Zimmer Holdings, Inc.v.Bonutti Skeletal Innovations LLC

Patent Trial and Appeal Board

Oct 30, 2014

11928898 (P.T.A.B. Oct. 30, 2014)

Trials@uspto.gov Paper 17
571-272-7822 Entered: October 30, 2014

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
____________

BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
____________

ZIMMER HOLDINGS, INC.
and ZIMMER, INC.,
Petitioner,

v.

BONUTTI SKELETAL INNOVATIONS LLC,
Patent Owner.
____________

Case IPR2014-01078
Patent 7,837,736 B2
____________

Before WILLIAM V. SAINDON, MICHAEL R. ZECHER, and
RICHARD E. RICE, Administrative Patent Judges.

RICE, Administrative Patent Judge.

DECISION
Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review
37 C.F.R. § 42.108
Denial of Motion for Joinder
37 C.F.R. § 42.122

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Patent 7,837,736 B2

2
I. INTRODUCTION
Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and Zimmer, Inc. (collectively, “Petitioner”)
filed a Petition (Paper 1, “Pet.”) requesting an inter partes review of claims
23–25 of U.S. Patent No. 7,837,736 B2 (Ex. 1001, “the ’736 Patent”) and a
Motion for Joinder (Paper 3) seeking to join this case with Case IPR2014-
00191. Bonutti Skeletal Innovations LLC (“Patent Owner”) filed a
Preliminary Response (Paper 16, “Prelim. Resp.”) and an Opposition to the
Motion for Joinder (Paper 8). We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 314,
which provides that an inter partes review may not be instituted “unless . . .
there is a reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with respect
to at least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.” 35 U.S.C. § 314(a).
Taking into account the arguments presented in Patent Owner’s Preliminary
Response, we determine that the information presented in the Petition does
not establish that there is a reasonable likelihood that Petitioner would
prevail with respect to at least one of challenged claims 23–25 of the
’736 Patent. Accordingly, we do not authorize an inter partes review as to
any of the claims of the ’736 Patent challenged in this case. As a result, we
deny Petitioner’s Motion for Joinder as moot.

A. Related Proceedings
The ’736 Patent is the subject of a patent infringement lawsuit titled
Bonutti Skeletal Innovations, LLC v. Zimmer Holdings, Inc., No. 1:12-cv-
01107-GMS (D. Del.). Pet. 2–3; Patent Owner’s Mandatory Notices,
Paper 7, 2. Petitioner also has filed four related Petitions in the following
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Patent 7,837,736 B2

3
cases: IPR2014-00191 (the ’736 Patent), IPR2014-00311 (U.S. Patent No.
7,959,635 B1), IPR2014-00321 (U.S. Patent No. 7,806,896 B1), and
IPR2014-01080 (U.S. Patent No. 7,806,896 B1). Pet. 3.
In Case IPR2014-00191, we authorized an inter partes review to be
instituted as to claims 15–22, 26–28, and 31–36 of the ’736 Patent, but not
claims 23–25. Zimmer Holdings, Inc. v. Bonutti Skeletal Innovations, LLC,
Paper 12, 2, Case IPR2014-00191 (PTAB June 2, 2014). Petitioner again
challenges claims 23–25 in the present case.

B. The ’736 Patent (Ex. 1001)
The ’736 Patent, titled “MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL
SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” relates to, inter alia, knee implants and knee
implant surgery, including implants that can be used in other joints of the
human body. See. e.g., Ex. 1001, 9:51–53, 63–67; 97:33–98:5; 99:34–
102:4; Figs. 80, 81, 88–90.
Figure 90 of the ’736 Patent is reproduced below.
IPR2
Paten

Ex. 1
comp
and r
mem
surfa
post
to pe
101:
“offs
101:
prior
centr
med
014-0107
t 7,837,73
001, Fig.
Figure 9
onent 129
otatable b
ber 1300 h
ce 1302).
1306, whi
rmit rotati
28–31. Po
et mediall
55–57, Fig
art rotatin
al keel.” I
ial compar
8
6 B2
90.
0 depicts r
2 with pla
earing inse
as a conc
Id. at 101
ch coopera
on of bear
st 1306 is
y toward t
. 90. Acc
g platform
d. at 101:
tment of th
otating pla
te membe
rt 1296. I
ave, spher
:18–20. S
tes with r
ing insert
not locate
he medial
ording to t
designs,
58–59. “O
e knee rec

4
tform kne
r 1300, tra
d. at 101:
ically-shap
uperior su
ecess 1308
1296 with
d over the
compartm
he Specifi
the post is
ffsetting p
reates the
e implant
y 1294, ta
14–16, 28–
ed plateau
rface 1302
located o
respect to
center of t
ent of the
cation of t
substantia
ost 1306 m
natural pi

1290, incl
pered spik
31. Plate
surface (
is provide
n bearing
tray 1294
he tibia, b
knee.” Id.
he ’736 Pa
lly in line
ore towa
voting mo
uding tibia
e 1298,

superior
d with
insert 1296
. Id. at
ut rather
at
tent, “[i]n
with the
rd the
tion o[f]
l

IPR2
Paten

the k
more
Ex. 1
comp
tray
Ex. 1
1274
55.
014-0107
t 7,837,73
nee, with
rotationa
Figures
001, Figs
Figures
onent 125
1266, inse
001, 99:3
, which ha
As describ
8
6 B2
less transla
l arc or mo
88 and 89
. 88 & 89.
88 and 89
2 and tibi
rt 1268, ta
5–38, 49–
s a concav
ed in the S
tion medi
re movem
of the ’736
illustrate m
al compon
pered keel
51. Plate m
e, spheric
pecificatio

5
ally, a mor
ent lateral
Patent ar
obile bea
ent 1254,
or spike 1
ember 12
ally shape
n, track 1
e stable jo
ly.” Id. at
e reproduc
ring impla
the latter c
270, and p
72 includ
d plateau s
276 in pla
int media
101:63–6
ed below.
nt 1250 w
omprising
late memb
es superior
urface. Id
te member
lly, and
7.

ith femora
bearing
er 1272.
surface
. at 99:54–
1272

l
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Patent 7,837,736 B2

6
cooperates with corresponding groove 1286 in bearing insert 1268 to enable
sliding movement “substantially in the anterior-posterior direction.”
Ex. 1001, 99:60–66. The Specification discloses that “the arrangement of
the track and groove can be switched so that bearing insert 1268 is provided
with the track and superior surface 1274 is provided with the groove.” Id.
at 100:2–5.

C. Illustrative Claims
Claim 15 is independent and not challenged in the present case.
Claims 23–25 depend directly or indirectly from claim 15. Claims 15 and
25 are illustrative and are reproduced below:
15. A device to replace an articulating
surface of a first side of a joint in a body, the joint
having first and second sides, comprising:
a base component, including a bone
contacting side connectable with bone on the first
side of the joint, and a base sliding side on an
opposite side of said base component relative to
said bone contacting side;
a movable component, including a movable
sliding side, said movable sliding side being
matably positionable in sliding engagement with
said base sliding side, and an articulating side on
an opposite side of said movable component
relative to said movable sliding side, shaped to
matingly engage an articulating surface of the
second side of the joint;
a protrusion extending from one of said base
sliding side or movable sliding side, said
protrusion substantially offset with respect to a
midline of the first side of a joint;
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Patent 7,837,736 B2

7
a recess sized to receive said protrusion,
disposed in the other of said base sliding side or
movable sliding side, said protrusion and recess
matable to constrain movement of said first and
second components relative to each other, thereby
promoting movement of the joint within desired
anatomical limits.

25. The device of claim 15, further
including means associated with said protrusion to
prevent a separation of said base sliding side and
said movable sliding side.

Ex. 1001, 114:527, 61–63.

D. The Asserted Prior Art References
Petitioner relies upon the following references as prior art (see Pet. 5–
6):

Walker US 5,755,801 May 26, 1998 Ex. 1002
Buechel US 4,340,978 July 27, 1982 Ex. 1012
E. The Asserted Grounds
Petitioner challenges claims 23–25 of the ’736 Patent on the following
grounds (Pet. 5–6, 26–34):

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Reference(s) Basis
Claims
Challenged
Walker § 102(b) 25
Walker and Buechel § 103(a) 23–25

II. ANALYSIS
A. Claim Construction
We give claim terms in an unexpired patent their broadest reasonable
interpretation in light of the specification of the patent in which they appear.
37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b). The broadest reasonable interpretation consistent
with the specification of a means-plus-function limitation “is that statutorily
mandated in paragraph six [of 35 U.S.C. § 112].” In re Donaldson Co.,
16 F.3d 1189, 1194–95 (Fed. Cir. 1994).
Here, challenged claim 25 recites “means associated with said
protrusion to prevent a separation of said base sliding side and said movable
sliding side.” Ex. 1001, 114:61–63. In Case IPR2014-00191, we
determined that claim 25 contains a means-plus-function limitation because
it recites “means” and a function for performing the claimed “means,” i.e.,
“to prevent a separation of said base sliding side and said movable sliding
side,” and because it does not recite sufficient structure or material for
performing the specified function. Zimmer Holdings, Inc. v. Bonutti Skeletal
Innovations, LLC, Paper 12, 8, Case IPR2014-00191 (PTAB June 2, 2014)
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Patent 7,837,736 B2

9
(citations omitted). We incorporate herein by reference our determination
and the associated analysis from that related case.
Because claim 25 contains a means-plus-function limitation, the
Petition “must identify the specific portions of the specification that describe
the structure, material, or acts corresponding to each claimed function.” See
37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(3). Petitioner, however, asserts that the Specification
“has no disclosure of . . . the means associated with the protrusion recited in
claim 25.” Pet. 14 (citing Ex. 1013 (Declaration of Arthur G. Erdman,
Ph.D.) ¶ 11), 24–25. Petitioner argues that “Fig. 90 and the associated
description . . . fail to disclose structure associated with the claimed
protrusion (e.g., post 1306) to prevent separation of the base sliding side and
the movable sliding side (e.g., bearing insert 1296 and the tray 1294).” Id.
at 14 (citing Ex. 1001, 101:6–102:28). Anticipating Patent Owner’s
countervailing argument that the dovetail-like structure depicted in
Figures 88 and 89 corresponds to the means-plus-function limitation,
Petitioner additionally argues that Figures 88 and 89 “do not relate to the
claimed invention as they do not include a protrusion substantially offset
with respect to a midline of the first side of a joint, as required by the
claims.” Id. at 16.
As Petitioner anticipated, Patent Owner relies on Figures 88 and 89,
and argues that bearing insert 1268 (depicted in those figures) includes a
recess in the form of dovetail-shaped groove 1286, which mates with a
protrusion in the form of dovetail-shaped track 1276. Prelim. Resp. 5.
Patent Owner also refers to a passage in the Specification that states:
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10
“Although a single track 1276 is shown centrally located [in Figures 88
and 89], track 1276 can be located elsewhere along superior surface 1274
and/or more than one track can be used (e.g. two lateral symmetrically
placed tracks).” Ex. 1001, 99:63–100:2 (emphasis added); see Prelim.
Resp. 7 (citations omitted).
On the basis of Figures 88 and 89 and the related description in the
Specification, Patent Owner argues that “the means of claim 25 should be
construed to mean a dovetail track, or equivalent thereof, which performs the
function of preventing a separation of said base sliding side and said
movable sliding side.” Prelim. Resp. 7. We are persuaded, at least in part,
by Patent Owner’s argument. That is, we are persuaded that track 1276, as
depicted in Figures 88 and 89, is a protrusion that extends from plate
member 1272. We also are persuaded that, because protrusion 1276 is dove-
tail shaped (i.e., wider toward its outward end than its base), it prevents
separation of bearing insert 1268 and plate member 1272 when mated with
corresponding dovetail-shaped-groove 1286. We are not persuaded,
however, that the track, aside for its dovetail shape, corresponds to the
specified function. We also are not persuaded by Petitioner’s argument that
protrusion 1276 as depicted in Figures 88 and 89 is not “substantially offset
relative to a midline of the first side of a joint” (as required by independent
claim 15), because Petitioner’s argument does not address the disclosure in
the Specification that: (1) “two lateral symmetrically placed tracks” can be
used in place of the single, centrally-located track depicted in Figures 88 and
89, or that, (2) if a single track is used, the track need not be located
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Patent 7,837,736 B2

11
centrally, but rather can be located elsewhere along superior surface 1274.
Ex. 1001, 99:63–100:2.
For purposes of this Decision, we determine that the broadest
reasonable construction consistent with the Specification of “means
associated with said protrusion to prevent a separation of said base sliding
side and said movable sliding side” is a dovetail-shaped protrusion that is
wider toward its outward end than its base and that prevents separation of
the base sliding side and the movable sliding side when mated with a
corresponding dovetail-shaped groove, and equivalents thereof.

B. Asserted Grounds of Unpatentability
We turn now to Petitioner’s asserted grounds of unpatentability to
determine whether Petitioner has met the threshold standard of 35 U.S.C.
§ 314(a).
1. Claim 25 as Anticipated by Walker
We determine that the information presented in the Petition does not
establish that there is a reasonable likelihood that Petitioner would prevail in
showing that Walker anticipates claim 25.
a. Walker (Ex. 1002)
Walker teaches that a prosthesis for knee replacement should facilitate
“a limited degree of axial rotation . . . biased to the medial side of the knee.”
Ex. 1002, 1:11–20. To achieve such rotation, Walker discloses that
“[p]referably, . . . the axis about which the meniscal component rotates is
centred at the edge of the tibial platform or beyond its physical extent.” Id.
IPR2
Paten

at 2:
men
discl
Petit
tibia

is rep

Pet 2

1 In t
comp
poin
emb
platf
rotat
med
014-0107
t 7,837,73
29–32. Co
iscal comp
osed embo
ioner relie
l platform.
Petitione
roduced b
0.

he embod
onent on
t indicated
odiment of
orm. Id. a
ion of the
ially displa
8
6 B2
nsistent w
onent rela
diments, i
s, is offset
1
r refers to
elow.

iment of F
the tibial p
at A in FI
Figure 2,
t 4:22–25,
meniscal c
ced axis 1
ith that te
tive to the
ncluding t
medially
an annota

igure 1, “t
latform lie
G. 1c.” Id
the axis o
Figs. 2–2
omponent
04.” Id. a

12
aching, the
tibial platf
he embod
from the a
ted version
he centre o
s outside
. at 3:47–5
f rotation i
b. In the e
102 on th
t 4:45–47,
axis of ro
orm in ea
iment of F
nterior-po
of Walke
f rotation
the extent
0, Figs. 1
s at the ed
mbodimen
e tibial pla
Figs. 3–3
tation of t
ch of Walk
igure 2 on
sterior mid
r’s Figure
of the men
of the plat
–1e. In th
ge of the t
t of Figur
tform is c
b.
he
er’s
which
line of the
2, which

iscal
form at a
e
ibial
e 3, “the
entred on a

IPR2
Paten

tibia
Stud
tibia
inclu
way
at 4:
abou
circu
Id. a
notch
and i
appr
at 4:
Ex. 1
014-0107
t 7,837,73
Petitione
l platform
42 in tibia
l platform
des upper
as to prev
13–16. W
t an axis X
lar abutm
t 4:22–25,
51 is form
s rounded
oximately
25–28, Fig
Figure 2

002, Fig.
8
6 B2
r’s annota
41 and me
l platform
41. Id. at
groove 45
ent lift-off
alker discl
at the edg
ent 50 whi
Figs. 2, 2a
ed in the
as shown
2 mms mo
s. 2, 2a, &
c of Walke

2C.
ted Figure
niscal com
41 has an
4:10–13.
, which “r
of the men
oses that “
e of the ti
ch is upsta
, & 2b. W
correspon
[see annot
vement in
2b.
r is reprod

13
2 of Walk
ponent 44
enlarged h
Slot 43 in
eceiv[es] t
iscal com
[r]otation
bial platfo
nding at th
alker furt
ding porti
ated Figur
an anterio
uced belo
41 42
er is a pla
. Ex. 100
ead and e
meniscal c
he head of
ponent fro
of the men
rm is cont
e medial
her disclos
on of the m
e 2 above]
r and post
w.

n view tha
2, 2:50–52
xtends up
omponent
stud 42 in
m the plat
iscal com
rolled by a
side of the
es that “[a
eniscal co
to allow
erior direc

t depicts
, 4:22–25
ward from
44
such a
form.” Id
ponent 44
semi-
platform.
] recess o
mponent
tion.” Id.
.

.

”
r

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Patent 7,837,736 B2

14
Figure 2c depicts “the method of engaging the meniscal component on
the tibial base plate.” Id. at 2:57–58. Walker discloses that “the meniscal
component can be fitted to the tibial platform by engaging the abutment 50
in the recess 51 and then the stud 42 in its corresponding slot 43.” Id. at
4:30–33, Fig. 2c.
b. Analysis
With respect to the means-plus-function limitation of claim 25, i.e.,
“means associated with said protrusion to prevent a separation of said base
sliding side and said movable sliding side,” Petitioner argues that Walker’s
“abutment 50 and its semicircular shape prevent separation of the base
sliding side and the moveable sliding side.” Pet. 29 (citing Ex. 1001, 4:23–
34, Figs. 2, 2a, & 2c; Ex. 1013 ¶¶ 16, 26). Petitioner asserts that “one of
ordinary skill would have understood that the Walker patent’s abutment 50
and its semicircular shape prevent separation, as required by claim 25” (id.
(citing Ex. 1013 ¶¶ 16, 26)), because Walker discloses that “the meniscal
component can be fitted to the tib[i]al platform by engaging the abutment 50
in the recess 51 and then the stud 42 in its corresponding slot 43” (id.
(quoting Ex. 1001, 4:30–34)).
Petitioner has not persuaded us that abutment 50 and its semicircular
shape are a structural equivalent to a dovetail-shaped protrusion that is wider
toward its outward end than its base and that prevents separation of the base
sliding side and the movable sliding side when mated with a corresponding
dovetail-shaped groove, as required to satisfy the means-plus-function
limitation of claim 25. See section II.A supra. Petitioner’s argument that
IPR2014-01078
Patent 7,837,736 B2

15
abutment 50 and its semicircular shape perform the recited prevention
function (see Pet. 29) is insufficient. See Fresenius USA v. Baxter Intern.,
Inc., 582 F.3d 1288, 1299 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (“Just as a patentee who seeks to
prove infringement must provide a structural analysis by demonstrating that
the accused device has the identified corresponding structure or an
equivalent structure, a challenger who seeks to demonstrate that a means-
plus-function limitation was present in the prior art must prove that the
corresponding structure—or an equivalent—was present in the prior art.”)
(citations omitted).
Further, we are not persuaded that abutment 50 and its semicircular
shape perform the recited prevention function. The disclosure in Walker
that “the meniscal component can be fitted to the tibial platform by engaging
the abutment 50 in the recess 51 and then the stud 42 in its corresponding
slot 43” (Ex. 1001, 4:30–33)— on which Petitioner relies (see Pet. 29)—is in
reference to Figure 2c (reproduced above), which shows that placing
abutment 50 in recess 51 creates space to fit stud 42 in slot 43 (id., Fig. 2c).
On the record before us, we agree with Patent Owner that stud 42 and slot
43, rather than abutment 50 and recess 51, prevent separation of the base
sliding side and the movable sliding side in the embodiment illustrated in
Walker’s Figure 2. Prelim. Resp. 12 (citing Ex. 1003, 4:14–22).2

2 Petitioner does not contend that stud 42 satisfies the prevention means
limitation. In any event, as Patent Owner argues, “stud 42 cannot be the
claimed protrusion because it is not ‘substantially offset with respect to a

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Patent 7,837,736 B2

16
Accordingly, we are not persuaded that Petitioner has demonstrated a
reasonable likelihood of prevailing on its contention that claim 25 of the
’736 Patent is anticipated by Walker as alleged.
2. Claims 23–25 as Obvious over Walker and Buechel
We determine that the information presented in the Petition does not
establish that there is a reasonable likelihood that Petitioner would prevail in
showing that the combination of Walker and Buechel renders obvious claims
23–25.
a. Buechel (Ex. 1012)
Figures 16, 18, 19, 32A, and 32B of Buechel are reproduced below.

midline of the first side of a joint.’” Prelim. Resp. 12.
IPR2
Paten

Ex. 1
femo
bear
each
dove
cons
153,
014-0107
t 7,837,73
012, Figs
Figures
ral compo
ing compo
intermedi
tail surfac
ists of thic
as shown
8
6 B2
. 16, 18, 19
16, 18, 19,
nent 111,
nents 117.
ate tibial b
e. Id. 6:1
k plate 14
in Figure
, 32A, &
32A, and
tibial platf
Id. at 15:
earing com
7–18, 15:1
7, in which
16. Id. at 1

17
32B; see P
32B depic
orm 116, a
14–32. A
ponent 1
6–17, 30–
are provi
5:22–29,
et. 22.
t a knee p
nd two in
s shown in
17 compri
32. Tibial
ded two cu
Fig. 16. E
rosthesis c
termediate
Figures 1
ses a proje
platform
rved track
ach of the

omprising
tibial
9 and 32B
cting
116
s 148 and
two

,

IPR2
Paten

curv
tibia
discl
close
Id. a
pros
67.
Ex. 1
61.
90° f
show
axial
014-0107
t 7,837,73
ed tracks r
l bearing c
oses that t
r together
t 15:47–50
Accordin
thesis is th

Figures
012, Figs
Figures
Figure 3A
lexion wit
ing the po
rotations
8
6 B2
eceives, an
omponent
he interme
as they m
.
g to Buec
e potential
3A and 3B
. 3A & 3B
3A and 3B
is a plan v
h no rotati
sitions of
of 15° and
d partially
. Id. at 15
diate tibia
ove forwa
hel, a seri
for disloc
of Buech
.
depict the
iew showi
on of the k
the bearin
30°. Id. a

18
constrain
:26–32, Fi
l bearing c
rd or rearw
ous proble
ation of th
el are repr
prior art
ng the pos
nee, and F
g inserts at
t 5:61–65
s, an ident
gs. 16, 32A
omponent
ard from
m with the
e bearing
oduced be
Oxford pro
ition of be
igure 3B
90° flexio
. Buechel
ical interm
, 32B. B
s move so
the central
prior art
inserts. Id
low.
sthesis. I
aring inse
is a plan v
n in the p
discloses
ediate
uechel
mewhat
position.
“Oxford”
. at 3:63–
d. at 5:60–
rts 102 at
iew
resence of
that, in the

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Patent 7,837,736 B2

19
Oxford prosthesis, “[t]here is a pronounced overhang of bearing inserts 102,
with resultant risk of dislocation, under the combination of 90° flexion and
30° rotation of the knee.” Id. at 4:19–21, Figs. 3A & 3B.
As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, the bearing inserts rotate freely on
flat tibial plates (tibial onlays 103). See id. at 3:59–61, Figs. 1A, 1B, 3A &
3B. Buechel discloses that, in contrast with the Oxford prosthesis, “[t]he
method of track engagement utilized in the present invention . . . prevents
rotation of the intermediate tibial bearing components 117.” Id. at 16:47–50
(emphasis added).3
b. Analysis
Claim 23 recites “[t]he device of claim 15, wherein said protrusion is
a dovetail pin and said recess is a dovetail tail, together forming a dovetail
joint.” Ex. 1001, 114:54–56. Claim 24 recites “[t]he device of claim 23,
wherein said dovetail joint is elongated, extends in a substantially anterior-
posterior orientation, and enables anterior-posterior displacement of the base
sliding side relative to the movable sliding side.” Id. at 114:57–60. Claim
25 and its prevention means limitation are discussed above. See section II.A
supra.

3 Patent Owner asserts that “[t]he inward motion of the tibial bearing
components 117 provides a rotational movement that is about an axis
generally center to tibial bearing component 117. Prelim. Resp. 16. Even
so, rotation of the tibial bearing components relative to the tibial plates in
Buechel is limited, if not prevented entirely.
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Patent 7,837,736 B2

20
Relying on the testimony of its Declarant, Dr. Erdman, Petitioner
argues with respect to each of claims 23–25 that it would have been obvious
to a person of ordinary skill in the art to substitute the dovetail joint
structures of the Buechel patent for the abutment and recess of the Walker
patent. Pet. 31–34 (citing Ex. 1013 (Erdman Decl.) ¶¶ 17–19, 27–29).
Petitioner reasons that Walker and Buechel relate to “the same field of
endeavor” and teach “similar functionality.” Id. at 31 (citing Ex. 1013
¶¶ 16, 27).
Dr. Erdman testifies that the dovetail joint structures in Buechel
perform the “same function” as the abutment 50 and recess 51 in Walker—
“constrained movement of meniscal components relative to the tray in
mobile bearing knee implants.” Ex. 1013 ¶ 27. With that predicate,
Dr. Erdman concludes that “[i]t would have been obvious to a person of
ordinary skill in the art (e.g., a matter of routine engineering and design
choice) to substitute the dovetail joint structures of the Buechel patent for
the abutment and recess of the Walker patent.” Id. “Such a substitution,”
Dr. Erdman testifies, “would achieve the predictable result of providing
constrained relative movement between the two components.” Id.
On the record before us, however, we agree with Patent Owner that
Petitioner has not shown adequately that it would have been obvious to
substitute Buechel’s dovetail joint structures for the abutment and recess
illustrated in the embodiment of Walker’s Figure 2. See Prelim. Resp. 13–
18. We are persuaded that the structure and function of the dovetail joint
structures in Buechel are substantially different from the structure and
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21
function of the abutment and recess in Walker. Id. at 16–18. As discussed
above, the function of the dovetail joint structures in Buechel is, inter alia,
to limit or prevent rotation of the meniscal components relative to the tibial
plates, while the function of abutment 50 and recess 51 in Walker is to
facilitate rotation of the meniscal component about an axis at the edge of the
tibial platform. See sections II.B.1.a and II.B.2.a supra. In view of those
substantially-different structures and functions, we determine that
Petitioner’s obviousness rationale is not supported by adequate articulated
reasoning with rational underpinning. See KSR Int'l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550
U.S. 398, 418 (2007) (“‘[R]ejections on obviousness grounds cannot be
sustained by mere conclusory statements; instead, there must be some
articulated reasoning with some rational underpinning to support the legal
conclusion of obviousness.’”) (quoting In re Kahn, 441 F.3d 977, 988 (Fed.
Cir. 2006)); cf. In re Gal, 980 F.2d 717, 719 (Fed. Cir. 1992) (design choice
is not a sufficient rationale for obviousness where structure recited in claim
and the function it performs are different from the prior art).
Accordingly, we determine that Petitioner has not demonstrated a
reasonable likelihood of prevailing on its contention that claims 23–25
would have been obvious over the combination of Walker and Buechel.

C. Motion for Joinder with Case IPR2014-00191
In view of our determination not to authorize an inter partes review as
to any of the claims of the ’736 Patent challenged in this case, Petitioner’s
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Patent 7,837,736 B2

22
Motion for Joinder seeking to join this case with Case IPR2014-00191, is
denied as moot.

III. CONCLUSION
For the forgoing reasons, we determine that the information presented
in the Petition does not establish a reasonable likelihood that Petitioner
would prevail with respect to any of challenged claims 23–25 of the
’736 Patent.

IV. ORDER
Accordingly, it is
ORDERED that no inter partes review will be instituted pursuant to
35 U.S.C. § 314 as to any claim of the ’736 Patent on any of the grounds of
unpatentability asserted in the Petition; and
FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s Motion for Joinder is denied
as moot.

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For PETITIONER:

Naveen Modi
Joseph Palys
PAUL HASTINGS LLP
naveenmodi@paulhastings.com
josephpalys@paulhastings.com

For PATENT OWNER:

Cary Kappel
William Gehris
DAVIDSON, DAVIDSON & KAPPEL, LLC
ckappel@ddkpatent.com
wgehris@ddkpatent.com