Summary
noting that compliance with the rules relating the procedure in appellate courts is mandatory in order to ensure that courts do not become advocates
Summary of this case from Kaderly v. KaderlyOpinion
WD 83906
06-29-2021
Isaiah DEERE and Isabel Deere by Her Next Friend William Jesse Blankenship, Jr., and William Jesse Blankenship, Jr., Appellant, v. April I. DEERE, Respondent.
William J. Blankenship, Jr., Appellant Pro Se. Cynthia H. Kramer, Fulton, MO, for respondent.
William J. Blankenship, Jr., Appellant Pro Se.
Cynthia H. Kramer, Fulton, MO, for respondent.
Before Division Four: Cynthia L. Martin, Chief Judge, Presiding, Lisa White Hardwick, Judge and Thomas N. Chapman, Judge
Cynthia L. Martin, Judge
William Jesse Blankenship, Jr. ("Blankenship") appeals from a judgment of paternity, custody and support. Because of material deficiencies in Blankenship's brief, and because of Blankenship's failure to file a transcript of the trial giving rise to the judgment, we are unable to conduct meaningful appellate review and Blankenship's appeal is dismissed.
Factual and Procedural Background
Blankenship and April Irene Deere ("Deere") were never married, but were at one time in a relationship. On September 14, 2014, embryos were created at a reproductive clinic in North Carolina using Blankenship's sperm and Deere's eggs. Blankenship and Deere's relationship ended near this time frame.
On September 11, 2017, Deere had the embryos implanted at her sole cost and expense. Blankenship claimed this was without his permission, and that his signature was required and forged in order for Deere to be able to access the embryos.
On May 18, 2018, twin children (a son and a daughter) were born to Deere from the implanted embryos. Blankenship requested a DNA test which determined in or around July 2018 that Blankenship was the biological father of the children.
On August 6, 2018, Blankenship filed a petition for determination of father-child relationship, order of custody, visitation, and child support against Deere in the Circuit Court of Callaway County. Blankenship's petition sought a legal declaration that he was the father of the two minor children, and an award of custody, parenting time, and child support. Blankenship was represented by counsel at that time he filed his petition. Deere filed an answer to the petition, and a counterclaim for a declaration of paternity, for custody, and for an award of child support.
A guardian-ad-litem ("GAL") was appointed to represent the interests of the children. During the pendency of the proceedings, several temporary consent judgments were entered awarding temporary joint legal and physical custody of the children to the parties, and setting forth temporary parenting time schedules.
In or around March 2020, Blankenship's attorney withdrew from his representation, and Blankenship began representing himself. On April 28, 2020, Blankenship's pleadings were stricken as a sanction for failing to deposit GAL fees as ordered.
On June 3, 2020, Deere's counterclaim was tried. On June 25, 2020, the trial court entered a judgment ("Judgment"). The trial court found that Blankenship and Deere were unsuccessful in being flexible with the parenting times set forth in temporary consent judgments. The trial court found that the parties were unable to communicate regarding the children's welfare and at exchanges of the children, and that the inability to communicate "adversely impacts the best interests of the children." The trial court noted that both children were experiencing speech development issues, and that son had been diagnosed as autistic, but that Blankenship "refused to allow the children to receive ... recommended services." The trial court further found that the parties had unsuccessfully participated in coparenting classes with a high conflict parenting counselor, and that the "parties are unable to work together for the children's best interests as coparents."
It appears from the record that the Judgment was file stamped on June 16, 2020. However, the Judgment was not signed by the trial judge until June 25, 2020.
The Judgment adopted Deere's proposed parenting plan and incorporated it by reference. That same proposed parenting plan had been recommended by the GAL, and continued the parenting time schedule set forth in the most recent temporary consent judgment. As a result, Blankenship was awarded visitation on alternate weekends and for certain holidays and special days, as set forth in the adopted parenting plan. Though Blankenship was awarded visitation, the Judgment awarded Deere sole legal and physical custody of the minor children.
After considering the parties' respective Form 14's, and finding that the parties are unable to communicate about sharing costs for health care, extraordinary expenses, or extra-curricular expenses, the trial court ordered Blankenship to pay Deere child support in the amount of $1,550 per month, and ordered Deere to provide health insurance for the children. Blankenship was also ordered to pay Deere $750 for GAL fees Deere paid in excess of her share, and $8,434 for one-half of the medical costs incurred by Deere in connection with in vitro fertilization of the embryos. The trial court ordered each party to pay his or her own attorney fees.
Blankenship filed this appeal.
Analysis
Deere filed a motion to dismiss Blankenship's appeal which was taken with the case. Deere contends that due to substantial violations of Rule 84.04, and Blankenship's failure to file a transcript in the record on appeal, Blankenship's appeal must be dismissed. We agree.
All Rule references are to Missouri Court Rules, Volume I -- State, 2021 unless otherwise noted.
Rule 84.04 Violations
" Rule 84.04 sets forth various requirements for appellate briefs, and compliance with these requirements is ‘mandatory to ensure that appellate courts do not become advocates by speculating on facts and on arguments that have not been made.’ " Duncan v. Duncan , 320 S.W.3d 725, 726 (Mo. App. E.D. 2010) (quoting Brown v. Ameristar Casino Kansas City, Inc. , 211 S.W.3d 145, 147 (Mo. App. W.D. 2007) ). "The failure to substantially comply with Rule 84.04 preserves nothing for review." Anderson v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co. , 173 S.W.3d 356, 357 (Mo. App. W.D. 2005). "Although [Blankenship] appears pro se , he is held to the same standard as attorneys and is subject to the mandatory appellate briefing requirements of Rule 84.04." Bennett v. Taylor , 615 S.W.3d 96, 98 (Mo. App. E.D. 2020). " ‘Judicial impartiality, judicial economy, and fairness to all parties necessitates that we do not grant pro se litigants preferential treatment with regard to their compliance with those procedural rules.’ " Id. (quoting Hamilton v. Archer , 545 S.W.3d 377, 379 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018) ).
Rule 84.04(a)(3) requires the brief for appellant to contain a statement of facts. Rule 84.04(c) provides that "[t]he statement of facts shall be a fair and concise statement of the facts relevant to the questions presented for determination without argument." In addition, "[a]ll statements of facts shall have specific page references to the relevant portion of the record on appeal...." Rule 84.04(c). Blankenship's amended appellant's brief, which was filed on February 8, 2021, includes a section called "statement of facts." However, Blankenship does not provide a fair and concise statement of the facts relevant to the questions presented for determination, and his statement of facts is instead replete with arguments, accusations, and caselaw discussion. Moreover, Blankenship's statement of facts contains no citations to the record. Both Rule 84.04(c) violations support dismissal of Blankenship's appeal. Duncan , 320 S.W.3d at 726-27 ; Brown , 211 S.W.3d at 147 (citing Missouri Highway & Transp. Comm'n v. Taylor , 839 S.W.2d 676, 678 (Mo. App. S.D. 1992) ; Cooper v. Bluff City Mobile Home Sales, Inc. , 78 S.W.3d 157, 165 (Mo. App. S.D. 2002) ).
Blankenship's initial appellant's brief was struck by this Court on December 1, 2020 due to its material failure to conform with the requirements of Rule 84.04.
Rule 84.04(a)(4) requires the brief for appellant to contain points relied on. Rule 84.04(d)(1) provides that a point relied on shall "(A) Identify the trial court ruling or action that the appellant challenges; (B) State concisely the legal reasons for the appellant's claim of reversible error; and (C) Explain in summary fashion why, in the context of the case, those legal reasons support the claim of reversible error." Although Blankenship's brief includes a page that is titled "Points Relied On/Similar Cases," the brief includes no points relied on at all, and instead launches into a discussion of frozen embryo case law that is unattached to any claimed or identified trial court error.
The purpose of Rule 84.04(d)(1) is "to give notice to the opposing party of the precise matters which must be contended with and to inform the court of the issues presented for review." Crawford Cty. Concerned Citizens v. Mo. Dep't of Nat. Res. , 51 S.W.3d 904, 908 (Mo. App. W.D. 2001) (internal quotation marks omitted). "The requirement that the point relied on clearly state the contention on appeal is not simply a judicial word game or a matter of hypertechnicality [sic] on the part of appellate courts." In re Marriage of Weinshenker , 177 S.W.3d 859, 863 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted). The absence of any points relied on in Blankenship's brief warrants dismissal of Blankenship's appeal. Brown , 211 S.W.3d at 147 (finding dismissal of appeal required where appellant's brief contained no points relied on); see also State v. Mullins , 140 S.W.3d 64, 68 (Mo. App. W.D. 2004) (holding that insufficient points relied on preserve nothing for appellate review).
Rule 84.04(a)(5) requires the brief for an appellant to contain "[a]n argument, which shall substantially follow the order of the points relied on." Rule 84.04(e) provides in addition that "[t]he argument shall be limited to those errors included in the ‘Points Relied On.’ " And, as to each claim of error, "the argument shall also include a concise statement describing whether the error was preserved for appellate review; if so, how it was preserved; and the applicable standard of review." Rule 84.04(e).
As Blankenship's brief contains no points relied on, it is axiomatic that the portion of his brief entitled "Argument/Reason for Appeal" does not comply with Rule 84.04(e)'s requirement that the argument be limited to the errors included in the Points Relied On. Moreover, the argument portion of Blankenship's brief has nothing at all to do with the cases addressing frozen embryos discussed in the part of the brief purporting to set forth points relied on. And, though the argument portion of the brief summarily states that Blankenship is trying to "obtain[ ] ... joint custody, reasonable visitation (weekly) and reasonable child support," the brief violates Rule 84.04(e) because it "fails to set forth the applicable standard of review, presents no legal arguments for reversal," and "does not develop [Blankenship's] claim[s] of error ‘by showing the interaction between the relevant principles of law and the facts of the particular case.’ " Duncan , 320 S.W.3d at 727 (quoting Johnson v. Buffalo Lodging Assocs. , 300 S.W.3d 580, 581 (Mo. App. E.D. 2009) ). Instead, Blankenship's brief "mainly consists of bare conclusions that lack any legal analysis or supporting rationale." Burgan v. Newman , 618 S.W.3d 712, 715 (Mo. App. E.D. 2021). Blankenship "essentially invites this Court to craft an argument on his behalf and conduct our own research; however, by doing so, we would impermissibly become [Blankenship's] advocate." Id. at 716.
Blankenship's violations of Rule 84.04 are substantial, and not mere technicalities. His failure to substantially comply with Rule 84.04 requires us to dismiss his appeal. Duncan , 320 S.W.3d at 727 (" Rule 84.04 violations are ‘grounds for a court to dismiss an appeal.’ " (quoting Shochet v. Allen , 987 S.W.2d 516, 518 (Mo. App. E.D. 1999) )). We do so reluctantly. This Court always prefers where possible to decide matters on the merits. McDowell v. St. Luke's Hosp. of Kansas City , 572 S.W.3d 127, 130 n.1 (Mo. App. W.D. 2019) ("It is always our preference to resolve an appeal on the merits of the case rather than to dismiss an appeal for deficiencies in the brief." (internal quotation marks omitted)). However, we exercise our discretion to review noncompliant briefs ex gratia only when " ‘we can ascertain the gist of an appellant's arguments, notwithstanding minor shortcomings in briefing.’ " Burgan , 618 S.W.3d at 714 (quoting Unifund CCR Partners v. Myers , 563 S.W.3d 740, 743 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018) ). Blankenship's briefing deficiencies are not minor, and instead his brief "is so deficient that we are not able to conduct a meaningful review of his case without becoming an advocate for him, which we cannot do." Id. at 716.
We dismiss Blankenship's appeal in light of substantial Rule 84.04 briefing deficiencies.
Deere's motion to dismiss Blankenship's appeal, which was taken with the case, is therefore granted.
Failure to File a Transcript
Even if Blankenship's Rule 84.04 briefing deficiencies were of a nature that they could be overlooked, which they are not, we would nonetheless be required to dismiss this appeal because Blankenship has failed to provide us with a transcript from the trial. " ‘Rule 81.12 specifies the record which must be provided by an appellant on appeal and imposes upon an appellant the duty to file the transcript and prepare a legal file so that the record contains all evidence necessary to make determinations on the issues raised.’ " Cantwell v. Cantwell , 315 S.W.3d 384, 386 (Mo. App. W.D. 2010) (quoting Carter v. State , 253 S.W.3d 580, 582 (Mo. App. S.D. 2008) ). Blankenship compiled a legal file, but he did not file a transcript. Though deficiencies in Blankenship's brief render it impossible to discern the specific claims of error being asserted, it is clear from summary statements in the brief that Blankenship disagrees with the Judgement. For example, in the Conclusion portion of his brief, Blankenship asks this Court to "modify the [trial] court's decision for custody, visitation and reasonable modification of child support." Without the transcript, we have no way of knowing what the testimony or admitted evidence was at trial, and thus no way to determine whether the trial court erred in its custody, parenting time, or child support findings and conclusions. See Cantwell , 315 S.W.3d at 386-87 (holding that "[w]ithout the transcript, this Court has no way to assess [appellant's] claim that the trial court abused its discretion" in a modification of custody hearing); Dressel v. Dressel , 221 S.W.3d 475, 477 (Mo. App. E.D. 2007) ("Because [appellant] failed to file a transcript of the hearings in the dissolution of marriage proceedings, this Court has no way to determine whether the trial court did in fact err in its judgments.").
Blankenship's failure to provide this Court with the necessary record to review his claims provides an alternative basis for dismissal of his appeal. Cantwell , 315 S.W.3d at 386-87 ; Dressel , 221 S.W.3d at 477.
Conclusion
Blankenship's appeal is dismissed.
Deere also filed a motion for an award of attorney's fees pursuant to Rule 84.19, which authorizes an award of attorney's fees "[i]f an appellate court shall determine that an appeal is frivolous." We took the motion for an award of attorney's fees with the case, and now deny the motion. Rule 84.19 sanctions are awarded "only with great caution lest we chill others from filing meritorious appeals." Johnson v. Aldi, Inc. , 971 S.W.2d 911, 912 (Mo. App. E.D. 1998). Though Blankenship's brief substantially failed to comply with Rule 84.04 as to require dismissal of his appeal, that is not a basis in and of itself to impose Rule 84.19 sanctions. The disagreements summarily noted by Blankenship's brief with the Judgment's custody, parenting time, and child support findings were not preserved for appellate review. But we cannot say that Blankenship's disagreements with the Judgment are "so manifestly and palpably devoid of merit as to be completely untenable." Nimrod v. State , 14 S.W.3d 103, 110 (Mo. App. W.D. 2000).
All concur