gears. The plaintiff's expert witness testified as to why each of these nonconformities constituted a material noncompliance with the agreement. The defendant reassured the plaintiff that he would attend to these defects upon his visit to the plaintiff's premises to set up the machines. He, however, did not take any immediate actions to correct these defects. The plaintiff additionally paid $700 for the shipment of the machines to its place of business. Under the UCC, the buyer is entitled to "[i]ncidental damages resulting from the seller's breach [which] include expenses reasonably incurred in . . . transportation and care and custody of goods rightfully rejected . . . ." General Statutes 42a-2-715(1). We find the trial court's conclusion to be legally and logically correct and amply supported by the evidence.
The subsequent sale of the machines for $5000 by the plaintiff reimbursed it for the amount of the deposit; and therefore, the plaintiff is not claiming this amount as part of its damages.