Opinion
Case No. 3:13-cv-00562-MMD-VPC
09-29-2014
CHINA ENERGY CORPORATION, Plaintiff, v. ALAN T. HILL, et al., Defendants, ELENA SAMMONS and MICHAEL SAMMONS, Third-Party Plaintiffs, v. COR CLEARING, Third-Party Defendant.
ORDER (Pl.'s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment - dkt. no. 71) (Defs.' Amended Motion for Partial Summary Judgment - dkt. no. 73) (Defs.' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment - dkt. no. 92)
I. SUMMARY
Before the Court are three motions for partial summary judgment: (1) Plaintiff China Energy Corporation's ("CEC") Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on Count I of the Complaint as to the Sammons Defendants ("CEC's Motion") (dkt. no. 71); (2) Defendants Michael and Elena Sammons' ("the Sammons") Amended Motion for Partial Summary Judgment re Right to Appraisal of 350,000 Shares of CEC ("Appraisal Motion") (dkt. no. 73); and (3) the Sammons' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Regarding Substantial Compliance and Prejudice ("Substantial Compliance Motion") (dkt. no. 92). The Court has reviewed the oppositions and replies to each motion (dkt. nos. 94, 95, 97, 105, 107, 110, 130, 233, 243, 251, 253, 254).
For the reasons discussed below, CEC's Motion (dkt. no. 71) is denied, and the Sammons' Appraisal Motion (dkt. no. 73) and Substantial Compliance Motion (dkt. no. 92) are denied as moot.
II. BACKGROUND
After carrying out a reverse stock split, CEC initiated this action on September 27, 2013, in the First Judicial District Court for the State of Nevada in and for the County of Carson City. (Dkt. no. 71-1 at 1.) CEC seeks a declaratory judgment that certain stockholders — including the Sammons — failed to perfect their rights to dissent to the stock split. (Id. at 4-6.) As the basis for declarative relief, CEC alleges that the Sammons untimely submitted their stockholder's certificates and inappropriately demanded payment in Chinese Yuan. (Id. ¶¶ 33-35.) Alternatively, CEC seeks a fair value determination that its stock was worth $0.14 per share prior to the stock split. (Id. ¶ 49.)
CEC moves for summary judgment on its declarative relief claim with regard to the Sammons. (Dkt. no. 71.) Proceeding pro se, the Sammons seek summary judgment on the same claim, contending that they either perfected their dissenter's rights for 350,000 CEC shares they beneficially owned (dkt. no. 73), or that they substantially complied with Nevada law in attempting to perfect those shares (dkt. no. 92). Unless noted, the following facts are undisputed.
CEC is a Nevada corporation that operates as a holding company to facilitate coal production, processing, and trade in the People's Republic of China. (Dkt. no. 71-1 ¶ 1; dkt. no. 71-2 ¶¶ 5-6.) On July 3, 2013, CEC filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Nevada Secretary of State to carry out a 12,000,000 to 1 reverse stock split. (Dkt. no. 71-3 ¶ 2; id., Ex. A.) At the time of the stock split, the Sammons were the joint beneficial owners of 350,000 shares of CEC ("Jointly Held Shares"), and Elena Sammons was the beneficial owner of 650,000 shares held in a rollover IRA through Delaware Charter Guarantee & Trust ("Elena Sammons' Shares"). (Dkt. no. 71-1 ¶¶ 3-4; dkt. no. 7 ¶¶ 1-2; dkt. no. 8 ¶¶ 1-2.) Cede & Co. ("Cede") was the owner of record for the Sammons' shares. (Dkt. no. 71-1 ¶ 16; dkt. no. 7 ¶ 3; dkt. no. 8 ¶ 3.) Cede is the nominee for The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), a securities depository and clearing corporation. (Dkt. no. 152-1, Ex. 1 ¶ 9.)
As the stockholder of record, Cede held the Sammons' shares in "street name," meaning "a brockerage firm's name in which securities owned by another are registered." Smith v. Kisorin USA, Inc., 254 P.3d 636, 638 n.1 (Nev. 2011) (quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1557 (9th ed. 2009)). Here, as beneficial owners of CEC stock, the Sammons "hold[] equitable title to the stock that is registered under [Cede] in street name." Id.
CEC alleges that on July 11, 2013, CEC's stock transfer agent, Quicksilver Stock Transfer ("Quicksilver"), mailed a package regarding the stock split to Cede. (Dkt. no. 71-5 ¶ 4; dkt. no. 233-1 at 1; dkt. no. 233-2 at 1.) The package included a Transmittal Letter from CEC, a Dissenters' Rights Notice, a form Demand Letter, and a copy of Chapter 92A of the Nevada Revised Statutes, NRS §§ 92A.005-92A.500. (Dkt. no. 71-5, Exh. A.) The Dissenters' Rights Notice was undated, but it instructed recipients to take the following three actions "within 30 days of the date that [the] Notice is delivered" to exercise their rights as dissenters: "(i) deliver the completed Demand Letter; (ii) certify whether [they] acquired beneficial ownership of the shares before the date set forth in the Demand Letter; and (iii) deliver the certificates representing the dissenting shares to the Company." (Id. at 11.) The Notice does not specify a date by which these actions must occur. (Id.)
The parties dispute the date on which Cede, the stockholder of record for the Sammons' shares, received the Dissenters' Rights Notice. (See dkt. no. 251 at 3-4.) The Sammons suggest an "unconfirmed" receipt date of July 16, 2013. (Dkt. no. 233-1 at 1; dkt. no. 233-2 at 1.) Third-Party Defendant COR Clearing, LLC ("COR") argues that Cede never received the document by mail. (Dkt. no. 251 at 3-4.) Rather, COR contends that Cede, through DTC, was given a courtesy copy of the Dissenters' Rights Notice on July 22, 2013, or July 23, 2013. (Id. at 4 & n.2.)
The document cited for this proposition is an email from William Schaben, an assistant manager for TD Ameritrade, to Michael Sammons. (Dkt. no. 71-4, Exh. B at 10, 16.) Although "only admissible evidence may be considered by the trial court in ruling on a motion for summary judgment," Beyene v. Coleman Sec. Servs., Inc., 854 F.2d 1179, 1181 (9th Cir. 1988), the Court "focus[es] on the admissibility of [evidence's] contents," rather than its form. Fraser v. Goodale, 342 F.3d 1032, 1037-38 (9th Cir. 2003). Although the email's form may be improper under Fed. R. Evid. 802, its contents could be rendered admissible. See Fraser, 342 F.3d at 1037-38. In light of the liberal construction this Court must give to pro se litigants' filings, the Court includes this proposition in this factual background.
In response to the Dissenters' Rights Notice, the Sammons — alone and through their intermediaries, including Cede, DTC, and COR — transmitted three sets of documents for their Jointly Held Shares and for Elena Sammons' Shares to CEC. The first documents are dissenter's rights letters prepared and submitted on the Sammons' behalf ("Dissenter's Rights Letter"). On either July 30, 2013, or July 31, 2013, CEC's statutory agent, United Corporate Services, Inc. ("UCS") received a Dissenter's Rights Letter from Cede with respect to the Sammons' Jointly Held Shares. (Dkt. no. 71-3 ¶ 3; id., Exh. B; dkt. no. 233-1 at 1.) UCS received a Dissenter's Rights Letter from COR regarding Elena Sammons' Shares on either August 1, 2013, or August 14, 2013. (See dkt. no. 71-3 ¶ 4 (stating August 1); dkt. no. 130-2 ¶¶ 10-11 (stating August 14); dkt. no. 251-1 ¶ 15 (noting that COR submitted the Dissenter's Rights Letter to CEC and Quicksilver on August 1, 2013, and on August 13, 2013); dkt. no. 233-2 at 1.) On August 13, 2013, COR withdrew this Dissenter's Rights Letter after realizing it had two typographical errors; COR resubmitted a revised Dissenter's Rights Letter to Quicksilver the same day. (Dkt. no. 200, Rex Decl. ¶¶ 10-13; id., Ex. E.) Several days earlier, Elena Sammons sent a letter noting these errors to UCS. (Dkt. no. 130-2, ¶¶ 6-7; id., Ex. C.)
Second, the Sammons submitted letters demanding payment for their shares and asserting when they acquired beneficial ownership of their shares ("Demand Letter"). With regard to the Jointly Held Shares, UCS received a Demand Letter from the Sammons on July 31, 2013. (Dkt. no. 71-3 ¶ 3; id., Exh. B at 6-7; dkt. no. 233-1 at 1.) On August 7, 2013, UCS received a similar Demand Letter for Elena Sammons' Shares. (Dkt. no. 130-2 ¶¶ 6-7; id., Exh. B; dkt. no. 233-2 at 1.)
Third, the Sammons submitted stock certificates for their Jointly Held Shares and for Elena Sammons' Shares. After receiving a request from DTC, Quicksilver printed and mailed a certificate for the Jointly Held Shares to DTC on July 31, 2013. (Dkt. no. 130-1 ¶¶ 3-4; id., Exhs. A-1, A-2; dkt. no. 233-1 at 1.) UCS received this certificate on August 14, 2013. (Dkt. no. 130-2 ¶¶ 10-11; id., Exh. D at 20-21; dkt. no. 233-1 at 1.) For Elena Sammons' Shares, Quicksilver printed and mailed a certificate to DTC on August 8, 2014, after receiving DTC's request for the certificates the same day. (Dkt. no. 130-1 ¶¶ 5-6; id., Exhs. B-1, B-2; dkt. no. 233-2 at 1.) The Sammons allege that Quicksilver received the certificate on or around August 26, 2013. (Dkt. no. 233-2, Exh. B.)
III. LEGAL STANDARD
"The purpose of summary judgment is to avoid unnecessary trials when there is no dispute as to the facts before the court." Nw. Motorcycle Ass'n v. U.S. Dept of Agric., 18 F.3d 1468, 1471 (9th Cir. 1994). Summary judgment is appropriate when the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits "show[] that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986). An issue is "genuine" if there is a sufficient evidentiary basis on which a reasonable fact-finder could find for the nonmoving party and a dispute is "material" if it could affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248-49 (1986). Where reasonable minds could differ on the material facts at issue, however, summary judgment is not appropriate. Id. at 250-51 . "The amount of evidence necessary to raise a genuine issue of material fact is enough 'to require a jury or judge to resolve the parties' differing versions of the truth at trial.'" Aydin Corp. v. Loral Corp., 718 F.2d 897, 902 (9th Cir. 1983) (quoting First Nat'l Bank of Ariz. v. Cities Serv. Co., 391 U.S. 253, 288-89 (1968)). In evaluating a summary judgment motion, a court views all facts and draws all inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Kaiser Cement Corp. v. Fishbach & Moore, Inc., 793 F.2d 1100, 1103 (9th Cir. 1986). Courts must also liberally construe documents filed by pro se litigants. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (per curiam).
The moving party bears the burden of showing that there are no genuine issues of material fact. Zoslaw v. MCA Distrib. Corp., 693 F.2d 870, 883 (9th Cir. 1982). "In order to carry its burden of production, the moving party must either produce evidence negating an essential element of the nonmoving party's claim or defense or show that the nonmoving party does not have enough evidence of an essential element to carry its ultimate burden of persuasion at trial." Nissan Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Fritz Cos., 210 F.3d 1099, 1102 (9th Cir. 2000). Once the moving party satisfies Rule 56's requirements, the burden shifts to the party resisting the motion to "set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Anderson, 411 U.S. at 256. The nonmoving party "may not rely on denials in the pleadings but must produce specific evidence, through affidavits or admissible discovery material, to show that the dispute exists," Bhan v. NME Hosps., Inc., 929 F.2d 1404, 1409 (9th Cir. 1991), and "'must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.'" Orr v. Bank of Am., 285 F.3d 764, 783 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 415 U.S. 514, 586 (1986)). "The mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the plaintiff's position will be insufficient." Anderson, 477 U.S. at 252.
IV. DISCUSSION
The pending motions turn on the parties' compliance with two provisions of Nevada corporate law. First, CEC issued its Dissenters' Rights Notice pursuant to NRS § 92A.430, which dictates that after a corporation takes certain actions, it must notify its stockholders of their rights to dissent to those actions, and specify details regarding the dissent process. Section 92A.430 specifies that "no later than 10 days after the effective date of the corporate action" giving rise to dissenter's rights, the corporation must send a "dissenter's notice." NRS § 92A.430(2). Corporations "need only . . . directly provide[] [these notices] to the holder of record, who holds the stock in trust for or as an agent of the beneficial stockholder." Smith v. Kisorin USA, Inc., 254 P.3d 636, 640 (Nev. 2011).
Second, NRS § 92A.440 requires stockholders who receive a dissenter's notice under NRS § 92A.430 to take three steps to exercise their dissenter's rights. As CEC's Dissenters' Rights Notice described (see supra Part II), NRS § 92A.440 requires dissenting stockholders to "(a) [d]emand payment; (b) [c]ertify whether the stockholder or beneficial owner . . . acquired beneficial ownership of the shares before [a date specified in the dissenter's rights notice]; and (c) [d]eposit the stockholder's certificates, if any, in accordance with the terms of the notice." NRS § 92A.440(1)(a)-(c).
A. CEC's Motion
CEC contends that the undisputed facts demonstrate that the Sammons failed to comply with NRS § 92A.440 because they submitted an untimely dissent, and because they improperly demanded payment in a foreign currency. (Dkt. no. 71 at 4-5, 4 n.6.) CEC's Dissenters' Rights Notice, however, failed to comply with NRS § 92A.430 because it did not set a date for stockholders' responses. The Court therefore finds that CEC cannot show that, as a matter of law, it is entitled to judgment on its claim that the Sammons failed to timely assert their dissenter's rights for their Jointly Held Shares and for Elena Sammons' Shares. Nor has CEC shown that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law that the Sammons failed to dissent because they used a foreign currency in their demand letters. Summary judgment is therefore inappropriate.
1. Timeliness
Whether CEC's Dissenters' Rights Notice complied with NRS § 92A.430 is a question of statutory interpretation. A statutory construction analysis begins and ends with unambiguous statutory text. Hughes Aircraft Co. v. Jacobson, 525 U.S. 432, 438 (1999); see Wingco v. Gov't Emps. Ins. Co., 321 P.3d 855, 856 (Nev. 2014) ("Unless ambiguous, the statutory text controls."). Courts must "'give words their plain meaning unless attributing the plain meaning would violate the spirit of the statute.'" Torres v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 317 P.3d 828, 830 (Nev. 2014) (quoting Banks ex rel. Banks v. Sunrise Hosp., 102 P.3d 52, 68 (Nev. 2004)). In so doing, courts "avoid statutory interpretation that renders language meaningless or superfluous." Hobbs v. State, 251 P.3d 177, 179 (Nev. 2011). But "[w]here a statute is capable of being understood in two or more senses by reasonably informed persons, the statute is ambiguous." McKay v. Bd. of Supervisors of Carson City, 730 P.2d 438 (Nev. 1986).
Nevada's dissenter's rights laws are designed with the dual purpose of "facilitat[ing] business mergers" and "protecting minority shareholders from being unfairly impacted by the majority shareholders' decision to approve [certain corporate actions]," Cohen v. Mirage Resorts, Inc., 62 P.3d 720, 726-27 (Nev. 2003). Within this framework, NRS § 92.430 requires corporations to send stockholders a notice that, among other notifications, "[sets] a date by which the subject corporation must receive [a dissenting stockholder's] demand for payment, which may not be less than 30 nor more than 60 days after the date the notice is delivered." NRS § 92A.430(2)(d). The notice must also state that if a corporation has not received a stockholder's demand for payment "by such specified date," the stockholder "shall be deemed to have waived the right to demand payment." NRS § 92A.430(2)(d).
CEC argues that its Dissenters' Rights Notice "set a date" by stating that stockholders "must take [three] actions within 30 days of the date that this Notice is delivered," and that stockholders "shall be deemed to have waived the right to demand payment . . . unless the Demand Letter is received by [CEC] within 30 days of the date that this Notice is delivered." (Dkt. no. 71-5, Exh. A at 11.) CEC contends that delivery is defined by NRS § 75.150(7), which makes effective "any notice or other communication" when it is "deposit[ed] in the United States mail" so long as the communication is "in a comprehensible form or manner" and is "prepaid and correctly addressed to a stockholder." NRS § 75.150(7)(b). Thus, if CEC mailed a comprehensible, prepaid, and correctly addressed Dissenters' Rights Notice on July 11, 2013, CEC argues that the Sammons were required to ensure CEC's receipt of their dissenting materials by either Saturday, August 10, 2013, or Monday, August 12, 2013. (Dkt. no. 71-1 ¶¶ 32, 34; dkt. no. 253 at 9.) CEC misconstrues the statute's requirements.
NRS § 75.020 defines "deliver" as "any method of delivery used in conventional commercial practice."
The plain language of NRS § 92A.430 indicates that a corporation must "set a date" by which stockholder demand letters must be received. NRS § 92A.430(2)(d). This "specified date" must fall within a period of 30 to 60 days after a notice is delivered. Id. Thus, the plain meaning of the statute requires a "date" to be set, not a timeframe, although the "date" must fall within the specified 30 to 60 day timeframe. Even in the absence of a definition of "date," see NRS §§ 92A.005 to 92A.500, the statute unambiguously distinguishes between a date that a corporation must specify and the timeframe for that date. CEC, however, asks the Court to read the phrases "set a date" and "specified date" out of the statute. Specifically, CEC's Dissenter's Rights Notice attempts to "set a date" by reciting the statutory language defining the timeframe for that date: CEC's stockholders must comply "within 30 days after the date the notice is delivered." (Dkt. no. 71-5, Exh. A at 11.) The Dissenter's Rights Notice does not identify the "date" of delivery to facilitate a clear calculation of the 30-day deadline.
"Date" is defined, in part, as "[t]he day when an event happened or will happen." Black's Law Dictionary (9th ed. 2009).
For example, CEC could have "set a date" by stating that dissent materials "must be received not less than 30 days after September 29, 2014, which is the date the notice is delivered," and clarifying whether dissenters will receive any additional response time if that date falls on a weekend.
Furthermore, CEC's own uncertainty regarding the response date reflects its failure to comply with the plain language of NRS § 92A.430. CEC's complaint offers two alternative deadlines for dissents: either Saturday, August 10, 2013, or Monday, August 12, 2013. (Dkt. no. 71-1 ¶¶ 32, 34.) In the present motion, however, CEC argues that "the very last possible day for a stockholder to exercise dissenter's rights was August 10, 2013." (Dkt. no. 11 at 11.) CEC has also argued that the three-day rule defined Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(d) is inapplicable to its timeframe. (See id. at 10 n.17.) Given these conflicting arguments, it is not clear to the Court on what date CEC envisioned its 30-day period would end. Accordingly, CEC has not shown that its Dissenters' Rights Notice "set a date" and stated that "specified date," as required by NRS § 92A.430.
The parties appear to derive this latter date from Nevada's Rules of Civil Procedure 6, which dictates that time periods ending on a Saturday or Sunday are extended to the end of the next weekday. NCRP 6(a).
CEC stresses that because the Nevada Supreme Court approved a dissenter's notice with a similar timeframe in Kisorin USA, Inc., 254 P.3d at 641, Defendants' arguments must fail. The Court disagrees. In Kisorin USA, Inc., plaintiff stockholders sought to be excused from their untimely dissent, arguing that they never received the dissenter's notice that NRS § 92A.430 requires. Id. at 638-40. The plaintiffs were beneficial stockholders, and their stockholder of record had received a dissenter's notice from the defendant corporation. Id. at 638. In holding that NRS § 92A.430 requires corporations to send dissenter's notices only to stockholders of record, the court examined the practicality of requiring corporations to notify all stockholders — both beneficial and of record — of their right to dissent. Id. at 640-41. The court noted that corporations have no means of obtaining, "as a matter of right," contact information for certain beneficial stockholders. Id. at 640. As a result, the court concluded that corporations could only comply with NRS § 92A.430 if the dissenter's notice requirement applied to stockholders of record, not beneficial stockholders. Id. at 640-41.
The court in Kisorin USA, Inc. did not, however, consider whether NRS § 92A.430 required corporations to specify a date, rather than a timeframe, by which dissenters must submit their payment demands. The court paraphrased the dissenter's notice at issue as instructing dissenters to "make a written demand for a 'fair value' appraisal to [the corporation] within 45 days after the date of mailing of the dissenter's notice." Id. at 638. Additionally, the court noted that the district court had "found that the dissenter's notice complied in all respects with Nevada law." Id. at 639. The court never specified how the dissenter's notice described the 45-day period, nor did the court discuss this provision outside of its factual and procedural background. See id. at 638-41. In analyzing the only issue on appeal — whether beneficial stockholders must receive dissenter's notices — the court implicitly assumed that the plaintiffs' attempt to dissent was untimely, and that the deadline set forth in the dissenter's notice was proper. See id. at 639. Although the court refused to excuse the plaintiffs' untimely dissent, its analysis focused on which stockholders must receive notice, not whether that notice must specify a date by which stockholders must dissent.
In a footnote, the court also clarified that the plaintiff stockholders failed to submit stock certificates along with their payment demand, which rendered their dissent incomplete. Kisorin USA, Inc., 254 P.3d at 640 n.3.
Contrary to CEC's arguments, the Kisorin USA, Inc. decision did not dispose of this issue. Moreover, in contrast to the Kisorin court's concern about the onus that sending notices to all beneficial stockholders would place on corporations, requiring corporations to "set a date" in dissenter's rights notices is a minimal burden. See id. at 640. Whereas corporations do not have a means of obtaining contact information for all beneficial stockholders, see id., corporations do control the response date for dissents, within a statutorily defined timeframe. See NRS § 92A.430(2)(d). Thus, setting a response date carries out the purpose of Nevada's dissenter's rights laws — to protect minority stockholders while facilitating corporate mergers. See Cohen, 62 P.2d at 726-27. CEC could have easily "set a date" by stating the actual response due date or stating the "date" that triggers the 30-day response period (i.e., the date of delivery). Accordingly, CEC has not met its initial burden of showing that, as a matter of law, it is entitled to judgment on its claim that the Sammons did not timely dissent to its reverse stock split.
2. Foreign Currency
CEC's second basis for declarative relief regarding the Sammons is that their payment demand letters were defective because they asserted their demand in Chinese Yuan. (Dkt. no. 71-1 ¶ 35.) It is undisputed that the Sammons' demand letters listed their fair value demand in Chinese Yuan. (See dkt. no. 130-2, Exhs. A, B.) But beyond citing to logic to support this argument, CEC fails to pinpoint any controlling authority requiring the Sammons to assert their demand in U.S. dollars. (See dkt. no. 253 at 12-13.) Moreover, the fact that the Sammons listed the fair value in Chinese Yuan is neither unreasonable nor surprising given that CEC's business involves transactions in the People's Republic of China. Like its timeliness claim, CEC has not met its initial burden to show that, as a matter of law, the Sammons failed to dissent to the stock split because they used Chinese Yuan in their demand letters. Thus, summary judgment should not be granted.
B. The Sammons' Appraisal Motion and Substantial Compliance Motion
In the Appraisal Motion, the Sammons argue that CEC's failure to set a date in its Dissenters' Rights Notice could give rise to a number of dissent deadlines. (See dkt. no. 73 at 6-7 (suggesting a deadline of August 14, 2014); dkt. no. 95 at 3, 17 (listing 18 possible deadlines).) The Sammons additionally argue that their use of Chinese Yuan should not affect their dissent to CEC's stock split. (Dkt. no. 73 at 7-9.) Although the Sammons spell out why CEC's Dissenters' Rights Notice was deficient, their arguments assume that CEC's 30-day dissent period would still operate, even if the Court finds — as it does here — that CEC's Dissenters' Rights Notice failed to comply with NRS § 92A.430. (See dkt. no. 95 at 9-17.) The Appraisal Motion does not clarify whether the 30-day period would still control given the Court's finding that the Dissenters' Rights Notice was defective; nor does CEC's opposition. The Court finds that its holding on CEC's Motion renders moot the Appraisal Motion, which assumes that a 30-day period would control the timeliness of the Sammons' dissent, and that the Sammons' use of Chinese Yuan in their Demand Letters would affect their dissent.
The Sammons' Substantial Compliance Motion makes similar arguments regarding the timeliness of their dissent and their use of Chinese Yuan. (Dkt. no. 92 at 5.) The Sammons contend that in delivering the stock certificate for their Jointly Held Shares on August 14, 2013, and in demanding payment in a foreign currency, they substantially complied with the requirements in NRS § 92A.440. Because the Motion rests on a response deadline of August 12, 2013, and on the validity of citing a foreign currency in their Demand Letters, the Court finds that its ruling on CEC's Motion renders moot the Substantial Compliance Motion.
Indeed, it is unclear why the Sammons filed a separate motion to raise similar arguments.
V. CONCLUSION
The Court notes that the parties made several arguments and cited to several cases not discussed above. The Court has reviewed these arguments and cases and determines that they do not warrant discussion as they do not affect the outcome of the motions.
It is therefore ordered that Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on Count I of the Complaint as to the Sammons Defendants (dkt. no. 71) is denied.
It is further ordered that Defendant's Amended Motion for Partial Summary Judgment re Right to Appraisal of 350,000 Shares of CEC (dkt. no. 73) and Defendant's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Regarding Substantial Compliance and Prejudice (dkt. no. 92) are denied as moot.
DATED THIS 29th day of September 2014.
/s/_________
MIRANDA M. DU
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE