Naoki MATSUNAGADownload PDFPatent Trials and Appeals BoardJul 22, 20202019006722 (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020) Copy Citation UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS P.O. Box 1450 Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450 www.uspto.gov APPLICATION NO. FILING DATE FIRST NAMED INVENTOR ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO. 15/366,617 12/01/2016 Naoki MATSUNAGA TAI/0180USR 9627 103314 7590 07/22/2020 Kim & Stewart LLP - Toshiba America, Inc. 1910 Pacific Ave. Suite 11500 Dallas, TX 75201 EXAMINER LEE, CHRISTOPHER E ART UNIT PAPER NUMBER 3992 NOTIFICATION DATE DELIVERY MODE 07/22/2020 ELECTRONIC Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding. The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication. Notice of the Office communication was sent electronically on above-indicated "Notification Date" to the following e-mail address(es): docketing@kimandstewart.com fkim@kimandstewart.com jcardenas@kimandstewart.com PTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07) UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE ____________________ BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD ____________________ Ex parte NAOKI MATSUNAGA ____________________ Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,6171 Patent 9,355,685 B2 Technology Center 3900 ___________________ Before ALLEN R. MacDONALD, JOHN A. JEFFERY, and JENNIFER L. McKEOWN, Administrative Patent Judges. MacDONALD, Administrative Patent Judge. DECISION ON APPEAL STATEMENT OF THE CASE Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 134(a), Appellant2 appeals from a Final Rejection of claims 1 and 3–27. Claim 2 has been cancelled. Appeal Br. 16–21. We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 6(b). We affirm in part. 1 Filed December 1, 2016, seeking to reissue U.S. Patent 9,355,685 B2, issued May 31, 2016, based on Application 14/590,626, filed January 6, 2015 as a continuation of 13/773,305, filed on Feb. 21, 2013, now U.S. Patent 8,929,117 issued January 6, 2015. 2 Appellant identifies the real party in interest is Toshiba Memory Corporation. Appeal Br. 3. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 2 CLAIMED SUBJECT MATTER Reissue claims 1, 3, and 20 on appeal are illustrative of the claimed subject matter (emphasis, formatting, and bracketed material added): Claim 1. A memory system comprising: [A.] a first memory chip in a multi-chip package; [B.] a second memory chip in the multi-chip package; [C.] a first internal wiring within the multi-chip package and that couples the first memory chip to a first terminal on the multi-chip package through which a first chip-enable signal is received; and [D.] a second internal wiring within the multi-chip package and that couples the second memory chip to a second terminal on the multi-chip package through which a second chip-enable signal is received, [E.] wherein the first memory chip comprises[:] [i.] a chip address memory region configured to store an initial address for the first memory chip, [ii.] an initial value-setting module configured to set the initial address in the chip address memory region, and [iii.] a rewrite module configured to write a different address from the initial address into the chip address memory region based on an external operation addressed to the initial address. Claim 3. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the first memory chip includes address-setting pins and the initial value-setting module is configured to set the initial state of the address based on voltages applied to the address- setting pins. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 3 Claim 20. A semiconductor memory device, comprising: [A.] a first external terminal for receiving a chip enable signal; [B.] a second external terminal for receiving the chip enable signal; [C.] a plurality of third external terminals for receiving a command; [D.] a first semiconductor chip including a first nonvolatile memory cell array and a first control circuit, the first nonvolatile memory cell array including a plurality of first memory cells, the first control circuit being connectable to the first external terminal; [E.] a second semiconductor chip including a second nonvolatile memory cell array and a second control circuit, the second nonvolatile memory cell array including a plurality of second memory cells, the second control circuit being connectable to the second external terminal; [F.] a substrate having a first surface on which the first and second semiconductor chips are provided and a second surface on which, the first, second, and third external terminals are arranged; and [G.] a resin material covering the first and second semiconductor chips, [H.] wherein the first control circuit is configured to perform a function corresponding to the command received through the plurality of third external terminals if [i.] the chip enable signal is asserted and [ii.] an address associated with the command matches first information stored in the first semiconductor chip, the first information distinguishing the first semiconductor chip from the second semiconductor chip. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 4 REFERENCES3 The Examiner relies on the following references: Name Reference Date Lo US 6,055,594 Apr. 25, 2000 Tu US 7,477,545 B2 Jan. 13, 2009 Fujita US 7,486,569 B2 Feb. 3, 2009 Okumura US 7,880,312 B2 Feb. 1, 2011 REJECTIONS A. Section 112, First Paragraph The Examiner rejects claims 24–27 under 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, as failing to comply with the written description requirement. Final Act. 4–5. We select claim 24 as representative. Appellant does not argue separate patentability for remaining claims 25–27. Appeal Br. 10–11. Except for our ultimate decision, we do not address the merits of the § 112, first paragraph, rejection of claims 25–27 further herein. A portion of the § 112, first paragraph, rejection of claim 24 is analogous to a now withdrawn (Ans. 3, 6) rejection of claim 11 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph. To the extent that these rejections of claims 11 and 24 are analogous, we treat the analogous portion of the rejection of claim 24 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph, as also being withdrawn. 3 All citations herein to patent and pre-grant publication references are by reference to the first named inventor only. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 5 B. Section 112, Second Paragraph The Examiner rejects claims 3, 4, 11–19, 22, and 23 under 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, as being indefinite. Final Act. 5–6. We select claims 3 and 11 as representative. Appellant does not argue separate patentability for remaining claims 4 and 12–19. Appeal Br. 5–8. We do not find where the Appeal Brief presents arguments for the § 112, second paragraph, rejection of claims 22 and 23. Therefore, we affirm pro forma the Examiner’s § 112, second paragraph, rejection of claims 22 and 23. Except for our ultimate decision, we do not address the merits of the § 112, second paragraph, rejection of claims 4, 12–19, 22, and 23 further herein. C. Section 251 – New Matter The Examiner rejects claims 24–27 under 35 U.S.C. § 251 as being based on new matter. Final Act. 6.4 We select claim 24 as representative. Appellant does not argue separate patentability for remaining claims 25–27. Appeal Br. 12. Except for our ultimate decision, we do not address the merits of the § 251 rejection of claims 25–27 further herein. 4 The rejection of claims 11–19 under 35 U.S.C. § 251 as being based on new matter has been withdrawn. Ans. 3, 11 n.3. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 6 D. Section 103(a) D.1. The Examiner rejects claims 1, 3–6, and 8–10, under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as being unpatentable over the combination of Fujita and Tu. Final Act. 6–11. Appellant does not present separate arguments for claims 3–6 and 8– 10. We select claim 1 as the representative claim for this rejection. Except for our ultimate decision, we do not address the merits of the § 103(a) rejection of claims 3–6 and 8–10 further herein.5 D.2. The Examiner rejects claim 7 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as being unpatentable over the combinations of Fujita, Tu, and Lo. Final Act. 11–12. Appellant does not present separate arguments for claim 7. Appeal Br. 13. Thus, the rejection of this claim turns on our decisions as to claim 1. Except for our ultimate decision, we do not address the merits of the § 103(a) rejection of claim 7 further herein. D.3. The Examiner rejects claims 20–23 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as being unpatentable over the combination of Fujita, Tu, and Okumura. Final Act. 12–15. 5 Claim 10 was modified on July 9, 2018 to change “written†to –rewritten– without indicating (on that date or subsequently) as required by 37 CFR § 1.173(d)(2) that the change was an intended amendment. For purposes of this appeal, we treat this change as though it was a proper amendment. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 7 Appellant does not present separate arguments for claims 21–23. Appeal Br. 14. We select claim 20 as the representative claim for this rejection. Except for our ultimate decision, we do not address the merits of the § 103(a) rejection of claims 21–23 further herein. OPINION We have reviewed the Examiner’s rejections in light of Appellant’s Appeal Brief and Reply Brief arguments that the Examiner has erred. A. Section 112, First Paragraph The Examiner rejects claim 24 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph, as failing to comply with the written description requirement. Final Act. 4– 5. Again, we note the Examiner has withdrawn a similar rejection of claim 11. Ans. 3, 6. In part the Examiner states: The invention of the claim 24 includes the particular elements “board-side terminals on the circuit board†and the particularly connecting structure “a plurality of signal lines on the circuit board connecting the controller to said board-side terminals,†which make the invention of the claim 11 be different from the invention of the claim 24. Ans. 6. The Examiner further determines: [T]he Appellant alleges that the written description requirement is met with regard to claim 24 because Fig. 8 shows that the claimed subject matter “a plurality of external terminals†could be mapped to a plurality of solder balls, and the specification describes (i) the claimed subject matter “a plurality of board-side terminals†at col. 5, lines 50-53 and col. 7, lines 26- 31 and 43-47, and (ii) the claimed subject matter “a plurality of signal lines†at col. 3, lines 3-5 (See the Appeal Brief, page 11, lines 3-16). . . . . Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 8 Based on the Appellant’s allegation, the Examiner finds the fact of disclosing a multi-chip package 10 (i.e., memory package) that includes multiple memory chips 11a to 11d (i.e., multiple memory chips) having bonding wires 55 (i.e., a plurality of internal wirings) between each of solder balls 56 (i.e., a plurality of external terminals) in Fig. 7. And, the Figs. 8-9 further implicitly disclose that said solder balls I/Oo-o through I/O7-0, I/O0-1 through I/O7-1, CE 0/1, and ALE-0/1 may be correspondingly connected to a plurality of pins I/O 0 to I/O 7, a pin of CE, and a pin of ALE per memory chip (i.e., each first and second memory chips) via said bonding wires (i.e., via said plurality of internal wirings). Nevertheless, the term “board-side terminal†is not defined in the specification, thus it would be understood such as a terminal located at the side of the circuit board by one of ordinary skill in the art. And, the specification does not disclose that (i) the plurality of board-side terminals on the circuit board include the first, second, third, and fourth terminals; (ii) the plurality of signal lines on the circuit board connect the controller to the plurality of board-side terminals; (iii) the plurality of signal lines include the first, second, third, and fourth signal lines electrically connected to their corresponding first, second, third, and fourth terminals. Furthermore, the specification is silent upon (i) how those signal lines are connecting the controller to the plurality of board-side terminals, and further (ii) how those signal lines are electrically connected to the first, second, third, and fourth terminals of the plurality of board-side terminals. Accordingly, the plurality of board-side terminals and their combination with other elements claimed in the claim 24 are not supported by the specification of the patent sought to be reissued. Ans. 7–8 (emphasis added). Appellant argues: With regard to “board-side terminals,†Applicant notes disclosure of ball grid array packages and pin grid array packages Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 9 at col. 5, line 50-53 and description of a device assembly/manufacture at col. 7, line 26-31 & line 43-47. With regard to “a plurality of signal lines†Applicant notes description at col. 3, line 3-5 (“the connection wiring of each channel contains the 1/0 signal line, the control signal line, and the R/B signal line.â€). Appeal Br. 11. Our review determines that to the extent the Examiner requires “board-side terminals on the circuit board,†this is disclosed at column 5, lines 36–53 and Figures 6–7 of the Specification. On the substrate 51, multiple terminals (bonding pads) 52 are arranged. The pins disposed in the memory chips 11a to 11d are electrically connected to the terminals 52 on the substrate 51 via the bonding wires 55. The multiple memory chips 11a to 11d and the bonding wires 55 laminated onto the substrate 51 are sealed off by the molding resin 57. Also, solder balls 56 are arranged on the lower surface of the substrate 51. The solder balls 56 are electrically connected to the terminals 52. The NAND memory 1, for example, is soldered and assembled together with the transfer controller 2 and the RAM 3 on a printed circuit board equipped in the SSD 100. The various types of signals from the transfer controller 2 are input via the solder balls 56, the terminals 52, and the bonding wires 55 to the pins equipped in the memory chips 11a to 11d. Spec. col. 5:36–49. The essence of Appellant’s argument is that an artisan would understand the solder balls 56 to be claimed board-side terminals. We agree. Therefore, based on our review, we determine the Examiner’s analysis fails to demonstrate that claim 24 lacks written description support. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 10 B. Section 112, Second Paragraph B.1. Claim 3 The Examiner rejects claim 3 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, second paragraph, as being indefinite. Claim 3 recites the limitation “the initial state†in line 3. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Furthermore, it recites the limitation “the address†in line 3. However, its prior claim 1 recites “an initial address†in line 11 and “a different address†in line 13. Thus, the limitation “the address†does not sufficiently point out its antecedent basis, which could be one of “initial address†and “different addressâ€. The Examiner presumes that the terms “the initial state†and “the address†could be considered as --an initial state-- and --the initial state-- in light of the specification, respectively, for the purpose of the claim rejection. Final Act. 5 (emphasis added). In response to the rejection, Appellant merely asserts: Since the scope of claim 3 is reasonably ascertainable by those skilled in the art, claim 3 is not indefinite because there is no confusion with regard the meaning of “the initial state of the address†in this context[.] Appeal Br. 11. We are unpersuaded by Appellant’s assertion. Claim 1 of the patent for which reissue is being sought contained only a single “an address.†Therefore, the antecedent basis of “the address†of patent claim 3 was clearly the single “an address†of claim 1. However, during prosecution of Appellant’s reissue application, claim 1 on appeal has been amended to recite two separate “an initial address†and “a different address.†Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 11 We agree with the Examiner that there is now ambiguity as to the antecedent basis of “set the initial state of the address†recited in claim 3. We suggest that more appropriate language might be “set the initial address.†B.2. Claim 11 The Examiner rejects claim 11 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, second paragraph, as being indefinite. Claim 11 recites the limitation “the chip enable signal†in lines 20 and 30. However, it recites “a chip enable signal†in lines 14, 28, and 37. Thus, the limitation “the chip enable signal†recited in line 30 does not sufficiently point out its antecedent basis, and furthermore, the three different subject matters “a chip enable signal†separately recited in lines 14, 28, and 37 are not clearly defined in the claim, e.g., what are the differences among the three different subject matters “a chip enable signalâ€. Final Act. 5–6 (emphasis added). In response to the rejection, Appellant merely asserts: Read in the context of claim 11 as a whole, each instance of “a chip enable signal†and “the chip enable signal†is appropriate and more importantly the scope of claim 11 is reasonably ascertainable by those skilled in the art and thus not indefinite. Appeal Br. 12. We agree with Appellant that read in the context of claim 11, each instance of “a chip enable signal†(lines 14, 28, and 37) and the first instance of “the chip enable signal†(line 20) are appropriate. However, we agree with the Examiner that “the chip enable signal†limitation recited in line 30 does not sufficiently point out whether its antecedent basis is the first recited “a chip enable signal†(line 14) or the second recited “a chip enable signal†(line 28). Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 12 Therefore, based on our review, we determine the Examiner’s analysis demonstrates that claim 11 is indefinite. C. Section 251 – New Matter As to claim 24, Appellant argues the § 251 new matter rejection by reference to the arguments as to the § 112, first paragraph, written description rejection. This rejection is [] derivative of the rejection of these same claims for failure or the written description requirement under 35 U.S.C. § 112. Applicant reiterates here the arguments provided above regarding these claims with respect to the written description rejection. As each of these claims is fully supported by the original patent specification (as discussed above), they are not new matter for purposes of reissue. Appeal Br. 12. As discussed above, we are persuaded by Appellant’s § 112, first paragraph, arguments. Therefore, we are persuaded by Appellant’s arguments as to the § 251 new matter rejection for the same reasons. D. Section 103(a) D.1. Appellant raises the following argument in contending that the Examiner erred in rejecting claim 1 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a). The reprogramming operations/actions in Tu are not addressed to an already stored (initial) address, but rather operate only by overriding/ignoring any previously stored/set address. Therefore, Tu must fail to teach or suggest chip address changes by “a rewrite module configured to write a different address from the initial address into the chip address memory region based on an external operation addressed to the initial address.†Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 13 Appeal Br. 13. The Examiner responds by determining: Tu teaches that rewriting the initial address of a memory chip (i.e., replacing or reprogramming the predetermined unique address of the non-defective memory die) is based on an external operation (i.e., based on a package testing) addressed to said initial address of memory chip (i.e., addressed to said predetermined unique address of memory die; See Tu, Steps 312- 324 in Fig. 4 and col. 7, line 46 through col. 8, line 25; in fact, the package level testing performs bit and word line tests, memory cell tests for reading, writing, and data retention, etc. on the memory dies being addressed by their predetermined unique addresses). Ans. 15 (emphasis added). E. As articulated by the Federal Circuit, the Examiner’s burden of proving non-patentability is by a preponderance of the evidence. See In re Caveney, 761 F.2d 671, 674 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (“preponderance of the evidence is the standard that must be met by the PTO in making rejectionsâ€). “A rejection based on section 103 clearly must rest on a factual basis[.]†In re Warner, 379 F.2d 1011, 1017 (CCPA 1967). “The Patent Office has the initial duty of supplying the factual basis for its rejection. It may not . . . resort to speculation, unfounded assumptions or hindsight reconstruction to supply deficiencies in its factual basis.†Id. We conclude the Examiner’s analysis fails to meet this standard because the rejection does not adequately explain the Examiner’s findings of fact. Particularly, we agree with Appellant that the language of claim 1 requires “a rewrite module configured to write a different address from the Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 14 initial address into the chip address memory region based on an external operation addressed to the initial address,†and we disagree with the Examiner’s reasoning that Tu without more is sufficient to show the argued claim limitation. We conclude, consistent with Appellant’s arguments, that there is insufficient articulated reasoning to support the Examiner’s finding that Tu discloses the argued claim limitation. Therefore, we conclude that there is insufficient articulated reasoning to support the Examiner’s final conclusion that claim 1 would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of Appellant’s invention. D.2. Also, Appellant raises the following argument in contending that the Examiner erred in rejecting claim 20 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a). [B]ecause Fujita already has separate/isolatable chip enable (CE) terminals for its different chips (see Fujita, Fig. 2-3, terminals CE0 and CE1), these chips are already separately addressable by a controller, independent of any internal chip address, and thus there is no need to reprogram the internal chip addresses in Fujita because communications between the outside controller and said chips is based on the internal functions of the disclosed controller (2) without particular reference to any internal chip address. Tu specifically incorporates means of reprogramming an internal address (post-packaging) because the various disclosed chips must rely on a common CE terminal/signal (See Tu, col. 4, line 67 to col. 5, line 2; “Control line 122 is a master chip enable line. Each memory device is generally enabled in response to a master chip enable signal provided by controller 110.â€) However, when a common CE is not being utilized, there is no particular need for distinct internal chip addresses in the device Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 15 of Tu. Consequently, there is no motivation to modify Fujita to incorporate reprogramming of an internal chip address, whether or not such reprogramming provides “a continuous range†of internal chip addresses since the setting of such an internal address is irrelevant because the controller resulting from the combination would not need to distinguish different chips by use of preset internal addresses because such a controller would enable/disable each chip according to supply (or not) of a dedicated chip enable signal via the distinct chip CE terminals. Okumura does nothing to cure this deficiency. Accordingly, this obviousness rejection is based on clearly erroneous hindsight bias. Appeal Br. 14 (emphasis added). We are unpersuaded by Appellant’s arguments. We conclude the combination of Fujita’s semiconductor memory device and Tu’s programmable chip enable and chip address in a memory system is the mere substitution of one chip enable process (Tu’s) for another existing chip enable process (Fujita’s) without any change in the resulting enabling of the chip, i.e., yielding predictable results. [W]hen a patent claims a structure already known in the prior art that is altered by the mere substitution of one element for another known in the field, the combination must do more than yield a predictable result. KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 416 (2007). In support of the rejection, the Examiner sets forth a clear articulated reasoning at pages 12–15 of the Final Action. Appellant cites no case law to support the position that a more complex articulated reasoning is required. Rather, as set forth by the Court in KSR, in some circumstances (e.g., mere substitution) the required analysis is minimal, while in complex Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 16 circumstances “this analysis should be made explicit.†KSR, 550 U.S. at 418. As the situation before us is one of mere substitution rendering nothing more than predictable results, we conclude the Examiner’s analysis is sufficient for the simple circumstances before us. We find the Examiner’s conclusion (and analysis) well founded. Further, Appellant has not presented evidence sufficient to show that combining the prior art was “uniquely challenging or difficult for one of ordinary skill in the art†or “represented an unobvious step over the prior art.†Leapfrog Enters., Inc. v. Fisher-Price, Inc., 485 F.3d 1157, 1162 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (citing KSR, 550 U.S. at 418–19). CONCLUSIONS The Appellant has demonstrated the Examiner erred in rejecting claims 24–27 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph, as failing to comply with the written description requirement. The Appellant has demonstrated the Examiner erred in rejecting claims 24–27 under 35 U.S.C. § 251 as being based on new matter. The Appellant has demonstrated the Examiner erred in rejecting claims 1 and 3–10 as being unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a). The Examiner has not erred in rejecting claims 3, 4, 11–19, 22, and 23 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, second paragraph, as being indefinite. The Examiner has not erred in rejecting claims 20–23 as being unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a). The Examiner’s rejections of claims 24–27 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph, as lacking written description is reversed. Appeal 2019-006722 Application 15/366,617 Patent 9,355,685 B2 17 The Examiner’s rejection of claims 24–27 under 35 U.S.C. § 251 as being based on new matter is reversed. The Examiner’s rejections of claims 1 and 3–10 as being unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) are reversed. The Examiner’s rejection of claims 3, 4, 11–19, 22, and 23 under 35 U.S.C. § 112, second paragraph, as being indefinite is affirmed. The Examiner’s rejection of claims 20–23 as being unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) is affirmed. DECISION SUMMARY In summary: Claims Rejected 35 U.S.C. § Reference(s)/Basis Affirmed Reversed 24–27 112, 1st ¶ Written Description 24–27 3, 4, 11–19, 22, 23 112, 2nd ¶ Indefiniteness 3, 4, 11–19, 22, 23 24–27 251 New Matter 24–27 1, 3–6, 8–10 103(a) Fujita, Tu 1, 3–6, 8–10 7 103(a) Fujita, Tu, Lo 7 20–23 103(a) Fujita, Tu, Okumura 20–23 Overall Outcome 3, 4, 11–23 1, 5–10, 24– 27 No time period for taking any subsequent action in connection with this appeal may be extended under 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a)(1)(iv). AFFIRMED IN PART Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation