Summary
In Foley, the Appellate Division, Second Department permitted an untimely reargument motion where the case serving as a basis for the underlying order was overruled by the U.S. Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, an extraordinary circumstance.
Summary of this case from Rizzo v. Progressive Capital Sols.Opinion
February 22, 1982
In a negligence action to recover damages for personal injuries, plaintiff appeals from an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Levitt, J.), dated October 27, 1980, which granted defendants' motion to dismiss the action for lack of jurisdiction. Order affirmed, without costs or disbursements. Defendants' motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction was essentially one to reargue a prior order ( Foley v. Roche, 68 A.D.2d 558) denying dismissal on that ground because the basis for that order ( Baden v. Staples, 45 N.Y.2d 889) had since been overruled by the Supreme Court of the United States in Rush v Savchuk ( 444 U.S. 320) and the Court of Appeals in Gager v. White ( 53 N.Y.2d 475). Reargument for such purpose is proper even if the period within which to appeal the prior order had expired ( Mosca v. Pensky, 41 A.D.2d 775; see Siegel, Practice Commentaries, McKinney's Cons Laws of NY, Book 7B, CPLR C2221:8). That this prior order had been made by the Appellate Division, First Department (prior to a change of venue to Nassau County), presents no difficulty here, despite the general law of the case principle that an Appellate Division ruling on a legal issue precludes subsequent reconsideration not only by Special Term ( Bolm v. Triumph Corp., 71 A.D.2d 429, 434, mot for lv to app dsmd 50 N.Y.2d 928), but also by the Appellate Division itself ( Osborn v. Cardeza, 208 N.Y. 131, 136-137; Gelman v. Joseph P. Day, Inc., 229 App. Div. 809, affd 255 N.Y. 584; Murphy v. Hofman Co., 157 App. Div. 88, 91-92, revd on other grounds 215 N.Y. 185), as well as by a different Appellate Division ( Stokes v. Hyde, 24 App. Div. 624; Feldman v. McGraw, 14 App. Div. 631). The doctrine of law of the case is "not an absolute mandate on the court," since it may be "ignored" in "extraordinary circumstances" vitiating its effectiveness as a rule fostering orderly convenience ( Politi v Irvmar Realty Corp., 13 A.D.2d 469; Walker v. Gerli, 257 App. Div. 249, 251; see Barrett v. State Mut. Life Assur. Co., 58 A.D.2d 320, 322, affd 44 N.Y.2d 872, cert den 440 U.S. 912), such as a change in the law or a showing of new evidence affecting the prior determination ( Matter of Yeampierre v. Gutman, 57 A.D.2d 898, 899). The error sought to be corrected must, however, be so "plain * * * [that it] would require [the] court to grant a reargument of a cause" ( Eaton v. Alger, 47 N.Y. 345, 348). Thus, in Malnati v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. ( 254 App. Div. 681), this court confronted its earlier determination sustaining fraud as a defense to an insurance policy's incontestability provision; subsequent to that first appeal, the Court of Appeals held to the contrary in another case involving precisely the same provision. Apparently without moving to reargue before the Appellate Division, the plaintiff moved at Special Term and that court overruled the defense. This court affirmed that determination, saying: "Since our former decision has affected neither the right nor the remedy of any party and the action is still pending and we now have an opportunity to correct our former decision, we should do so rather than compel the plaintiff to go through the wasteful formality of an appeal to the Court of Appeals. Under the circumstances, we may say an extraordinary and exceptional situation arises justifying us in departing from the rules". We believe a similar extraordinary situation exists in the case at bar. The prior determination of the First Department is plainly in error when viewed — retrospectively — in light of Rush v Savchuk ( 444 U.S. 320, supra) and Gager v. White ( 53 N.Y.2d 475, supra). Since the prior intermediate order had not been appealed to the Court of Appeals, the issue would be reviewable by that court on appeal from the final judgment in this case (CPLR 5501, subd [a]; cf. Walker v. Gerli, 257 App. Div. 249, supra). Were this court to reverse Special Term for its bold practicality, we would be unnecessarily subjecting defendants to the expense of trial and further appeals to obtain a preordained outcome. The law cannot be so unyielding. We have considered appellant's other arguments and have found them to be without merit. Therefore, we affirm. Titone, J.P., Mangano, Weinstein, O'Connor and Thompson, JJ., concur.