Spin80, Inc.

Trademark Trial and Appeal Board

Jan 31, 2018

No. 87116915 (T.T.A.B. Jan. 31, 2018)

This Opinion is Not a
Precedent of the TTAB

Mailed: January 31, 2018
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
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In re Spin80, Inc.
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Serial No. 87116915
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Darren Heitner of Heitner Legal, PLLC
for Spin80, Inc.

Jillian Cantor, Trademark Examining Attorney, Law Office 117,
Hellen Bryan-Johnson, Managing Attorney.
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Before Taylor, Wolfson, and Lynch,
Administrative Trademark Judges.

Opinion by Lynch, Administrative Trademark Judge:
I. Background
Spin80, Inc. (“Applicant”) seeks registration on the Principal Register of the mark
CODEGREEN in standard characters, for “Nutritional supplements in pill and/or
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powder form” in International Class 5.1 The Examining Attorney has finally refused
registration under Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d), based on
a likelihood of confusion with the mark CODE GREEN in standard characters for
“fruit beverages” in International Class 32 and “vegetable based food beverages” in
International Class 29.2 After the final Office Action, Applicant appealed. We affirm
the refusal to register for the reasons set out below.
II. Likelihood of Confusion
The determination under Section 2(d) involves an analysis of all of the probative
evidence of record bearing on a likelihood of confusion. In re E.I. du Pont de Nemours
& Co., 476 F.2d 1357, 177 USPQ 563, 567 (CCPA 1973) (setting forth factors to be
considered, hereinafter referred to as “du Pont factors”); see also In re Majestic
Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 65 USPQ2d 1201, 1203 (Fed. Cir. 2003). In any
likelihood of confusion analysis, two key considerations are the similarities between
the marks and the relatedness of the goods. See In re Chatam Int’l Inc., 380 F.2d
1340, 71 USPQ2d 1944 (Fed. Cir. 2004); Federated Foods, Inc. v. Fort Howard Paper
Co., 544 F.2d 1098, 192 USPQ 24, 29 (CCPA 1976) (“The fundamental inquiry
mandated by § 2(d) goes to the cumulative effect of differences in the essential
characteristics of the goods and differences in the marks.”). We discuss below these
and other relevant factors. See M2 Software, Inc. v. M2 Commc’ns, Inc., 450 F.3d

1 Application Serial No. 87116915 was filed July 26, 2016, based on alleged use in commerce
as of July 11, 2016 under Section 1(a) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1051(a).
2 Registration No. 3506013 issued September 23, 2008, §§ 8/15 combined declaration accepted
and acknowledged.
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1378, 78 USPQ2d 1944 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (only du Pont factors that are “relevant and
of record” need be considered).
Similarity of the Marks
We first turn to the du Pont factor comparing the applied-for and cited marks,
which we consider “in their entireties as to appearance, sound, connotation and
commercial impression.” Palm Bay Imports Inc. v. Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Maison
Fondee En 1772, 396 F.3d 1369, 73 USPQ2d 1689, 1691 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (quoting du
Pont, 177 USPQ at 567). The test assesses not whether the marks can be
distinguished in a side-by-side comparison, but rather whether their overall
commercial impressions are so similar that confusion as to the source of the goods
and services offered under the respective marks is likely to result. Coach Servs. v.
Triumph Learning LLC, 668 F.3d 1356, 101 USPQ2d 1713, 1721 (Fed. Cir. 2012); see
also Edom Labs., Inc. v. Glenn Lichter, 102 USPQ2d 1546, 1551 (TTAB 2012).
Comparing CODEGREEN to the registered mark CODE GREEN, we find the
marks to be nearly identical. The only difference between them stems from Applicant
presenting its mark without a space between the component terms “code” and
“green,” while the registered mark contains a space between the same two words. We
find this difference insignificant. See, e.g., Seaguard Corp. v. Seaward Int’l, Inc., 223
USPQ 48, 51 (TTAB 1984) (SEAGUARD and SEA GUARD “are, in contemplation of
law, identical”); In re Best W. Family Steak House, Inc., 222 USPQ 827, 827 (TTAB
1984) (BEEF MASTER and BEEFMASTER “practically identical”); Stock Pot, Inc. v.
Stockpot Rest., Inc., 220 USPQ 52, 52 (TTAB 1983), aff’d, 737 F.2d 1576, 222 USPQ
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665 (Fed. Cir. 1984) (STOCKPOT and STOCK POT “are phonetically identical and
visually almost identical”). Overall, the marks are almost indistinguishable in
appearance, and are identical in sound, meaning, and commercial impression.
Applicant has acknowledged the similarity of the marks.3
The Goods
As to the goods, we must determine whether their degree of relatedness rises to
such a level that consumers would mistakenly believe the respective goods emanate
from the same source. In making this analysis of the second du Pont factor, we look
to the identifications in the application and cited registration. See Stone Lion Capital
Partners v. Lion Capital LLP, 746 F.3d 1317, 110 USPQ2d 1157, 1162 (Fed. Cir.
2014); Octocom Sys., Inc. v. Houston Computers Servs. Inc., 918 F.2d 937, 16 USPQ2d
1783, 1787 (Fed. Cir. 1990). Applicant identifies nutritional supplements in pill
and/or powder form, while the cited registration identifies fruit beverages and
vegetable-based food beverages. In comparing the goods, we bear in mind that “the
greater the degree of similarity between the applicant’s mark and the registered
mark, the lesser the degree of similarity between the applicant’s goods and
registrant’s goods that is required to support a finding of likelihood of confusion.” In
re Thor Tech Inc., 90 USPQ2d 1634, 1636 (TTAB 2009).
The record includes evidence that goods of this type emanate from the same source
under the same mark. For example:

3 TSDR January 9, 2017 Response to Office Action at 3.
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• The Amway website promotes a sparkling fruit beverage under the same
mark, XS, as nutritional supplements in pill form;4

• The website for Medifast offers fruit beverages and nutritional supplements
in pill form under the Medifast mark;5

• The Swanson Health Products website features a pomegranate juice
beverage and nutritional supplements in pill form under the Swanson
mark;6

• The Vitacost website shows that mark used both on juice beverages and
nutritional supplements in pill form;7

• The Vitacost website also shows the mark GARDEN OF LIFE and design
used on both nutritional supplement pills and fruit beverages.8

This marketplace evidence demonstrates that consumers encounter fruit beverages
being sold by a single entity under the same mark as nutritional supplements in pill
form.
The Examining Attorney also submitted additional evidence, in the form of 11 use-
based third-party registrations that identify fruit beverages and nutritional
supplements under the same mark.9 These registrations suggest that the relevant
goods and services may emanate from the same source. See Joel Gott Wines, LLC v.
Rehoboth Von Gott, Inc., 107 USPQ2d 1424, 1432 (TTAB 2013) (“The use-based, third-
party registrations . . . also have probative value to the extent that they serve to

4 TSDR November 9, 2016 Office Action at 7-10 (amway.com).
5 Id. at 11-14 (medifast1.com).
6 Id. at 15-23 (swansonvitamins.com).
7 Id. at 30-35 (vitacost.com).
8 TSDR January 30, 2017 Office Action at 21-28.
9 Id. at 29-64.
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suggest that the goods listed therein are of a kind which may emanate from a single
source under a single mark.”); see also In re Infinity Broadcasting Corp. of Dallas,
60 USPQ2d 1214, 1217-18 (TTAB 2001); In re Albert Trostel & Sons, 29 USPQ2d
1783, 1785-86 (TTAB 1993).
Applicant argues against relatedness because its goods are “nutritional powder
and/or pill products that are geared and marketed towards the training, exercise, and
fitness industry, whereas the Registration’s Goods and Services [sic] have no precise
application other than providing a liquid alternative to juice, water, milkshakes,
etc.”10 However, Applicant points to no supporting evidence that such goods are
unrelated, and the Examining Attorney’s evidence demonstrates that the same
entities tend to offer both nutritional supplements and fruit beverages under the
same mark. Applicant’s assertion that its goods are “highly specialized” also lacks
evidentiary support, and the evidence regarding nutritional supplement pills
suggests otherwise. Overall, we find that the record amply supports the relatedness
of the relevant goods. The evidence as to these goods shows that “the circumstances
surrounding their marketing are such that they could give rise to the mistaken belief
that they emanate from the same source.” Coach Servs., 101 USPQ2d at 1722.
Trade Channels and Classes of Consumers
This du Pont factor must be assessed according to the identifications of the
respective goods and services in the application and registration at issue, not on

10 4 TTABVUE 8 (Applicant’s Brief).
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extrinsic evidence of actual use. See, e.g., Coach Servs., 101 USPQ2d at 1722;
Octocom, 16 USPQ2d at 1787. We must assume that the identified goods and services
move through all normal and usual channels of trade and methods of distribution for
such goods and services. In re i.am.symbolic llc, 866 USPQ2d 1315, 123 USPQ2d
1744, 1751 (Fed. Cir. 2017); Squirtco v. Tomy Corp., 697 F.2d 1038, 216 USPQ 937,
940 (Fed. Cir. 1983). The marketplace evidence set out above reflects that fruit
beverages and nutritional supplement pills are promoted and sold together through
the same websites, reaching the same classes of consumers. Thus, we find that at a
minimum, the trade channels and classes of consumers overlap.
Purchasing Conditions and Purchasers
Applicant argues, without supporting evidence, that its goods involve careful
purchasing conditions because consumers of nutritional supplements necessarily are
“overly dedicated to fitness and wellness,” and are “specifically pursuing the results
and effects” of the supplements.11 We cannot infer that the relevant consumers in this
case are especially sophisticated, as Applicant argues. See Enzo Biochem Inc. v. Gen-
Probe Inc., 424 F.3d 1276, 76 USPQ2d 1616, 1622 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (“Attorney
argument is no substitute for evidence.”). And while some consumers may exercise a
certain degree of care in selecting supplements, they are not necessarily likely to
exercise a high degree of care in terms of examining the trademarks. In view of this
and the requirement that we consider the least sophisticated potential purchasers,

11 Id. at 9 (Applicant’s Brief).
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we reject Applicant’s proposition that careful purchasing conditions exist for the
relevant goods. See Stone Lion Capital Partners, 110 USPQ2d at 1163 (“Accordingly,
the Board properly considered all potential investors for the recited services…. Board
precedent requires the decision to be based ‘on the least sophisticated potential
purchasers.’”).
Also under this du Pont factor, Applicant contends that the goods would not be
confused because of the difference in the actual price of its goods from the typically
lower price of vegetable and fruit beverages.12 However, in support of its assertion
that its goods are expensive, Applicant only states in its Brief that its specimen of use
“show[s] that one item of the Mark’s Goods and Services [sic] is sold for $34.99 on
Amazon.”13 We have no representation from Applicant that all its identified goods fall
in this price range. In any event, we must base our decision on the type of goods
identified in the application, not the particular goods on which Applicant may
currently use its mark, In re Elbaum, 211 USPQ 639, 640 (TTAB 1981), and evidence
in the record shows that generally, nutritional supplements can sell at a much lower
price, including in the $4-$10 range.14 Regardless, even if we were to attribute to the
relevant consumer a degree of care in purchasing these goods, it is well established
that even sophisticated consumers are not immune from source confusion, especially

12 Id. at 10.
13 Id. (emphasis added).
14 See, e.g., TSDR November 9, 2016 Office Action at 32 (Vitacost supplements at $4.50 and
$4.22); id. at 23 (Swanson supplements at $7.99 and $8.99).
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where, as here, the marks are substantially identical. See Cunningham v. Laser Golf
Corp., 222 F.3d 943, 55 USPQ2d 1842, 1846 (Fed. Cir. 2000).
The Extent of Potential Confusion
Applicant restates its position that the goods are distinct and the relevant
consumer is sophisticated, and argues under the twelfth du Pont factor that therefore
potential confusion is de minimus. We addressed these arguments above under the
relevant du Pont factors.
Conclusion
The near identical nature of the marks for related goods that move in overlapping
channels of trade, reaching the same classes of customers, renders confusion likely,
notwithstanding any care consumers may exercise.
Decision: The refusal to register Applicant’s mark is affirmed.