Opinion
Appeal from the District Court, First Judicial District, Los Angeles County.
COUNSEL:
Glassel & Chapman, for Appellant, argued that the contract named in the account stated was evidently the contract made before or pending the performance of the work, and that as it did not show that that contract was in writing, there was no such written contract to pay in gold coin as was required by the Specific Contract Act. They also argued that the appointment of an agent by a private corporation must be made by resolution or deed, and parol testimony to prove such appointment was inadmissible.
V. E. & C. V. Howard, for Respondent.
The agency of the Superintendent could be proved by parol, as there was no evidence of written appointment, and the law required none. Besides, it having been proved, as appears from the record, that the agency of Mr. Shorb as such Superintendent had been recognized by appellant, even were an appointment in writing necessary, it would be presumed, for the law will not permit a party to accept the benefits of an agency, and at the same time to repudiate its responsibilities. As theagency of the Superintendent was proved, his admission of the indebtedness was competent evidence. As the contract to pay was in gold coin, the verdict and judgment were correct in that respect. (Galland et al. v. Lewis et al. , 26 Cal. 47.)
JUDGES: Shafter, J. Mr. Justice Sawyer did not express an opinion.
OPINION
SHAFTER, Judge
This is an action upon an account stated, which, as the complaint alleges, was " settled and agreed upon between plaintiff and defendant, July 23d, 1866." It is further alleged that the defendant then acknowledged, in a writing duly signed by him, that the indebtedness ascertained by the account (three hundred and eighty-two dollars and eighty-six cents) was due and payable in United States gold coin. The case was tried by jury; verdict and judgment for plaintiff. The appeal is from the judgment and from an order overruling defendant's motion for a new trial. First--To maintain the issue on his part, the plaintiff at the trial offered in evidence the following document: Philadelphia and California Petroleum Company, Dr.
| May 17th--To Thomas Carey, for wages due him as per | $ 292 61 |
| settlement made with him by Dr. J. Letterman | |
| July 23d--To amount due him for wages from May 17th | 89 25 |
| to date at $ 40 per month | |
| Total | $ 381 86 |
Payable in gold coin (United States) according to contract.
I certify that the above account is correct.
J. D. Bath Shorb,
Superintendent Phil. and Cal. Petroleum Company.
[Internal revenue stamp, twenty cents.] These stamps are affixed this 8th day of December, 1866, by me, and the penalty of fifty dollars received.
C. C. Slocum,
Deputy Collector Second District California.
The handwriting of Shorb was admitted, and the plaintiff offered parol evidence tending to prove that Shorb acted as the authorized agent of the defendant in signing the certificate affixed to the statement of the account. The evidence was objected to on the ground that the books of the corporation and resolutions of the Trustees was the primary proof of the agency if it existed. The objection was overruled and the testimony admitted.
There was no error in this ruling. It is too well settled to admit of argument that private corporations, with regard to the appointment of agents and the making of contracts, are placed upon the same footing as natural persons, unless limited to some particular mode by their charters. In the absence of such limitation they are no more compelled to contract or appoint their agents by deed or resolution than a partnership or other voluntary association. (Bank of United States v. Dandridge, 12 Wheat. 105; Smith v. Eureka Flour Mills , 6 Cal. 6; San Francisco Gas Company v. City of San Francisco , 9 Cal. 472; Shaffer v. Bear River and Auburn W. and M. Co. , 10 Cal. 400.) It is further insisted that the document in question, admitting that the company was a party to it, was improperly admitted as having no tendency to prove " a contract or obligation in writing" for the payment of an indebtedness in gold coin.
The paper is on its face an account stated. An account stated alters the nature of the original indebtedness, and is itself in the nature of a new promise or undertaking. (Foster v. Allanson, 2 T. R. 479; Holmes v. De Camp, 1 John. 36.) Therefore, an account stated with a new firm may include debts due to a former firm or to one of the partners. (David v. Ellice, 5 B. and C. 196; Gough v. Davies, 4 Price, 200.) An action on an account stated is not founded upon the original items, but upon the balance ascertained by the mutual consent of parties. For these reasons we consider that the paper was properly admitted by the Court as written evidence of " a contract or obligation" on the part of the defendant to pay plaintiff the sum demanded in this action, in gold coin of the United States.
Second--The defendant, when the case was called for trial, moved for a continuance on the ground of the absence of material witnesses.
The motion was denied.
The affidavit upon which the motion was based did not state what the defendant expected to prove by the witnesses, nor did it even give their names. The application was addressed to the discretion of the Court, and we cannot say that its discretion was improperly exercised under the circumstances, and much less that it was abused.
Judgment affirmed.