Summary
In Day, the Court did not address whether health insurance coverage was properly made part of the court's spousal support award.
Summary of this case from Wroblewski v. RussellOpinion
46003 No. 0610-88-4
Decided July 5, 1989
(1) Domestic Relations — Jurisdiction — Standard. — It is well settled that jurisdiction in divorce suits is purely statutory; as such, it cannot be acquired by the court inferentially or through indirection.
(2) Domestic Relations — Marital Obligations — Standard. — The trial court is authorized by statute to order monetary payments only in the form of spousal support or monetary awards made pursuant to Code Sec. 20-107.3.
(3) Courts — Judgments — Standard. — The provisions of a divorce decree must be declared void if the character of the judgment was beyond the power of the court to render.
Dennis J. Smith (Robert E. Shoun, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
Mark A. Barondess (Sandground, Smolen, Barondess, West Plevy, P.C., on brief), for appellee.
SUMMARY
Husband appealed the judgment of the circuit court that ordered him to assume responsibility for certain marital debts arising from credit card obligations and an auto loan (Circuit Court of Fairfax County, Barnard F. Jennings, Judge).
The Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the trial court lacked authority to order the husband to make payments on the debt directly to the creditors.
Reversed and remanded.
OPINION
The main issue in this divorce suit is whether the trial court erred in ordering the appellant, Thomas Franklin Day, II (husband) to assume responsibility for certain marital debts arising from credit card obligations and an auto loan. We find that the trial court had no statutory authority to order the husband to pay these debts and therefore, we void this provision of the final divorce decree.
Other issues raised by the husband on this appeal have no precedential or public value, and therefore, are considered and disposed of in an unpublished memorandum opinion filed with the clerk of this Court from whom it is available upon request.
In October 1986, the appellee, Burnadeane Eileen Cumbie Day (wife), filed a suit for divorce alleging cruelty and constructive desertion. She also prayed for custody of the parties' two children, spousal and child support, and a monetary award pursuant to Code Sec. 20-107.3. The husband filed a cross-bill seeking a divorce on the ground of desertion. He also sought custody of the parties' two children, child support, and a monetary award under Code Sec. 20-107.3.
In December 1986, the trial court referred this cause to a commissioner in chancery who, after an ore tenus hearing in June 1987, recommended that a divorce be granted to the wife on the grounds of the husband's willful cruelty and constructive desertion. Exceptions to the commissioner's report were filed by the husband in August 1987. On December 28, 1987, the parties appeared at a hearing in the trial court for entry of the final divorce decree. The trial court overruled the exceptions to the commissioner's report filed by the husband and granted the wife a divorce a vinculo matrimonii from the husband on the grounds of cruelty and constructive desertion. At the December 28, 1987 hearing, the trial court also ordered the husband to assume responsibility for certain marital debts listed on a debt payment schedule. These debts were primarily for credit car obligations and an auto loan. In so doing, the court stated:
All right. Well, so far as this payment schedule is concerned, I did not intend that to be a lump sum sort of payment in any sense of the word. It was these were debts and obligations that were listed on Mr. Day's financial statement. They are things that I think he should be responsible for. . ..
When questioned about his authority to enter such an order, the trial judge stated: "I'm not making it as support, as such, not a continuing type of support, but just something that he does have to pay. . . ." The trial judge also stated:
The authority is that this is an obligation that he has listed on his debt schedule that he has listed on his financial statement. It's something that I feel is his responsibility, not his wife's responsibility. And he should pay. So in the order, just provide that he is to pay it. . . .
Accordingly, the portion of the final divorce decree at issue in this appeal provided:
ADJUDGED, ORDERED and DECREED that the Defendant (husband) shall be solely responsible for all debts on the Debt schedule, attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference, and that the Defendant shall pay the outstanding balances due directly to said creditors. . . .
The husband maintains that the court lacked authority to declare him responsible for the said debts and to order him to make payments directly to the creditors. We agree.
(1) It is well-settled that jurisdiction in divorce suits is purely statutory. Lapidus v. Lapidus, 226 Va. 575, 578, 311 S.E.2d 786, 788 (1984); Johnson v. Johnson, 224 Va. 641, 645, 299 S.E.2d 351, 353 (1983); Westbrook v. Westbrook, 5 Va. App. 446, 455, 364 S.E.2d 523, 529 (1988). As such, it "cannot be acquired by the court inferentially or through indirection." Johnson, 224 Va. at 645, 299 S.E.2d at 353-54. Further, the General Assembly has conferred jurisdiction on the trial court to resolve divorce and related issues in specific, detailed language. Lapidus, 226 Va. at 578, 311 S.E.2d at 788.
(2) The divorce statutes enacted by the General Assembly contain no provisions authorizing the action ordered by the trial court. The trial court is authorized by statute to order monetary payments or awards only in the form of spousal support (Code Sections 20-107.1, 109), child support (Code Sections 20-107.2, 108), or monetary awards made pursuant to Code Sec. 20-107.3. In the case before us, the only explanation given by the trial judge was that the order was not "support, as such." The trial court could cite no authority or rationale and we can find none for ordering the husband to pay the parties' creditors.
(3) The provisions of a decree must be declared void if the character of the judgment was beyond the power of the court to render. Lapidus, 226 Va. at 579, 311 S.E.2d at 788. We find that the trial court's action in declaring the husband responsible for the debts listed on the debt payment schedule, and ordering him to pay the balances directly to the creditors, was a ruling beyond its power to make. Accordingly, we find that this provision in the final decree of divorce is void and remand the cause to the trial court for entry of a decree consistent with the holding expressed herein.
Reversed and remanded.
Barrow, J., and Duff, J., concurred.