Opinion
Record No. 0779-05-2.
November 7, 2006.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond, Bradley B. Cavedo, Judge.
Christopher C. Booberg (Michael Morchower, on brief), for appellant.
Eugene Murphy, Senior Assistant Attorney General (Robert F. McDonnell, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judge McClanahan and Senior Judge Fitzpatrick.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
Michael Gene Bodine ("appellant") appeals his convictions for twenty-four counts of possession of child pornography in violation of Code § 18.2-374.1:1. Appellant was sentenced to a total of twenty-four months imprisonment. On appeal, he contends that his prosecution violated his constitutional right to be free from ex post facto punishment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
On September 4, 2003, police interviewed appellant's roommate regarding child pornography he found on appellant's computer. On September 9, 2003, based on the roommate's affidavit, police executed a search warrant at appellant's residence. The search resulted in discovery of four hard drives, multiple zip disks, and multiple 3.5-inch diskettes that contained images of child pornography. The trial court found the evidence presented at trial sufficient to support appellant's convictions.
ANALYSIS
Although appellant argued in his brief and during oral argument that the evidence was not sufficient to support his convictions, we did not grant that question on appeal. We will only consider "those arguments presented in the petition for appeal and granted by this Court." Parker v. Commonwealth, 42 Va. App. 358, 373, 592 S.E.2d 358, 366 (2004) (citing Rule 5A:12). The sole question on which we granted an appeal is whether appellant's prosecution under Code § 18.2-374.1:1 violated his "constitutional right to be free from ex post facto punishment."
On July 6, 2004, appellant was indicted for felony possession of child pornography in violation of Code § 18.2-374.1:1. Previously, on July 1, 2003, the General Assembly increased the penalty for possession of child pornography from a Class 1 misdemeanor to a Class 6 felony. 2003 Va. Acts, chs. 935, 938. In order to convict appellant of possession of child pornography, the Commonwealth was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he "knowingly possesse[d] any sexually explicit visual material utilizing or having as a subject a person less than 18 years." Code § 18.2-374.1:1. Appellant contends that the material he was found guilty of possessing was either created or last accessed in December 2000, at a time when possession of child pornography was a Class 1 misdemeanor.
An ex post facto law has been defined as:
any statute which punishes as a crime an act previously committed, which was innocent when done; which makes more burdensome the punishment for a crime, after its commission, or which deprives one charged with crime of any defense available according to law at the time when the act was committed.
Collins v. Youngblood, 497 U.S. 37, 42 (1990) (citations omitted). "'The mark of an ex post facto law is the imposition of what can fairly be designated punishment for past acts.'"Dodson v. Commonwealth, 23 Va. App. 286, 294, 476 S.E.2d 512, 516 (1996) (quoting De Veau v. Braisted, 363 U.S. 144, 160 (1960)). While "[t]he United States Constitution, article 1, § 10, and the Virginia Constitution, article 1, § 9, prohibit the Commonwealth from enacting ex post facto laws," Kitze v. Commonwealth, 23 Va. App. 213, 216, 475 S.E.2d 830, 832 (1996) (citations omitted), we find no ex post facto violation on the record before us. Appellant was indicted for possession of child pornography on September 9, 2003, two months after possession of child pornography became a felony under Code § 18.2-374.1:1. The Commonwealth met its burden of establishing that on September 9, 2003, appellant was aware of and knowingly possessed child pornographic materials on his computer and accessories, and we earlier affirmed that finding. Bodine v. Commonwealth, Record No. 0779-05-2 (Va.Ct.App. Dec. 12, 2005, April 6, 2006). The mere fact that some of appellant's acts proving his possession in September 2003 occurred before the change in the law does not preclude application of the new law. See Dodson, 23 Va. App. at 295, 476 S.E.2d at 516 (holding that Code § 18.2-308.2 was not an unconstitutional ex post facto law in that prosecution).
The trial court found that appellant continued to possess the child pornographic images at the time of his arrest, notwithstanding the date the images were originally downloaded. Accordingly, we affirm appellant's convictions for possession of child pornography.
Affirmed.