Royal Chain, Inc.v.Mansur Gavriel LLC

Trademark Trial and Appeal Board

Sep 17, 2018

No. 91214740 (T.T.A.B. Sep. 17, 2018)

This Opinion is Not a
Precedent of the TTAB

Hearing: September 6, 2018 Mailed: September 17, 2018

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
_____

Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
_____

Royal Chain, Inc.
v.
Mansur Gavriel LLC
_____

Opposition No. 91214740
_____

Robert Garson and Kevin Kehrli of Garson, Ségal, Steinmetz, Fladgate LLP,
for Royal Chain, Inc.
Jeffrey A. Wakolbinger, Jessica M. Garrett and Alexandra R. Caleca of Katten
Muchin Roseman LLP, for Mansur Gavriel LLC.
_____

Before Bergsman, Shaw and Goodman,
Administrative Trademark Judges.

Opinion by Bergsman, Administrative Trademark Judge:
Mansur Gavriel LLC (“Applicant”) filed an application to register the mark
MANSUR GAVRIEL (standard characters) for “handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets,”
in Class 18.1

1 Application Serial No. 85967953 filed June 24, 2013, under Section 1(a) of the Trademark
Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1051(a), based on Applicant’s first use of the mark anywhere as of March 22,
2013 and first use of the mark in commerce as of June 6, 2013.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 2 -
Royal Chain, Inc. (“Opposer”) filed a Notice of Opposition against the registration
of Applicant’s mark under Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d), on
the ground that Applicant’s mark for the listed goods so resembled the registered
mark PHILLIP GAVRIEL for the goods listed below as to be likely to cause confusion:
Diamonds; Jewelry; Precious and semi-precious stones;
Precious metals and their alloys; Precious metals, namely,
Gold, Silver, Platinum; Real and imitation jewellery;
Synthetic diamonds; Synthetic precious stones, in Class
14.2
Opposer also alleges common law use of the mark PHILLIP GAVRIEL in connection
with a wide variety of products including jewelry.
Applicant, in its Answer, denied the salient allegations in the Notice of Opposition.
As discussed more fully below in the priority section of this decision, Opposer’s
pleaded registration was cancelled for failure to file a Section 8 declaration of use
during the prosecution of this proceeding. A cancelled or expired registration has no
probative value other than to show that it once issued and it is not entitled to any of
the statutory presumptions of Section 7(b) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1057(b).
See Action Temp. Servs. Inc. v. Labor Force Inc., 870 F.2d 1563, 10 USPQ2d 1307,
1309 (Fed. Cir. 1989) (“a cancelled registration does not provide constructive notice
of anything.”); see also In Re Ginc UK Ltd., 90 USPQ2d 1472, 1480 (TTAB 2007); In
re Hunter Publ’g Co., 204 USPQ 957, 963 (TTAB 1979) (cancellation “destroys the
Section [7(b)] presumptions and makes the question of registrability ‘a new ball game’

2 Registration No. 3949235, issued April 19, 2011; cancelled. “The name ‘PHILLIP GAVRIEL’
identifies a living individual, Phillip Gabriel Maroof, whose consent is of record.”
Opposition No. 91214740
- 3 -
which must be predicated on current thought.”). Accordingly, we give Opposer’s
pleaded registration no consideration and we focus our likelihood of confusion
analysis on Opposer’s common law use of its PHILLIP GAVRIEL mark.3
I. The Record
The record includes the pleadings and, by operation of Trademark Rule 2.122(b),
37 C.F.R. § 2.122(b), Applicant’s application file.4 The parties introduced the
testimony and evidence listed below:
A. Opposer’s testimony and evidence.
1. Opposer’s first notice of reliance on the following items:
a. A copy of the record of Applicant’s application Serial No. 86396504 for
the mark MANSUR GAVRIEL for goods in Class 25 (clothing);5
b. A copy of the record of Applicant’s application Serial No. 87009436 for
the mark MANSUR GAVRIEL for goods in Class 3 (soaps, shampoos,
cosmetics, etc.);6

3 Because Opposer’s pleaded registration was cancelled for failure to file a Section 8
declaration of use, Applicant asserts that its counterclaim to cancel Opposer’s pleaded
registration is moot. Applicant’s Brief, p. 2 (68 TTABVUE 7). In view thereof, Applicant’s
counterclaim to cancel Opposer’s pleaded registration is dismissed without prejudice.
4 Because Applicant’s application file is of record by operation of Trademark Rule 2.122(b),
37 C.F.R. § 2.122(b), it was unnecessary for Opposer to introduce a copy of it through a notice
of reliance. 50 TTABVUE 8.
5 50 TTABVUE 10.
6 50 TTABVUE 18.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 4 -
c. A copy of Applicant’s Registration No. 5149663 for the mark MANSUR
GAVRIEL for services in Class 35 (retail store services);7
d. A copy of Opposer’s pleaded registration;8
e. A copy of Opposer’s Registration No. 4580170 for the mark PHILLIP
GAVRIEL for goods in Class 3 (perfumes);9
f. A copy of Opposer’s Registration No. 5110450 for the mark PHILLIP
GAVRIEL PRIVÉ for goods in Class 14 (jewelry);10
g. A copy of the search results from the USPTO electronic database of
marks with the name “Gavriel”;11
h. A copy of the Notice of Opposition for Opposition No. 91226538;12
i. A copy of a New York record identifying Mansur Gavriel Group Inc. as
a New York business;13
j. A copy of a New York record identifying Applicant as a New York
business;14

7 50 TTABVUE 24. Because Opposer introduced a copy of Applicant’s registration, it was
unnecessary for Applicant to introduce it. See Trademark Rule 2.122(a), 37 C.F.R. § 2.122(a)
(“When evidence has been made of record by one party in accordance with these rules, it may
be referred to by any party for any purpose permitted by the Federal Rules of Evidence.”).
8 50 TTABVUE 27.
9 50 TTABVUE 30.
10 50 TTABVUE 33.
11 50 TTABVUE 36.
12 50 TTABVUE 38.
13 50 TTABVUE 51.
14 50 TTABVUE 54.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 5 -
k. A copy of the complaint in Mansur Gavriel LLC v. Pelleteria Pierre
S.N.C. Di Scarselli Roberto & C. et. al., (S.D.N.Y. Civil Action No. 1:16-
cv-01791 );15 and
l. A copy of Opposer’s Registration No. 3991453 for the mark PG in Class
14 (jewelry).16
2. Opposer’s second notice of reliance on advertisements for PHILLIP
GAVRIEL PRIVÉ in publications in May, June, September, October, and
April 2016 and for PHILLIP GAVRIEL in December 2015.17
3. Opposer’s third notice of reliance on Internet news articles and other
materials referring to PHILLIP GAVRIEL jewelry,18 Wikipedia entry for
Mansur,19 and articles referring to Applicant.20
4. Opposer’s fourth notice of reliance on Applicant’s responses to Opposer’s
first set of interrogatories,21 request for production of documents,22

15 50 TTABVUE 62.
16 50 TTABVUE 127.
17 50 TTABVUE 129-147.
18 50 TTABVUE 154-194.
19 50 TTABVUE 209-211.
20 50 TTABVUE 213-235.
21 50 TTABVUE 239-254.
22 50 TTABVUE 257-266. We consider Applicant’s responses only to the extent that they state
that there are no responsive documents. See City Nat’l Bank v. OPGI Mgmt. GP Inc./Gestion
OPGI Inc., 106 USPQ2d 1668, 1674 n.10 (TTAB 2013) (responses to document production
requests are admissible solely for purposes of showing that a party has stated that there are
no responsive documents); ShutEmDown Sports Inc. v. Lacy, 102 USPQ2d 1036 n.7 (TTAB
2012) (written responses to document requests indicating that no documents exist may be
submitted by notice of reliance).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 6 -
declaration of Keith E. Sharkin, former counsel for Applicant,23 and
Applicant’s privilege log.24
5. Testimony declaration of Phillip Maroof, Opposer’s Director and Creative
Designer.25
6. Testimony deposition of Rachel Mansur, one of Applicant’s principals.26
7. Testimony deposition of Floriana Gavriel, one of Applicant’s principals.27
8. Search results from the USPTO electronic database for registrations and
applications including the names WANG, COLE, or GAVRIEL.28
B. Applicant’s testimony and evidence

1. Notice of reliance on the following items:29
a. Opposer’s responses to Applicant’s interrogatories;30

23 50 TTABVUE 268-270.
24 50 TTABVUE 272. Applicant’s privilege log is not admissible through a notice of reliance
and, therefore, it has been given no consideration. RxD Media, LLC v. IP Application
Development LLC, 125 USPQ2d 1801, 1806 n.21 (TTAB 2018) (Board did not consider
privilege log submitted under notice of reliance).
25 53-54 TTABVUE. The portions of the Maroof testimony declaration designated confidential
are posted on 51 and 52 TTABVUE.
26 57 TTABVUE. The portions of the Mansur testimony deposition designated confidential
are posted at 56 TTABVUE.
27 59 TTABVUE. The portions of the Gavriel testimony deposition designated confidential are
posted at 58 TTABVUE.
28 65 TTABVUE.
29 Applicant’s Exhibits 1-4 are superfluous inasmuch as they were introduced by Opposer.
See footnote 7.
30 61 TTABVUE 23-34.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 7 -
b. Opposer’s responses to Applicant’s request for production of
documents;31
c. Opposer’s responses to Applicant’s requests for admission;32
d. Third-party registrations and Internet evidence purportedly “showing
the coexistence of clothing and accessories offered in connection with
marks that share a common name (e.g., CALVIN KLEIN and ANNE
KLEIN).”33
2. Testimony declaration of Rachel Mansur, one of Applicant’s principals.34

II. Standing
A threshold issue in every inter partes case is the plaintiff's standing to challenge
registration. See Empresa Cubana Del Tabaco v. Gen. Cigar Co., 753 F.3d 1270, 111
USPQ2d 1058, 1062 (Fed. Cir. 2014); John W. Carson Found. v. Toilets.com Inc., 94

31 61 TTAVUE 36-46. We consider Applicant’s responses only to the extent that they state
that there are no responsive documents. See City Nat’l Bank v. OPGI Mgmt. GP Inc./Gestion
OPGI Inc., 106 USPQ2d at 1674 n.10; ShutEmDown Sports Inc. v. Lacy, 102 USPQ2d at 1036
n.7.
32 61 TTABVUE 48-59. Only the admissions are admissible. Denials to admission requests
cannot be submitted under a notice of reliance. Trademark Rule 2.120(k)(3)(i), 37 C.F.R. §
2.120(k)(3)(i); see also Life Zone Inc. v. Middleman Grp. Inc., 87 USPQ2d 1953, 1957 (TTAB
2008) ( “[U]nlike an admission (or a failure to respond which constitutes an admission), the
denial of a request for admission establishes neither the truth nor the falsity of the assertion,
but rather leaves the matter for proof at trial. Cf. Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(b).”).
33 61 TTABVUE 61-460. The list of registrations for trademarks with shared names (61
TTABVUE 462-469) is not sufficient to make the registrations of record. See Edom Labs. Inc.
v. Lichter, 102 USPQ2d 1546, 1550 (TTAB 2012) (listing of third-party marks downloaded
from Office database does not make registrations of record); Calypso Tech. Inc. v. Calypso
Capital Mgmt. LP, 100 USPQ2d 1213, 1217 (TTAB 2011) (summaries of search results for
third-party registrations are not official records and have not been considered).
34 62 TTABVUE. The portions of the Mansur declaration designated as confidential are
posted at 63 TTABVUE.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 8 -
USPQ2d 1942, 1945 (TTAB 2010). To establish its standing, Petitioner must prove
that it has a “real interest,” i.e., a “reasonable” basis for its belief of damage. See
Empresa Cubana, 111 USPQ2d at 1062; Ritchie v. Simpson, 170 F.3d 1092, 50
USPQ2d 1023, 1025 (Fed. Cir. 1999); Lipton Indus., Inc. v. Ralston Purina Co., 670
F.2d 1024, 213 USPQ 185, 189 (TTAB 1982). Opposer has established its standing
through the testimony of Phillip Maroof, Opposer’s Creative Director and Designer,
who testified about Opposer’s sales of goods under the PHILLIP GAVRIEL
trademark.35 Applicant does not contest Opposer’s standing.36
III. Priority
Applicant’s constructive date of first use is the filing date of its application, June
24, 2013. Rachel Mansur, one of Applicant’s principals, testified that Applicant
“started selling handbags in March 2013.”37 We find that March 2013 is Applicant’s
priority date.
As noted above, Opposer’s pleaded registration was cancelled for failure to file a
Section 8 declaration of use during the prosecution of this proceeding. Opposer’s
pleaded registration registered on April 19, 2011. Opposer had until October 19, 2017
(the end of the six-month grace period) to file a Section 8 declaration of use. Opposer’s

35 Maroof Decl. (51-54 TTABVUE).
36 Applicant’s Brief, p. 7 (68 TTABVUE 12).
37 Mansur Decl. ¶3 (62 TTABVUE 2); see also Mansur Testimony Dep., p. 22 (57 TTABVUE
23) (Applicant first made its bucket bag, large tote and small tote available to consumers in
2013); Applicant’s response to Opposer’s Interrogatory No. 2 (50 TTABVUE 243 (“Applicant
did not provide any products or services under its MANSUR GAVRIEL mark prior to March
22, 2013.”)).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 9 -
pleaded registration was cancelled November 24, 2017. Based on the May 5, 2017
stipulation to extend trial dates, Opposer’s testimony period closed July 24, 2017,
Applicant’s testimony period closed September 22, 2017, and Opposer’s rebuttal
testimony period closed November 22, 2017.38 Accordingly, Opposer’s pleaded
registration was valid during Opposer’s testimony period and Opposer apparently
relied on the presumptions accorded a valid registration under Section 7(b) of the
Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1057(b), to establish its priority.
However, because Opposer’s pleaded registration was cancelled before the end of
this proceeding, it is not entitled to rely on any of the statutory presumptions of
Section 7(b) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1057(b). See Action Temp. Servs. Inc.
v. Labor Force Inc., 10 USPQ2d at 1309 (“constructive notice, pursuant to section 22
of the Lanham Act, exists, and lasts, only as long as the federal registration giving
rise to that constructive notice remains in effect,” and “use following the cancellation
of Labor’s federal registration was not subject to any former constructive notice
effects of that registration.”); Kemi Organics, LLC v. Gupta, 126 USPQ2d 1601, 1606
(TTAB 2018) (cancelled registrations reflect only that registrations issued and not
that the registered marks were used); Kellogg Co. v. Western Family Foods, Inc., 209
USPQ 440, 442 (TTAB 1980) (an expired or cancelled registration is not evidence of
use of the registered mark at any time because it no longer benefits from the
presumptions of Section 7(b) of the Trademark Act). This means that the Board must
determine priority based on Opposer’s common law use of its PHILLIP GAVRIEL

38 48 TTABVUE.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 10 -
trademark even though Opposer intended to rely on the presumptions accorded its
pleaded registration.
Phillip Maroof, Opposer’s Creative Director and Designer, introduced a copy of
Opposer’s “sales records for goods sold in conjunction with the PHILLIP GAVRIEL
mark,”39 referring to Exhibit 1.40
Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a true and accurate copy of
[Opposer’s] sales records for goods sold in conjunction with
the PHILLIP GAVRIEL mark.41
The heading of Exhibit 1 is reproduced below:

The Maroof declaration does not refer to a date that sales were made. The report
indicates that the information covers a specific range of dates: May 1, 2010 through
November 17, 2015. The report does not state the dates when any sales were made
and, therefore, does not establish Opposer’s date of first use. In other words, based
on the sales report, it is possible that the earliest sale occurred after March 2013 or
after the filing date of Applicant’s application.
Mr. Maroof introduced two catalogs from 2013 and 2015.

39 Maroof Decl. ¶2 (53 TTABVUE 2).
40 Maroof Decl. Exhibit 1 (51 TTABVUE 4-1257) (confidential).
41 Maroof Decl. ¶2 (53 TTABVUE 2).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 11 -
Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 are true and accurate copies
of PHILLIP GAVRIEL catalogs from 2013 and 2015 given
to [Opposer’s] retailers and distributors.42
Mr. Maroof does not testify as to when the 2013 catalog was distributed. The bottom
of some of the catalog pages display a May 7, 2013,43 date, which is after Applicant’s
March 2013 established priority date.44 There are other dates subsequent to May 7,
2013 displayed on the bottom of other catalog pages.45 Opposer’s Exhibit 2 shows a
priority date no earlier than May 7, 2013, subsequent to Applicant’s March 2013
priority date.
Finally, Mr. Maroof introduced representative copies of PHILLIP GAVRIEL
brochures from 2012 and 2016.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 are true and accurate copies
representative [sic] PHILLIP GAVRIEL brochures and
advertisements from 2012 and 2016 distributed in
conjunction with various tradeshows and given to our
retailers and distributors for in-store display.46
As noted in footnote 42, we cannot discern where Exhibit 2 ends and where Exhibit 3
begins. Assuming arguendo that we could identify the 2012 brochures and
advertisements, all this would prove is that Opposer advertised its goods in 2012 and
not that the PHILIP GAVRIEL mark was placed on the goods or their containers or

42 Maroof Decl. ¶3 and Exhibit 2 (53 TTABVUE 2 and 5). It is not clear where the 2013 catalog
ends and the 2015 catalog begins or ends.
43 53 TTABVUE 32 and 65.
44 53 TTABVUE 5.
45 53 TTABVUE 5-31, 33-64, and 66-86.
46 Maroof Decl. ¶4 and Exhibit 3 (53 TTABVUE 3 and 54 TTABVUE 115-134).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 12 -
that jewelry was sold or transported in commerce. Section 45 of the Trademark Act,
15 U.S.C. § 1127; see also the discussion regarding Opposer’s sales supra.47
In view of the foregoing, we find that Opposer failed to meet its burden of proving
priority of use by a preponderance of the evidence and, therefore, the opposition is
dismissed. See Kemi Organics, 126 USPQ2d at 1613 (petitioner proved, by a
preponderance of the evidence, that it used the common law KEMI OYL mark prior
to respondent’s constructive use date); WeaponX Performance Prods. Ltd. v. Weapon
X Motorsports, Inc., 126 USPQ2d 1034, 1040 (TTAB 2018) (“To prevail on the ground
of likelihood of confusion under Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act, based on a
previously used mark, it is the Opposer’s burden to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence both priority of use and likelihood of confusion.”); Moreno v. Pro Boxing
Supplies, Inc., 124 USPQ2d 1028, 1034 (TTAB 2017) (quoting Hydro-Dynamics Inc.
v. George Putnam & Co. Inc., 811 F.2d 1470, 1 USPQ2d 1772, 1773 (Fed. Cir. 1987))
(“the decision as to priority is made in accordance with the preponderance of the
evidence.”).
For purposes of completeness, we address the issue of likelihood of confusion.

47 While a plaintiff may ground an opposition on the prior use of a term in a manner analogous
to trademark use, such “analogous use” must be of such a nature and extent as to create
public identification of plaintiff’s mark with the plaintiff’s goods. See T.A.B. Sys. V. PacTel
Teletrac, 77 F.3d 1372, 37 USPQ2d 1879, 1881 (Fed. Cir. 1996). Opposer’s testimony and
evidence falls short of establishing that the relevant public identified PHILLIP GAVRIEL
with a single source prior to March 2013.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 13 -
IV. Likelihood of Confusion
Our determination under Section 2(d) is based on an analysis of all of the
probative facts in evidence that are relevant to the factors bearing on the issue of
likelihood of confusion. In re E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d 1357,
177 USPQ 563, 567 (CCPA 1973) (“Du Pont”) cited in B&B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis
Indus., Inc., 135 S. Ct. 1293, 113 USPQ2d 2045, 2049 (2015); see also In re Majestic
Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 65 USPQ2d 1201, 1203 (Fed. Cir. 2003). We have
considered each Du Pont factor that is relevant or for which there is evidence of
record. See M2 Software, Inc. v. M2 Commc’ns, Inc., 450 F.3d 1378, 78 USPQ2d 1944,
1947 (Fed. Cir. 2006); ProMark Brands Inc. v. GFA Brands, Inc., 114 USPQ2d 1232,
1242 (TTAB 2015) (“While we have considered each factor for which we have
evidence, we focus our analysis on those factors we find to be relevant.”). In any
likelihood of confusion analysis, two key considerations are the similarities between
the marks and the similarities between the goods or services. See In re Chatam Int’l
Inc., 380 F.3d 1340, 71 USPQ2d 1944, 1945-46 (Fed. Cir. 2004); Federated Foods, Inc.
v. Fort Howard Paper Co., 544 F.2d 1098, 192 USPQ 24, 29 (CCPA 1976) (“The
fundamental inquiry mandated by § 2(d) goes to the cumulative effect of differences
in the essential characteristics of the goods and differences in the marks.”); see also
In re i.am.symbolic, LLC, 866 F.3d 1315, 123 USPQ2d 1744, 1747 (Fed. Cir. 2017)
(“The likelihood of confusion analysis considers all DuPont factors for which there is
record evidence but ‘may focus … on dispositive factors, such as similarity of the
Opposition No. 91214740
- 14 -
marks and relatedness of the goods’”) (quoting Herbko Int’l, Inc. v. Kappa Books, Inc.,
308 F.3d 1156, 64 USPQ2d 1375, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2002)).
A. Similarity or dissimilarity and nature of the goods.
Applicant is seeking to register its mark for “handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets”
and Opposer uses it mark on jewelry.48 Opposer introduced the evidence listed below
to show that the goods are related:
1. Vogue magazine (December 2015) features a fashion article about handbags
next to an advertisement for Opposer’s jewelry.49
2. Harper’s Bazaar (harpersbazaar.com) pictorial entitled “9 Red-Hot Bags to
Shop Now” (May 24, 2017) features the following:
• The statement that a handbag is an essential component to a fashion
ensemble.
From a suede clutch to carryall tote, a handbag in a
punchy red hue is the perfect pairing to any ensemble.50
• A photograph of a model wearing a Dior jacket, skirt, bag and sneakers,
Pandora earrings, and Opposer’s “jewelry bangle.”51

48 Opposer’s reference to its Registration No. 4580170 for the mark PHILLIP GAVRIEL for
“perfumes, aftershaves and colognes” (50 TTABVUE 30), in its brief (67 TTABVUE 27) does
not give Opposer priority of use, nor does it establish actual use of the mark.
49 50 TTABVUE 143.
50 50 TTABVUE 165.
51 50 TTABVUE 167-168; see also 50 TTABVUE 169-182 for different fashion ensembles,
including clothing, handbags and jewelry.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 15 -
3. Harper’s Bazaar (harpersbazaar.com) article about Valentino designer
Pierpaolo Piccioli (January 19, 2017) featuring Valentino ensembles with
clothing, jewelry, and shoes (no handbags).52
4. Amazon.com search for GAVRIEL retrieving advertisements for Opposer’s
jewelry and various brands of handbags.53
5. InStyle magazine (instyle.com) (January 26, 2017) published an article “Bucket
Bag Cult Fave Mansur Gavriel Is Expanding into Clothing.”54 The article
reports that Applicant will debut its ready-to-wear clothing collection in
September 2017. After the article, there are links to articles about jewelry:
“You Need to See This New Curve-Friendly Collection” and “Amazon’s Prime
Day Sale Has the Prettiest Jewelry That Only Looks Expensive.”55
For reasons other than to show that the goods are related, Applicant introduced
copies of third-party registrations for marks registered for both jewelry and
“handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets.”56 Nevertheless, third-party registrations
based on use in commerce that individually cover a number of different goods may
have probative value to the extent that they serve to suggest that the listed goods are
of a type that may emanate from the same source. In re Albert Trostel & Sons Co.,
29 USPQ2d 1783, 1785-1786 (TTAB 1993); In re Mucky Duck Mustard Co. Inc.,

52 50 TTABVUE 183-188.
53 50 TTABVUE 190-194.
54 50 TTABVUE 213-216.
55 50 TTABVUE 219.
56 61 TTABVUE 61-460.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 16 -
6 USPQ2d 1467, 1470 n.6 (TTAB 1988), aff’d mem. 864 F.2d 149 (Fed. Cir. 1988). The
registrations, with relevant portions of the identifications, are listed below.
MARK REG. NO. GOODS
CALVIN KLEIN 1993879 Watches and jewelry
CALVIN KLEIN 1604663 Women’s handbags, wallets, French and
change purses, tote bags
ANNE KLEIN 3304360 Jewelry
ANNE KLEIN 1052858 Purses, wallets
ANNE KLEIN 1016890 Pocketbooks
KENNETH COLE 2170135 Jewelry and watches
KENNETH COLE 1458352 Wallets
KENNETH COLE 1558017 Handbags
PAUL SMITH 1661631 Hand bags, tote bags, wallets, purses
PAUL SMITH 1703997 Brooches, cufflinks, tie pins, leather coin
cases
JACLYN SMITH 1921873 Costume jewelry and watches and wallets
JACLYN SMITH 1532841 Handbags
ALEXANDER WANG 5329570 Jewelry and watches
ALEXANDER WANG 3801258 Handbags

The evidence shows that jewelry and handbags are accessories to a woman’s
fashion ensemble and, as such, they are complementary products. Applicant, in its
brief, concedes “[i]n the sense that both may be considered fashion accessories, they
are.”57 In this regard, a woman’s ensemble may consist of a coordinated set of pants,
a blouse, and a jacket along with matching jewelry and handbag. See In re Melville
Corp., 18 USPQ2d 1386, 1388 (TTAB 1991) (women’s shoes and women’s pants,
blouses, shorts and jackets complementary because shoes must match or contrast
with an ensemble). Accordingly, consumers encountering jewelry and handbags, tote
bags, purses, and wallets all sold under similar marks are likely to believe that they
emanate from a single source.

57 Applicant’s Brief, p. 17 (68 TTABVUE 22).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 17 -
B. Established, likely-to-continue channels of trade and purchasers to whom sales
are made.

Applicant’s “handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets” “are offered for sale in the
United States at various retail stores and on various websites”58 “to both retailers
and consumers.”59 Retailers that sell Applicant’s products include Barney’s New
York, Neiman Marcus, and Bergdorf Goodman.60 “Applicant has advertised and
marketed its [handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets] on its website … on Applicant’s
social media sites, such as a Facebook and Instagram… through unsolicited third-
party press and blog posts … and through outdoor wild posting advertising in New
York City.”61 With respect to the unsolicited third-party press, InStyle magazine
published an article about Applicant launching its ready-to-wear clothing collection
in September 2017.62 Also, Harper’s Bazaar (harpersbazaar.com) (January 26, 2017)
posted an article about Applicant’s new product launch, “Mansur Gavriel To Expand
Into ‘Ready-To-Wear.’”63
Opposer’s “[PHILLIP GAVRIEL] jewelry is sold and marketed at tradeshows, then
subsequently sold and marketed at various online and brick and mortar retailers,
such as Walmart, Macy’s, Nordstrom, etc.”64 In addition, Opposer’s jewelry may be

58 Applicant’s response to Opposer’s interrogatory No. 11 (50 TTABVUE 247).
59 Applicant’s response to Opposer’s interrogatory No. 12 (50 TTABVUE 247-248).
60 Mansur Decl. ¶9 and Exhibits E and F (62 TTABVUE 3 and 49-54).
61 Applicant’s response to Opposer’s interrogatory No. 14 (50 TTABVUE 248-249).
62 50 TTABVUE 213-216.
63 50 TTABVUE 228.
64 Opposer’s response to Applicant’s interrogatory No. 3 (61 TTABVUE 25).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 18 -
sold by “‘drop ship’ which involves a sale via a customer website and fulfillment
directly from Opposer with the Customer [sic] packaging.”65 Opposer’s jewelry is
advertised, marketed and promoted online, in print and at tradeshows.66 “Customers
of Opposer also promote via television, radio for which Opposer will arrange for
creative input, such as photo shoots or video production, as required.”67 Opposer has
advertised its products in Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar, Elle, and InStyle magazines.68
Applicant notes correctly that because Opposer does not own a registration for the
mark PHILLIP GAVRIEL for jewelry, there are no presumptions on which it may
rely in connection with channels of trade and classes of consumers.69 However, when
there are no limitations or restrictions in Applicant’s identification of goods, the
Board must presume that Applicant’s goods move in all channels of trade that would
be normal for such goods, and that they would be purchased by all potential
customers. See Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Packard Press, Inc., 281 F.3d 1261,
62 USPQ2d 1001, 1005 (Fed. Cir. 2002); CBS Inc. v. Morrow, 708 F.2d 1579,
218 USPQ 198, 199 (Fed. Cir. 1983); Morton-Norwich Prods., Inc. v. N. Siperstein,
Inc., 222 USPQ 735, 736 (TTAB 1984). As discussed above, those channels of trade
include Opposer’s channels of trade such as brick and mortar retailers, online
retailers, and similar fashion magazines (e.g., InStyle and Harper’s Bazaar).

65 Opposer’s response to Applicant’s interrogatory No. 4 (61 TTABVUE 25-26).
66 Opposer’s response to Applicant’s interrogatory No. 5 (61 TTABVUE 26).
67 Id.
68 Opposer’s response to Applicant’s interrogatory No. 8 (61 TTABVUE 27).
69 Applicant’s Brief, p. 18 (68 TTABVUE 23).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 19 -
We find that Applicant’s “handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets” and Opposer’s
jewelry are offered in the same channels of trade to the same classes of consumers.
C. The conditions under which sales are made.
Opposer’s jewelry prices range from under $100.00 to over $10,000.00.70 On the
other hand, because Applicant’s “handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets” have no
limitations or restrictions as to price, we must presume that the products fall in all
price ranges. Opposer’s jewelry products and Applicant’s handbags, tote bags, purses
and wallets may be purchased by brand-conscious consumers and ordinary
consumers. See Stone Lion Capital Partners, LP v. Lion Capital LLP, 746 F.3d 1317,
110 USPQ2d 1157, 1163-64 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (recognizing Board precedent requiring
consideration of the “least sophisticated consumer in the class”); see also In re
Sailerbrau Franz Sailer, 23 USPQ2d 1719, 1720 (TTAB 1992) (finding that all
purchasers of wine may not be discriminating because while some may have preferred
brands, “there are just as likely to be purchasers who delight in trying new taste
treats.”). Accordingly, we find that the conditions under which sales are made is a
neutral factor.
D. The nature and extent of any instances of confusion.
Rachel Mansur testified that she is unaware of any reported instances of confusion
between the marks MANSUR GAVRIEL and PHILLIP MANSUR.71 Likewise,
Floriana Gavriel testified that she is unaware of any third-party inquiring whether

70 Maroof Decl. Exhibit 1 (53 TTABVUE 11 and 15).
71 Mansur Decl. ¶18 (62 TTABVUE 5).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 20 -
Applicant is related to PHILLIP GAVRIEL.72 On the other hand, Phillip Maroof
testified that “[o]n many occasions, at trade shows and from our buyers both myself
I [sic] have been asked of the connection between our brand and Mansur Gavriel.”73
In essence, Opposer asserts that an unidentified number of trade show attendees
and buyers have inquired as to whether there is an affiliation or other relationship
between MANSUR GAVRIEL and PHILLIP GAVRIEL. This sort of ambiguous
inquiry is not probative of actual confusion. Mini Melts, Inc. v. Reckitt Benckiser LLC,
118 USPQ2d 1464, 1475 (TTAB 2016) (disregarding inquiring evidence as hearsay
and entitled to little weight because there is no way to ascertain what the consumers
were thinking); Marshall Field & Co. v. Mrs. Fields Cookies, 25 USPQ2d 1321, 1334
(TTAB 1992) (inquiries as to corporate affiliations is not evidence of confusion
because, without more, they “indicate that these persons were aware that [the
companies at issue] were two different entities”); Elec. Water Conditioners, Inc. v.
Turbomag Corp., 223 USPQ 162, 164 (TTAB 1994) (“That questions have been raised
as to the relationship between firms is not evidence of actual confusion of their
trademarks.”).
As discussed in the priority analysis, Opposer has used its PHILLIP GAVRIEL
and design mark since approximately May 2013 and Applicant’s MANSUR GAVRIEL
mark has been used since March 2013.74 Also, we have found that Opposer’s jewelry

72 Gavriel Testimony Dep., p. 126 (59 TTABVUE 127).
73 Maroof Testimony Decl. ¶6 (53 TTABVUE 3).
74 Mansur Decl. ¶3 (62 TTABVUE 2); see also Mansur Testimony Dep., p. 22 (57 TTABVUE
23) (Applicant first made its bucket bag, large tote and small tote available to consumers in
2013); Applicant’s response to Opposer’s Interrogatory No. 2 (50 TTABVUE 243 (“Applicant
Opposition No. 91214740
- 21 -
and Applicant’s “handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets” are related products, offered
in the same channels of trade to the same classes of consumers. As discussed below,
while we declined to find that Opposer’s PHILLIP GAVRIEL mark is famous, we did
find that it is a successful product line. See footnote 81. Likewise, Applicant has
received significant unsolicited media attention including the Council of Fashion
Designers of America (“CFDA”) Swarovksi Award for Accessory Design in 2015, the
CFDA Accessory Designer of the Year Award in 2016 and a nomination in 2017.75
Thus, there has been a reasonable opportunity for confusion to have occurred. See
Citigroup Inc. v. Capital City Bank Grp., Inc., 94 USPQ2d 1645, 1660 (TTAB 2010),
aff’d, 637 F.3d 1344, 98 USPQ2d 1253 (Fed. Cir. 2011); Barbara’s Bakery Inc. v.
Landesman, 82 USPQ2d 1283, 1287 (TTAB 2007) (the probative value of the absence
of actual confusion depends upon there being a significant opportunity for actual
confusion to have occurred); Central Soya Co., Inc. v. N. Am. Plant Breeders, 212
USPQ 37, 48 (TTAB 1981) (“the absence of actual confusion over a reasonable period
of time might well suggest that the likelihood of confusion is only a remote possibility
with little probability of occurring”).
Accordingly, we find that the lack of actual confusion is a factor that weighs
against finding that there is a likelihood of confusion.

did not provide any products or services under its MANSUR GAVRIEL mark prior to March
22, 2013.”).
75 Mansur Decl. ¶13 (62 TTABVUE 4); see also Mansur Decl. Exhibits A and G (62 TTABVUE
4-5, 8-10 and 56-115).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 22 -
E. The number and nature of similar marks in use on similar goods.
Opposer introduced the results of a search for “Gavriel” in USPTO database.76 The
search results are set forth below:
1. MANSUR GAVRIEL
• Registration No. 514966377
• Serial No. 87009436 for goods in Class 378
• Serial No. 85967953 for the application at issue
2. PHILLIP GAVRIEL
• Registration No. 5110450 (PHILLIP GAVRIEL PRIVÉ)79
• Registration No. 4580170 for goods in Class 380
• Registration No. 3949235 (Opposer’s canceled pleaded registration)
3. GAVRIEL RAFAEL (Serial No. 87204142).
There is no evidence of any third-party use of PHILLIP GAVRIEL or any other
variation of GAVRIEL. Accordingly, PHILLIP GAVRIEL is an inherently distinctive
mark and it is entitled to a broad scope of protection or exclusivity of use.81

76 50 TTABVUE 36.
77 50 TTABVUE 24.
78 50 TTABVUE 18.
79 50 TTABVUE 33.
80 50 TTABVUE 30.
81 We agree with Opposer’s assessment that PHILLIP GAVRIEL is not a household name.
Opposer’s Brief, p. 26 (67 TTABVUE 33). Opposer’s evidence regarding its commercial
strength is inconclusive. Opposer’s sales between May 1, 2010 and November 17, 2015
(designated confidential) show that Opposer’s PHILLIP GAVRIEL jewelry is successful, but
it is not an extraordinary figure. Likewise, Opposer’s advertising figures (designated as
confidential and not limited to its PHILLIP GAVRIEL mark) are not extraordinary. Also,
Opposer did not testify as to the market share that PHILLIP GAVRIEL products have
Opposition No. 91214740
- 23 -
F. The similarity or dissimilarity of the marks.

We now turn to the du Pont likelihood of confusion factor focusing on the similarity
or dissimilarity of the marks in their entireties as to appearance, sound, connotation
and commercial impression. Du Pont, 177 USPQ at 567. “The proper test is not a side-
by-side comparison of the marks, but instead ‘whether the marks are sufficiently
similar in terms of their commercial impression’ such that persons who encounter the
marks would be likely to assume a connection between the parties.” Coach Servs. Inc.
v. Triumph Learning LLC, 668 F.3d 1356, 101 USPQ2d 1713, 1721 (Fed. Cir. 2012);
see also Midwestern Pet Foods, Inc. v. Societe des Produits Nestle S.A., 685 F.3d 1046,
103 USPQ2d 1435, 1440 (Fed. Cir. 2012); San Fernando Elec. Mfg. Co. v. JFD Elec.
Components Corp., 565 F.2d 683, 196 USPQ 1, 3 (CCPA 1977); Spoons Rests. Inc. v.
Morrison Inc., 23 USPQ2d 1735, 1741 (TTAB 1991), aff’d mem., 972 F.2d 1353 (Fed.
Cir. 1992). The proper focus is on the recollection of the average customer, who retains
a general rather than specific impression of the marks. Geigy Chem. Corp. v. Atlas
Chem. Indus., Inc., 438 F.2d 1005, 169 USPQ 39, 40 (CCPA 1971); L’Oreal S.A. v.
Marcon, 102 USPQ2d 1434, 1438 (TTAB 2012); Winnebago Indus., Inc. v. Oliver &
Winston, Inc., 207 USPQ 335, 344 (TTAB 1980); Sealed Air Corp. v. Scott Paper Co.,
190 USPQ 106, 108 (TTAB 1975). As indicated above, the average customer is an
ordinary consumer seeking women’s jewelry and complementary accessories.

captured and Opposer failed to put its sales and advertising figures into context with
comparative figures from competitors so that we could assess the market strength of the
PHILLIP GAVRIEL trademark. Cf. Bose Corp. v. QSC Audio Prods., Inc., 293 F.3d 1367, 63
USPQ2d 1303, 1309 (Fed. Cir. 2002).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 24 -
Because Opposer is relying on its common law rights, we must look to how
Opposer uses its mark. Cf. RxD Media, LLC v. IP Application Dev. LLC, 125 USPQ2d
1801, 1801 (TTAB 2018) (citing Otto Roth & Co. v. Universal Foods Corp. 640 F.2d
1317, 209 USPQ 40, 43 (CCPA 1981)) (“Because Opposer filed its oppositions on the
basis of its unregistered IPAD trademark, Opposer must establish proprietary rights
in that pleaded common-law mark.”). Opposer uses its PHILLIP GAVRIEL mark as
shown below:82

The name PHILLIP GAVRIEL is the dominant element of Opposer’s mark inasmuch
as it is that portion of the mark that first catches the eye. The fleur-de-lis is an
insignificant design element and “New York” designates the geographic area where
Opposer originates. In the case of marks consisting of words and a design, the words
are normally accorded greater weight because the words are likely to make an
impression upon purchasers, would be remembered by them, and would be used by
them to request the goods. See In re Viterra Inc., 671 F.3d 1358, 101 USPQ2d 1905,
1908, 1911 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (citing CBS Inc. v. Morrow, 708 F.2d 1579, 218 USPQ
198, 200 (Fed. Cir 1983)). As noted above, we focus on the recollection of the average

82 Maroof Decl. Exhibit 2 (54 TTABVUE 17). Although Opposer only pleaded use of PHILLIP
GAVRIEL as a standalone mark, Applicant, in its brief, argued that the similarity or
dissimilarity of the marks has to be based on Opposer’s mark as actually used. Applicant’s
Brief, p. 11 (68 TTABVUE 16). Applicant based its analysis of the marks using Opposer’s
mark as displayed above. Id at p. 13 (68 TTABVUE 18). In view thereof, we find that the
pleadings have been amended by implied consent to include the PHILLIP GAVRIEL and
design mark as shown above. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(b)(2).
Opposition No. 91214740
- 25 -
purchaser, in this case, an ordinary consumer, who normally retains a general rather
than a specific impression of trademarks. See L’Oreal S.A. v. Marcon, 102 USPQ2d
1434, 1438 (TTAB 2012).
Because the similarity or dissimilarity of the marks is determined based on the
marks in their entireties, the analysis cannot be predicated on dissecting the marks
into their various components; that is, the decision must be based on the entire
marks, not just part of the marks. See Stone Lion Capital Partners, 110 USPQ2d at
1161; In re Nat’l Data Corp., 753 F.2d 1056, 224 USPQ 749, 751 (Fed. Cir. 1985).
Nevertheless, there is nothing improper in stating that, for rational reasons, more or
less weight has been given to a particular feature of a mark, such as a common
dominant element, provided the ultimate conclusion rests on a consideration of the
marks in their entireties. In re Nat’l Data Corp., 224 USPQ at 751; see also Viterra,
101 USPQ2d at 1908.
Clearly MANSUR GAVRIEL is not identical to PHILLIP GAVRIEL. It is equally
obvious that each of the marks consists, in part, of the surname GAVRIEL. Nothing
in the record suggests that GAVRIEL has any inherent significance other than as a
surname. Accordingly, to the extent that the two marks under consideration share
the name GAVRIEL, they are at least in part identical in sound, appearance and
commercial impression.
In comparing MANSUR GAVRIEL and PHILLIP GAVRIEL and design, it is clear
that the dominant part of each mark is in the form of a given name and a surname;
and it is obvious that MANSUR and PHILLIP are different in appearance and sound.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 26 -
Under circumstances where the goods were identical, the Federal Circuit and the
Board have found that marks sharing a common surname but different given names
were similar. See Nina Ricci S.A.R.L. v. E.T.F. Enter. Inc., 889 F.2d 1070, 12 USPQ2d
1901, 1903 (NINA RICCI and VITTORIO RICCI);83 Jack Winter Inc. v. Lancer of
California, Inc., 183 USPQ 445, 446-47 (TTAB 1974) (JACK WINTER and DAVID
WINTER);84 Girard-Perregaux & Cie, S.A. v. Perregaux, 122 USPQ 95, 96 (Comm’r.
Pats. 1959) (PAUL PERREGAUX and GIRARD PERREGAUX).85
As discussed previously, Applicant introduced copies of third-party registrations
and Internet evidence to show the coexistence of companies using common surnames
for clothing and accessories.86 The following third-party evidence is illustrative of the
goods at issue in this proceeding:

83 In Nina Ricci, the Court compared the mark VITTORIO RICCI to an opposer’s marks NINA
RICCI, MADEMOISELLE RICCI, SIGNOR RICCI and CAPRICCI. The Court pointed to
several factors that “argue against according controlling weight to the differences in the
marks based solely on the use by the parties of dissimilar first names.” These factors were
the unifying and dominant term RICCI in the opposer’s marks; a practice in the fashion
industry of referring to surnames alone; the fame of the opposer’s mark “inasmuch as less
care may be taken in purchasing a product under a famous name”; and expanding sales in
many lines of goods under opposer’s marks.
Likewise, in Harry Winston, Inc. v. Bruce Winston Gem Corp., 111 USPQ2d 1419 (TTAB
2014), the Board found that the marks HARRY WINSTON and BRUCE WINSTON were
similar, in part, because the goods were in part identical (111 USPQ2d at 1436) and opposer’s
mark HARRY WINSTON was famous (111 USPQ2d at 1440).
84 In Jack Winter, the marks were used on identical products (i.e., shirts, pants, and jackets).
85 In Girard-Perregaux, the marks were used on in part identical products (i.e., watches and
watch movements).
86 61 TTABVUE 61-460.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 27 -
• Registration No. 1993879 for the mark CALVIN KLEIN for “watches and
jewelry”;87
• Registration No. 1604663 for the mark CALVIN KLEIN for, inter alia,
women’s handbags, wallets, tote bags, French purses, and change purses;88
• Registration No. 3304360 for the mark ANNE KLEIN for jewelry;89
• Registration No. 1046318 for the mark ANNE KLEIN for watches;90
• Registration No. 1052858 for the mark ANNE KLEIN for, inter alia, purses,
clutches, and wallets;91
• Registration No. 1016890 for the mark ANNE KLEIN for pocketbooks;92
• Registration No. 1344683 for the mark ANNE COLE for clothing;93
• Registration No. 2179237 for the mark KENNETH COLE for clothing;94
• Registration No. 2170135 for the mark KENNETH COLE for watches and
jewelry;95
• Registration No. 1458352 for the mark KENNETH COLE for, inter alia,
wallets and travelling bags;96

87 61 TTABVUE 61.
88 61 TTABVUE 87; see also 61 TTABVUE 188.
89 61 TTABVUE 122; see also 61 TTABVUE 217.
90 61 TTABVUE 137; see also 61 TTABVUE 217.
91 61 TTABVUE 147.
92 61 TTABVUE 167.
93 61 TTABVUE 220.
94 61 TTABVUE 231.
95 61 TTABVUE 236; see also 61 TTABVUE 295 and 303.
96 61 TTABVUE 253.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 28 -
• Registration No. 1558017 for the mark KENNETH COLE for handbags;97
• Registration No. 1737633 for the mark COLE HAAN for, inter alia,
handbags, purses, and wallets;98
• Registration No. 1661631 for the mark PAUL SMITH for watches;99
• Registration No. 1703997 for the mark PAUL SMITH for brooches,
cufflinks and tie pins;100
• Registration No. 1921873 for the mark JACLYN SMITH for costume
jewelry and watches;101
• Registration No. 5239570 for the mark ALEXANDER WANG for jewelry
and watches;102
• Registration No. 3801258 for the mark ALEXANDER WANG for
handbags;103
• Registration No. 2504826 for the mark VERA WANG for jewelry;104
• Registration No. 3362554 for the mark JOHN HARDY for jewelry;105 and

97 61 TTABVUE 265.
98 61 TTABVUE 282.
99 61 TTABVUE 340.
100 61 TTABVUE 344.
101 61 TTABVUE 361.
102 61 TTABVUE 382.
103 61 TTABVUE 389; see also 61 TTABVUE 415.
104 61 TTABVUE 406.
105 61 TTABVUE 434; see also 61 TTABVUE 453.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 29 -
• Registration No. 4159796 for the mark PIERRE HARDY for, inter alia,
wallets, handbags, and purses.106
Also, Applicant introduced third-party websites displaying advertising for the sale
of products under marks sharing an identical surname and a different given name.
For example,
• Macy’s (macys.com) advertises CALVIN KLEIN handbags, wallets, tote
bags and shoes and clothing, as well as ANNE KLEIN clothing and shoes;107
• Nordstrom (nordstrom.com) advertises CALVIN KLEIN clothing and shoes
and ANNE KLEIN clothing and jewelry;108
• Macy’s (macys.com) advertises KENNETH COLE clothing, shoes and
cufflinks, ANNE COLE clothing,109 and COLE HAAN shoes and clothing;110
• KMART (kmart.com) advertises JACLYN SMITH cosmetics and fragrances
and PAUL SMITH cosmetics fragrances;111
• Nordstrom (nordstrom.com) advertises ALEXANDER WANG clothing,
shoes and handbags112 and VERA WANG clothing;113 and

106 61 TTABVUE 442.
107 61 TTABVUE 188-206.
108 61 TTABVUE 207-218.
109 61 TTABVUE 294-311.
110 61 TTABVUE 314-326.
111 61 TTABVUE 378-380.
112 61 TTABVUE 416-425.
113 61 TTABVUE 426-427.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 30 -
• Saks Fifth Avenue (saksfifthavenue.com) advertises PIERRE HARDY
shoes114 and JOHN HARDY jewelry.115
To rebut Applicant’s evidence, Opposer introduced the results from searches in
the USPTO database for the names Wang and Cole.116 However, Opposer’s search
results have little probative value because they are merely a list of marks without
the goods or services. See In re i.am.symbolic, LLC, , 123 USPQ2d at 1751
(disregarding third-party registrations for other types of goods where the proffering
party had neither proven nor explained that they were related to the goods in the
cited registration); Key Chem., Inc. v. Kelite Chem. Corp., 464 F.2d 1040, 175 USPQ
99, 101 (CCPA 1972).
We draw the following inferences from the third-party registration and Internet
evidence of designers with identical surnames and different given names:
• There is no per se rule that marks consisting of identical surnames and
different given names are similar and likely to cause confusion;
• The USPTO has registered marks with identical surnames and different
given names in the field of clothing and clothing accessories; and
• A number of different trademark owners have accepted, over a long period
of time, that various marks with identical surnames and different common
names can be used and registered side-by-side without causing confusion

114 61 TTABVUE 449-452.
115 61 TTABVUE 453-460.
116 65 TTABVUE 4-16.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 31 -
provided that there are differences between the marks and goods in the field
of clothing and clothing accessories.
Cf. Plus Prods. v. Natural Organics, Inc., 204 USPQ 773, 779 (TTAB 1979) (third-
party registration evidence shows that the USPTO has historically registered PLUS
marks to different parties and that a number of owners believe that PLUS marks
may coexist on the register so long as there is some difference between the marks);
Jerrold Elect. Corp. v. The Magnavox Co., 199 USPQ 751, 758 (TTAB 1978) (third-
party registrations “reflect a belief, at least by the registrants, who would be most
concerned about avoiding confusion and mistake, that various ‘STAR’ marks can
coexist provided that there is a difference.”); In re Sien Equip. Co., 189 USPQ 586,
588 (TTAB 1975) (the suggestive meaning of the word “Brute” explains the numerous
third-party registrations incorporating that word with other wording or material no
matter how little additional significance they may add to the word “Brute” per se).
We find that the marks are more dissimilar than similar in their entireties in
terms of appearance, sound, connotation and commercial impression.
G. Analyzing the factors.
Despite the fact that the goods are related and complementary and are offered in
the same channels of trade to the same classes of consumers, because of the
differences in the marks, we find that Applicant’s mark MANSUR GAVRIEL for
“handbags; tote bags; purses; wallets” is not likely to cause confusion with Opposer’s
mark PHILLIP GAVRIEL and design for jewelry.
Opposition No. 91214740
- 32 -
Decision: The counterclaim to cancel Opposer’s pleaded registration is dismissed.
The opposition is dismissed.