Ex Parte Zerbe et al

Patent Trial and Appeal Board

Sep 26, 2017

13079348 (P.T.A.B. Sep. 26, 2017)

United States Patent and Trademark Office
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
United States Patent and Trademark Office
Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS
P.O.Box 1450
Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450
www.uspto.gov
APPLICATION NO. FILING DATE FIRST NAMED INVENTOR ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO.
13/079,348 04/04/2011 Horst Zerbe Intelgenx 143939-7 9584
35684 7590
BUTZEL LONG, P.C.
IP DEPARTMENT
41000 Woodward Avenue
Stoneridge West
Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304
09/28/2017 EXAMINER
ZHANG, YANZHI
ART UNIT PAPER NUMBER
1617
NOTIFICATION DATE DELIVERY MODE
09/28/2017 ELECTRONIC
Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding.
The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication.
Notice of the Office communication was sent electronically on above-indicated "Notification Date" to the
following e-mail address(es):
PATENT@BUTZEL.COM
PTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07)
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
Ex parte HORST ZERBE, NADINE PAIEMENT,
ANGELA ANGUSTI, and CORMAC LONG
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,3481
Technology Center 1600
Before ULRIKE W. JENKS, RICHARD J. SMITH, and
DEVON ZASTROW NEWMAN, Administrative Patent Judges.
JENKS, Administrative Patent Judge.
DECISION ON APPEAL
This is an appeal under 35 U.S.C. § 134(a) involving claims directed
to a method of producing a film containing tadalafil. The Examiner rejects
the claims as obvious. We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 6(b).
We AFFIRM.
1 According to Appellants, the Real Party in Interest is Intelgenx
Corporation. App. Br. 3.
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
According to the Specification, tadalafil is used to treat male erectile
dysfunction, and “is a solid that is understood to be practically insoluble in
water and only very slightly soluble in some organic solvents.” Spec. 3.
“Particle size reduction has been a non specific formulation approach that
can be applied to almost any drug to enhance solubility. The increase in
surface area results in a significant increase in surface energy leading to
greater solubilization.” Id. 1 5.
Claims 21—33 and 35—38 are on appeal, and can be found in the
Claims Appendix of the Appeal Brief. Claim 21 is representative of the
claims on appeal, and reads as follows:
21. A method of producing a pharmaceutical oral film dosage
form, comprising:
preparing a solvent system in which Tadalafil is
suspended and partially dissolved;
adding a Tadalafil solubility enhancer to the solvent
system in which Tadalafil is suspended and partially dissolved
in an amount sufficient to cause the suspended Tadalafil to
dissolve; and
removing the solvent system to produce the oral film
dosage form.
Appellants request review of the following grounds of rejection:
I. claims 21—23, 25—33, and 35—37 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as
unpatentable over Zerbe2 in view of Bradley;3
II. claim 24 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Zerbe
in view of Bradley and further in view of Heng;4 and
2 Zerbe et al., US 6,709,671 B2, Mar. 23, 2004 (“Zerbe”).
3 Bradley et al., US 2007/0105909 Al, May 10, 2007 (“Bradley”).
4 Heng et al., Influence of storage conditions and type ofplasticizers on
2
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
III. claim 38 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Zerbe
in view of Bradley and further in view of Reintjes.* * 5
Obviousness over Zerbe and Bradley
All three obviousness rejections rely upon the teaching of Zerbe and
Bradley regarding the method of producing an oral film dosage form
containing tadalafil. See Ans. 2, 7, 8. Because the same issue is dispositive
for all three rejections, we consider the rejections together.
The issue is: Does a preponderance of the evidence of record support
the Examiner’s conclusion that the combination of Zerbe and Bradley
teaches a solvent system in which tadalafil is “suspended and partially
dissolved” as required by claim 21?
Findings of Fact
FF1. Zerbe teaches the production of films for the oral delivery of
pharmaceutical active ingredients. “Therapeutic agents which exhibit
absorption problems due to solubility limitations, degradation in the
gastro-intestinal tract, or extensive metabolism” are especially well
suited for oral delivery in the form of a film. Zerbe 3:26—28, see
generally 3: 24—38.
FF2. Example 4 of Zerbe recites:
3.6 [g] Tween 80, 3.6 g glycerol, 39 g menthol,
and 171 g Kollidon 30 are dissolved in a solution of 600
ml water and 2800 ml ethanol at ambient temperature
ethylcellulose and acrylate films formed from aqueous dispersions, J. Pharm
Pharmaceut. Sci. (www.ualberta.ca/-csps) 6(3), 334^44 (2003)(“Heng”).
5 Thomas Reintjes, Solubility Enhancement with BASF Pharma Polymers,
Solubilizer Compendium, The Chemical Company (Oct. 2011) available at
htttp://www.pharma-ingredients.basf.com (“Reintjes”).
3
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
with stirring. 247.5 g hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is
then added slowly and portion wise at 50-55° C. and
stirred until completely dissolved. The mixture is then
allowed to cool and added in succession are 90 g lemon
mint flavor followed by a solution/suspension of 27.13 g
aspartame, 18 g citric acid, and 0.17 g FD&C yellow #5
in 120 ml water with stirring. The clear solution is
coated and dried under the conditions as described in
EXAMPLE 1 and the dry film is cut into pieces of a
shape and size suitable for the intended use.
Zerbe col. 5:6—18.
FF3. Example 5 of Zerbe similarly recites mixing a solution of Kollidon 30
and ethanol before introducing the active ingredient, nicotine:
165.4 g Kollidon 30 are dissolved in a solution of 720 ml
water and 2660 ml ethanol at ambient temperature with
stirring. 220.5 g hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in [sic]
then added at 55-60° C. and stirred vigorously until clear
and homogeneous. The mixture in then allowed to cool
and added in succession are 78.75 g flavor followed by a
mixture of 28.88 g nicotine salicylate and 31.5 g caramel
liquid in 120 ml water with stirring.
Zerbe col. 5:21—29.
FF4. Bradley teaches compounds that can be administered in conjunction
with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5 or PDEV inhibitors).
Bradley Tfl[ 126, 128. Once such PDEV inhibitor is tadalafil. Id. 1
128.
FF5. Bradley also teaches the production of oral film formulations. See
generally id. H 203—204.
4
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
Principle of Law
“If the claim extends to what is obvious, it is invalid under § 103.”
KSRInt’l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 419 (2007).
Analysis
Zerbe teaches the production of films by formulating at least two sets
of solutions and combining these two solutions, in addition to other
ingredients, to form a final product that is then coated onto a carrier material
and dried. See FF1, FF3, and Zerbe 4:28-45 (example 1). One solution
contains Kollidon 30 (a.k.a. polyvinylpyrrolidone)6,
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in conjunction with other ingredients, and
solvents such as ethanol and water. See FF1, FF3. The second solution
exemplified in Zerbe contains, for example, “solution/suspension of 27.13 g
aspartame, 18 g citric acid, and 0.17 g FD&C yellow #5 in 120 ml water”
(FF2) or “a mixture of 28.88 g nicotine salicylate and 31.5 g caramel liquid
in 120 ml water.” FF3. It is only after combining the two solutions and a
flavoring agent that Zerbe’s formulation is ready to be coated onto a carrier
and dried. FF2.
Bradly teaches the production of compounds that can be administered
in conjunction with a PDEV inhibitor such as tadalafil. FF4. Bradley also
teaches the use of oral films for the administration of pharmaceuticals
embedded in the films. FF4.
6 The chemical name of Kollidon® 30 is polyvinylpyrrolidone. Available at
https://pharmaceutical.basf.com/en/Drug-Formulation/Kollidon-30.html, last
accessed May 1, 2017.
5
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
The Examiner finds that Zerbe is directed to the production of oral
film compositions. Final Act. 3^4; Ans. 2—3. The Examiner acknowledges
that Zerbe “do[es] not explicitly disclose the active ingredient is Tadalafil or
ingredients [that] include anti-oxidants and taste-masking agents; [but finds
that] the[se] deficiencies are cured by Bradley.” Final Act. 5; Ans. 4. The
Examiner concludes that the combination of the respective teachings of
Zerbe and Bradley “would have been a simple substitution of one known
element (mint or nicotine of Zerbe) for another (tadalafil of Bradley) to
obtain predictable results.” Ans. 5.
We agree with the Examiner’s factual findings and conclusion, as set
out in the Final Action,7 Advisory Action,8 and Answer, which we adopt and
incorporate herein by reference, that it would have been obvious to
substitute Bradleys’ actives including the taught combination with PDEV
inhibitors to make the oral film formulation of Zerbe.
Appellants contend that as “explained at paragraph [0021] of the
specification[,] Tadalafil is suspended and partially dissolved in a first step.
Suspending and partially dissolving is not the same as completely dissolving
to form a ‘clear solution’ as taught by the Zerbe patent.” Appeal Br. 7.
“[T]he Examiner has improperly distilled the invention down to a ‘gist’ or
‘thrust’ of the invention, completely disregarding certain limitations, and
failing to consider the invention as a whole, as required by law.” Id. at 8.
We are not persuaded by Appellants’ contention and agree with the
Examiner that substituting Bradly’s composition including tadalafil for the
nicotine or mint active of Zerbe would result in a solution in which the
7 Final Office Action, mailed July 17, 2014 (“Final Act.”).
8 Advisory Action, mailed October 10, 2014 (“Advisory Act.”).
6
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
tadalafil is partially dissolved. We begin with claim interpretation because
before a claim is properly interpreted, its scope cannot be compared to the
prior art. In this case, the dispute centers on the phrase “suspended and
partially dissolved” as it is understood in light of the Specification.
The term “suspended” is not specifically defined in the Specification.
However, we agree with Appellants’ position (see Appeal Br. 7) that the
term “suspension” is reasonably interpreted by one of ordinary skill in the
art to encompass mixtures in which some of the tadalafil is in solution and
some remains in particulate form.9 Neither the term itself nor the
Specification provides any indication how much of the tadalafil needs to be
in particulate form versus in solution to be “suspended.” The broadest
reasonable interpretation of “suspended” would represent a range of tadalafil
that remains in solid form, the range spanning from all the tadalafil being in
solid form to all of the tadalafil being in solution form, but a “suspension”
would not encompass either end point of the range (e.g., fully suspended or
wherein no tadalafil is suspended).
The Specification also does not define what is encompassed by
“partially dissolved” or provide a particular threshold that must be met in
order to meet this limitation. To dissolve10 means to pass into solution. The
9 Suspension: 5. Chemistry A system in which minute particles are dispersed
throughout a fluid from which they are easily filtered but not easily settled
because of system viscosity or molecular interactions. 9. (Chemistry) chem
a dispersion of fine solid or liquid particles in a fluid, the particles being
supported by buoyancy. The Free Dictionary, http://www.theffeedictionary.
com/suspension, last accessed Sept. 25, 2017.
10 Dissolve: a. To cause to pass into solution: dissolve salt in water. The
Free Dictionary, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dissolve, last accessed
Sept. 25,2017.
7
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
broadest reasonable interpretation is that “partially dissolved” just like term
“suspension” encompasses a range where the tadalafil is either completely in
solid form or completely in solution, but does not include either end point of
the range.
Accordingly, the broadest reasonable interpretation of the phrase
“suspended and partially dissolved” as interpreted by one of ordinary skill in
the art is a range of tadalafil that remains in particulate form in a solvent; the
range spanning from all the tadalafil being in solid form to all of the tadalafil
being in solution form, but would not encompass either end point of the
range (e.g., fully suspended or wherein no tadalafil is suspended).
The Specification provides that tadalafil “is a solid that is understood
to be practically insoluble in water and only very slightly soluble in some
organic solvents.” Spec. 13. A compound that is practically insoluble, is
not the same as a compound that is insoluble.11 Practically insoluble implies
that some, even if only a small amount, of tadalafil molecules are indeed in
solution when placed in water or other organic solvent and this small amount
is sufficient to meet the claim limitation of “suspended and partially
dissolved.” See Spec. 121 (“Examples of suitable liquid solvents include,
but are not limited to, alcohols, ketones, water, nitrile, chloroform, acetic
acid, chlorinated solvents, aromatic solvents, hydroxy lie solvents, and/or
mixtures therefore, preferred liquid solvents include ketones, aliphatic
alcohols and/or mixtures thereof and more preferably a mixture of acetone
11 Insoluble: 1. (Chemistry) incapable of being dissolved; incapable of
forming a solution, esp in water; 2. incapable of being solved. The Free
Dictionary, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/insoluble, last accessed Sept.
25,2017.
8
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
and methanol”). Here, the Specification identifies water as a suitable
solvent.
Based on this reasonable interpretation of “suspended and partially
dissolved,” it would have been reasonable for the skilled artisan to conclude
that the substitution of Bradley’s active that includes tadalafil in Zerbe’s
system for producing oral films would result in tadalafil being “suspended
and partially dissolved” if the active containing solution include water. See
FF 2 and 3. Accordingly, we find no error with the Examiner’s conclusion
that it would have been obvious to substitute the composition as taught in
Bradley, for the active ingredients exemplified in Zerbe in order to form a
pharmaceutical film composition.
Appellants also contend that Zerbe does not teach adding the
components in the order claimed: “None of the Examples [of Zerbe] teach or
suggest partially dissolving and partially suspending an active agent before a
solubility enhancer for the active agent is added to solubilize the suspended
active agent.” Reply Br. 5. “One cannot determine from Zerbe '671 whether
the order of addition is or is not critical, since there are no comparisons.”
Reply Br. 5.
While Appellants do present arguments directed to the Advisory
action in the Appeal Brief (see Appeal Br. 8), those arguments are not
directed to the order of adding the components of Zerbe as discussed in the
Reply Brief. See Reply Br. 5. We note that ordinarily absent a showing of
good cause, the Board is not required to address arguments in the Reply
Brief that could have been presented in the principal Brief. See Ex parte
Borden, 93 USPQ2d 1473, 1474 (BPAI 2010) (“informative”). However, in
9
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
the interest of fairness, and compact prosecution, we address Appellants’
contention raised in the Reply Brief below.
Zerbe teaches the production of an oral film composition (see FF1-
FF3) and Bradley teaches formulations of the inventive compound with
tadalafil, which is listed among a plethora of other optional PDEV inhibitors.
See FF4-FF5; see Bradley Tflf 127—128. We note that just because Bradley
discloses numerous PDEV inhibitors that can be used in conjunction with
the inventive compound, this does not make any one of these PDEV
inhibitors less obvious. See Merck & Co. v. Biocraft Labs., Inc., 874 F.2d
804, 807 (Fed. Cir. 1989) (That the prior art “discloses a multitude of
effective combinations does not render any particular formulation less
obvious”).
Based on the combined teachings of Zerbe and Bradley, the Examiner
concludes that “[i]t would have been obvious to apply the teachings of Zerbe
. . . to improve an oral film composition comprising Tadalafil. It would be a
simple substitution of one known element for another to obtain predictable
results.” Final Act. 6, see Final Act. 10. As we understand the rejection, the
Examiner is substituting the active ingredient of Bradley, which can include
tadlafil for the active ingredient in Zerbe. The Examiner has identified
Zerbe’s active ingredients to be either a flavoring agent or nicotine. See
FF1—FF5. The Examiner further explains:
Zerbe taught the three steps of making an oral film formulation
(as claimed) with different addition sequences, e.g. preparing a
solvent system containing active ingredient before adding the
alleged solubility enhancer (Examples 1-4) and adding the
active ingredient (nicotine salicylate) after adding the alleged
solubility enhancer (Example 5). ft appears that the addition
sequence does NOT appear critical, especially absent evidence
10
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
to the contrary. Whether the solvent system containing the
ingredients is a solution or a suspension depends on the
solubility of a particular ingredient. For example, the mixture
(or solvent system) containing aspartame (a sweetener) may be
either a solution or a suspension (see example 4 of Zerbe)
because the term “a solution/suspension of 27.13 g aspartame”
is used.
Advisory Act. 2.
We find no error with the Examiner’s position that the order of mixing
the components is obvious. It has been held that the selection of any order
of performing process steps is prima facie obvious in the absence of new or
unexpected results. In re Hampel, 162 F.2d 483, 485 (CCPA 1947) (“There
is nothing in the instant record which indicates that the particular order of
steps produces results differing in any way from those which would be
brought about if another order of steps were followed.”); see also, In re
Burhans, 154 F.2d 690, 692 (CCPA 1946); In re Gibson, 39 F.2d 975, 976
(CCPA 1930) (Selection of any order of mixing ingredients is prima facie
obvious.)
Zerbe teaches mixing Kollidon 30 with water and ethanol followed by
adding hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (product A). See FF3. To this
mixture Zerbe adds the flavor agent (product B) and this is followed by a
nicotine containing mixture in water (product C). See FF3. We find no
error with the Examiner’s rationale that any order of adding the products
into a final formulation as taught by Zerbe would be obvious. See Advisory
Act. 2. The possible mixing combination using Zerbe’s products can be
illustrated as follows: ABC, ACB, BCA, BAC, CAB or CBA. We agree
with the Examiner’s position (see Advisory Act. 2), that in the absence of
evidence to the contrary any sequence of adding the ingredients would be
11
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
obvious. “Obviousness does not require absolute predictability of success
... all that is required is a reasonable expectation of success.” In re Droge,
695 F.3d 1334, 1338 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (quoting In reKubin, 561 F.3d 1351,
1360 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (citingIn re O’Farrell, 853 F.2d 894, 903-04
(Fed.Cir.1988)).
During prosecution, the United States Patent and Trademark Office
(“PTO”) bears the initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of
obviousness. In re Kumar, 418 F.3d 1361, 1366 (Fed.Cir.2005) (citing In re
Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445 (Fed.Cir.1992)). If the examiner produces
sufficient evidence to support a prima facie case, however, the burden shifts
to the applicant to produce evidence or argument in rebuttal. In re Kumar,
418 F.3d at 1366 (citing In re Piasecki, 745 F.2d 1468, 1475
(Fed.Cir. 1984)). We find that on this record that the Examiner has provided
sufficient evidence to establish such a prima facie case, and agree that it
would have been obvious to formulate Bradley’s actives into Zerbe’s oral
film forms.
Appellants have not presented sufficient rebuttal evidence or directed
us to evidence in the record that shows the order of combining the
ingredients in the claim is critical or unexpected. Examples 1 and 3 of the
Specification demonstrate that the addition of the order of ingredients as
claimed, but do not otherwise establish that combining the ingredients in a
different order would not be effective in creating the claimed composition.
We recognize, but are not persuaded by, Appellants’ contention during the
oral hearing held on September 13, 1017, that the order of combining the
components is indeed essential. Appellants could not direct us to evidence
in this record to substantiate this position. In re Geisler, 116 F.3d 1465,
12
Appeal 2015-006552
Application 13/079,348
1471 (Fed. Cir. 1997) (Argument of counsel cannot take the place of
evidence).
We conclude that a preponderance of the evidence of record supports
the Examiner’s conclusion that the combination of Zerbe and Bradley
renders obvious the method of producing a film containing tadalafil as
claimed. We thus affirm the rejection of claim 21 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a)
as being obvious, and because claims 22, 23, 25—33, and 35—37 fall with that
claim, we affirm the rejection as to those claims as well. 37 C.F.R.
§ 41.37(c)(l)(iv).
Appellants do not present separate arguments with respect to claim 24
based on the combination of Zerbe, Bradley, and Heng (see Appeal Br. 8), or
claim 38 based on the combination of Zerbe, Bradley, and Reintjes (see id.).
Accordingly, we affirm these rejection for the reasons discussed above for
claim 21.
SUMMARY
We affirm the rejection of claim 21 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over
Zerbe and Bradley, and claims 22, 23, 25—33, and 35—37 fall with claim 21.
We affirm the rejection of claim 24 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as over
Zerbe, Bradley, and Heng.
We affirm the rejection of claim 38 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over
Zerbe, Bradley, and Reintjes.
No time period for taking any subsequent action in connection with
this appeal may be extended under 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a).
AFFIRMED
13
Dates in MM-YYYY forma! are publication dates. Classifications may be US or foreign.
tJ.S. Patent and Trademark Office
PTO-892 (Rev. 01-2001) Notice o? References Cited Part of Paper No.
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
n-BASF
We create chemistry
Excipients for Drug Formuiation
KciidorA 30 - The Original from BASF
Our medium-molecular povidone is used in endless ways In pharmaceutical
formulations as binder, pore former, stabilizer, thickener, as solubilizing agent,
crystallization Inhibitor and many more. And with our trusted quality, it will always
serve exactly what you Intended It for.
The PVR that started it ail invented by Waiter Reppe over 75 years ago Kollidon'® 30 is used successfully for decades
in pharmaceutical formulations - the adhesive, film-forming, dispersing and thickening properties of soluble Kollidon^
are used in tablet binding, sugar coating, film coating, solubilization, stabilization and numerous other ways.
The grade ot Koidon^ that Is selected depends mainly on Its molecular weight, aa this dictates the viscosity, binding
effect, the complexatlon capacity and how readily It Is eliminated by the body. And thanks to the new PeroXeal
packaging concept that dramatically reduces peroxide levels, Koilldom® 30 can now be used for entirely new
applications.
The Kollidon® portfolio of various PVR grades sets new standards in quality,
3urity and patient safety,
f The original PVR from the industry’s most experienced team
f Consistently high quality for reliable performance and formulation stability
f Cutting-edge PeroXeal™ packaging concept for greater stability & suitability for oxygen-sensitive APIs - opening the
door for new applications
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 1/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
Chemical name: Polyvinylpyrrolidone
CAS-No: 9003-39-08
INCI; PVP
Regulatory Status: Regulatory
Status: Koidon® 30 meets current Ph. Eut, USP/NF and JP/JPE povidone monographs.
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 2/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
Instant & Modified release
abiding
When applied for granulation in high shear mixers or fluid-bed granulators the resulting granules with Koidon® 25,
Kollldon® 30 and Kollldon® 90 F are hard, freeflowing with a low proportion of fines. Binding strength Is excellent to
achieve hard and stable tablets,
Kollldon® 30 and Kollldon® 25 require binder quantities ef 2% and 5% related te the tablet weight. As Kollldon® 90 F
has a higher binding capacity the required quantities are 2% or even less. The high viscosity of binder solutions of
Kollldon® 90 F sometimes requires precautions to ensure the granules to be evenly wetted.
Kollldon® 25, 30 and 90 F are also suitable for the direct compression of tablets without granulation. This technique
requires a certain relative humidity, as the powder mixture must have a certain moisture content to bind properly. If
Kollldon® is used in addition to microcrystalline cellulose, It net only makes the tablets harder but also gives them
stronger edges. For best results In direct compression, all the excipients should have a certain moisture content. This
applies to starch, micro- crystalline cellulose and lactose monohydrate as fillers.
Kollldon® is also suitable as a binder for modern processes such as fluldlzed-bed granulation. Thanks to their
relatively low viscosity, solutions of Kollldon® 25 and Kollldon® 30 can be prepared relatively quickly, and sprayed
easily, to quickly give hard dust-free uniform granules. If the spray Includes pigments, Kollldon® Improves their
distribution.
Pore forming
Kollldon® SO as well as Kollldon® 25 are used as pore-forming agents in film coatings. They also improve the water
solubility of the coating,
Kollldon® can be combined with all the usual film-forming agents such as polyvinyl acetate, cellulose derivatives or
methacrylates. Alcoholic pigment suspensions can be prepared with a mixture of shellac and soluble Kollldon®, and
these give homogeneous coatings particularly In modern spray-coating and fluldlzed-bed machines. The addition of
Kollldon® 30 or Kollldon® 25 improves the rate of disintegration In aqueous solution, as the film-forming agents
usually used have poor solubility In water. In most cases, It Is recommended to strongly dilute the suspension for
spraying.
Taste masking
In liquid formulations, Kollldon® 30 as well as Kollldon® 25 complexate with the active Ingredient providing taste
masking and solubilization.
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 3/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
Stabilizer of suspensions
Koliidon*® 30, as well as Kollidon® 25 and Koidorf® 90 F can be used to stabilize oral and topical suspensions with a
wide range of active Ingredients, e, g. acyclovir, ibuprofen, magaldrate, nystatin, phonytoin, trimethoprim,
sulfonamides and antibiotics, as wall as sugar-coating suspensions.
Sugar coating
The good film-forming properties, great adhesive strength and very good dispersing action of Kollldon® are very
useful In both traditional and automatic sugar-coating processes, Koliidon® 30 and Koidon5® 25 can be added to
sugar-coating suspensions prevent crazing of the sugar coating, and It also ensures that any pigments In the coating
are evenly distributed and that the suspension remains stable. The sugar coating often develops erasing if the tablets
are dried very quickly, resulting in a moisture gradient between the outside and the Inside of the tablet, which can also
happen if the suspension contains large quantities of pigment, Koldon*® prevents the pigment particles from
aggregating again and promotes the homogeneity ef the sugar layer. Kollidon's> can also be used to prevent the
migration of soluble dyes.
Solubilization
Koilidon® 30 delivers multiple functionalities when used for solubilization.
* In solid dispersions it serves as solubilizing agent, dispersant, crystallization inhibitor and provider of immediate
release matrix functionality.
* In liquid dispersions, solutions, emulsions & micro emulsions It acts as solubilizing agent, dispersant &
crystallization Inhibitor,
Skin Delivery
Koilidon*® 30 is used in transderma! patches to solubilize the drug, ft also stabilizes certain active Ingredients In
transderma! systems , such as nitroglycerin.
Miscellaneous applications
Apart from the applications described above, the soluble grades of Koilidon^ can be used for the following purposes:
* Adhesives In adhesive gels, e, g. for dentures
* In controlled release preparations and transderma! systems to regulate the release of active substances
* Hydrophiiizatfon and pore formation in plastics for medical applications, e. g. “hollow fibres”
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 4/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
* Reduction of the toxicity of certain active substances
* Cryoprotection, iyophiiisation
* Enzyme stabilization, e, g. in diagnostics
* Vitamin stabilization
Us® m nutritional sypplamente / food products
in 1995, soiubie polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone) with k-vaiues of 25 and higher was assigned Europe number E 1201
for use in dietetic tablets, e. g. vitamin and dietary fibre labiets, and in sweeteners.
•;:V<
The new PeroXeal packaging concept for pharmaceutical grades
Improving on a classic® the new PeroXeal packaging concept for tCollldon®
At BASF, we understand that quality and stability are cruoiai for maximizing patient safety. This is why Koiiidon is
manufactured to the most exacting of standards in a world-class piant. And our experts continue to innovate,
improving and expanding our portfolio. The groundbreaking PeroXeal packaging concept effectively “seals” the
product, marking the next stage in Koiiidoms evolution.
The aluminum-free PeroXeal bag features three different functional film layers complemented by inert gas
flushing and heat sealing. The result: A significantly lower risk of oxidation and a shelf life of up to four years. This
makes worrying about peroxide levels, K values, API degradation and contamination with aluminum flakes a
thing of fhe past. What’s more, Kollidon’s enhanced stability opens the door for entirely new applications. For
example, you can now use Koiiidon as an alternative to cellulose when working with oxygen-sensitive
Ingredients, in addition, the bag's transparent Inner lining Is compatible with NIR testing - so packaging can
remain sealed until the product is actually being used, retaining Kollldon's freshness. And best of all, the new
packaging is available at no additional cost to the customer.
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 5/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 6/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
Enhanced stability through PeroXeai™ packaging
PVP (Polyvinyl pyrrolidone) - An all-round talent with tradition
PVP has a long tradition at BASF and is one of the most interesting and versatile polymers used in the
pharmaceutical industry.
HI more
Download Center
rotors Yusuon d?Xi uemticMe
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdori-30.hti,Ti[ 7/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
Technical Information
Soluble Kofltdon^ grades - Technical Information
Soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone for the pharmaceutical Industry
more
Brochure
Kollidon^ - The Original
The Kollldon^ portfolio of various PVR grades sets new standards In quality, purity and patient safety.
Consistently high quality...
lore
Application Guide
Solubility Enhancement with BASF Pharma Poiymers - Solubilizer Compendium
This book is intended for pharmaceutical technologists In Industry and at universities who wish to
formulate poorly water-soluble drugs or g...
Download here
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ am
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
Application Guide
Hot Melt Extrusion with BASF Pharma Polymers - Compendium, 2nd and
Enlarged Edition
The compendium now provides readers with an even better understanding ot solid dispersions and the
hot-melt extrusion process, and offers ev...
Download hem
Our Koilidon'^ 30 products
Go to solution finder
Related Process Technologies
fjjl Show afS(9)
Coating / Layering Crystallization Inhibition Direct Compression
Solid oral dosage forms are coated
to apply a range of functions: from
attractive colored instant-release
coatings or robust taste-masking to
functional coatings defining enteric
or sustained release,.,.
Crystallization Inhibition Is an
Important factor to maintain drug
solubility and bioavailability out of
solid and liquid dosage forms in
particular, BASF offers a range of
well established crystallize
Direct compression {[
economic way to pros
It is the shortest and \
to get from powder rr
dosage form, BASF e
functional excipients i
ad mom Read mosB
hSps://pharmac8uSicaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 9/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
Capsule Fill Instant & Modlfie
At: BASF we offer a comprehensive range of high quality functional excipients,
vitamins and omega-3 fish oils to support you In finding the right capsule fill for
your formulation needs. This unique o.,.
BAbns nch portfolio c
unprecedented range
Related Special Applications
Show allfSI
Liquid Dispersions, Solutions & Solid Dispersions
Emulsions
Tbplcai Polymeric FI
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 10/11
5/1/2017 Koiiidon® 30
A common way to Improve the
solubility of active ingredients Is to
formulate them In a liquid form - i.e.
dispersion, solution, suspension or
emulsion. Although each approach
has Its differences, they...
In a solid dispersion the drug Is
dispersed In a carrier with the
system appearing to be In a solid
state. Target Is an Increase In
solubility & bioavailability. BASF
offers both an comprehensive ....
BASF offers a numbs
formers and plastlcizr
formulations enabling
the ideal skin delivery
your topical polymers
formulation.
Head more
hSps://pharmac8u!icaLbasf.corn/en/Drug-ForrTiuiai!on/KoiNdor)-30.htiTi[ 11/11
Insoluble - definition of insoluble by The Free Dietionary Page 1 of 4
Insoluble - definition of insoluble by The Free Dictionary
ht^>://www.&>8ft«ed!ct!onary.ccaTs/!nsolub!e
insoluble
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical tsgaf Encyclopedia, Wikipedia
Related to insoluble: Insoluble fiber, Insoluble fibre
itv sol'U’bfe i'in-'Soi'ye-bei)
Bdj.
1. Thai cannot be dissolved: tnso/ub/e msber:
2, Dibicuit or impossible to solve or explain; insolvabie: insoluble nddies.
[Middle English irwoITnie, from Latin insoihbrlis : in-. not; see In© e solvere, to /oosers; see soluble.]
irnsoru-birefy, luvsormbleo'tess n.
IresoiTebie n,
In-soru-bly aoV.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, hath Edition. Copyright © 20'te by Houghton Mifflin Harecud Publishing
Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Mercouri Publishing Company. Ail rights reserved.
insoluble (insoliubei}
ad?
1. (Chemistry} incapable of being dissolved; incapable of forming a solution, esp in water
2. incapable of being solved
in groks blllty, in solubleness n
In'solubly adv
Coiiins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperOoliins Publishers; 1891, 1894, 1898, 2890, 2093,
2806, 2007, 2009, 201T 2014
in»sol*u*b!e fin'sol ye bel t
art?.
1, incapable of being dissolved: /nso/uft/e sa/fs
2, incapable of being solved: an /nso;;.«>/e prob/em.
[1350—1400; Middle English insoiibie < Middle French mso/ob/e < Latin insolObilis; see ln- \ soluble]
http ://www .thefreedictionary. com/insoliible 9/25/2017
Insoluble - definition of insoluble by The Free Dietionary
inosoi'uobii’My, lnesoru''hie''oesss n.
adv.
Random House Kcmerman Webster's Cotteg© Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997,1991 by Random House,
Inc. All rights reserved.
irvsobu-ble (rnoAiryo-bal)
Mot capable of being fully dissolved; not soluble.
The American Heritage© Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Hercoert Publishing
Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
insoluble - Can ba applied to problems that cannot be solved as ©all as substances that will not dissolve in
liquids.
See also related terms for problems.
Paries Trivia Dictionary. © 2012 Fades, Inc. All rights reserved.
insoluble
Describes a substance which does not dissolve In a particular solvent under certain conditions of
temperature aid pressure.
Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Visual information Limited
Thesaurus Legend; E Synonyms <■■■■> Related Words ^ Antonyms
Switch to now thesaurus
Adj. 1. Insoluble - (of a substance) Incapable of being dissolved
E Indissoluble
Vs soluble (of a substance) capable of being dissolved In some solvent (usually water)
2. Insoluble - admitting of no solution or explanation; "an Insoluble doubt"
Incornprehesislble, Inexplicable - incapable of being explained or accounted for; "inexplicable
errors": "left the house at three In the morning for inexplicable reasons"
soluble - susceptible of solution or of being solved or explained: "the puzzle Is soluble"
3, Insoluble - without hope of solution: "an Insoluble problem"
*-">■ hopeless - without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success: "In an agony
of hopeless grief; "with a hopeless sigh he sat down"
Based on WordNat 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Fsdex ino
http://-www .thefreedictionary. com/insoluble 9/25/2017
Insoluble - definition of insoluble by The Free Dietionary
insoluble
adfecr/oe
1, IS ^explicable, mysterious, half Hog, obscure, mystifying, Impenetrable, unaccountable,
unfathomable, indecipherable, unseeable an insoluble dilemma that I could do nothing about
inexplicable & semprebeusibie, explicable, solvable, soluble, penetrable, fathomable
2, S indissoluble, not soluble Carotenes are insoluble in water.
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language - Complete end Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarpsrColllns Publishers 1905, 2002
Translations Setect a language:
insoluble [rn'sDljubtj ADJ [substance] -» insoluble; {pixshlern} -* sin selusidn, Insoluble
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1071, 1088 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1002, 1093, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005
insoluble (hr soljubi) adjective
1. (of a substance) Impossible to dissolve. Tb/s ebefrtjca/ ;s insoluble (in o/a/erhlosolable
2, (of a problem or difficulty) impossible to solve, sin seluclon
Insolubility not©?
iosolubilkJad
Spanish / Espaflol ¥
Ksrnerrnan English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 X Dictionaries Ltd.
In'SoI'U'ble
a. Insoluble, que no so disuelve
English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Earlax 2012
insoluble adj insoluble
English--Span;sh/Spanioh--Engilsr: Msrdieal Dictionary Copyright © 2006 try The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
http ://www .thefreedictionary. com/insoluble 9/25/2017
Insoluble - definition of insoluble by The Free Dietionary Page 4 of 4
Copyright © 2§03»2§1? Fariex, tec
Disclaimer
Ai! content on this website, inducing dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography. and other reference
data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to
dale, and is not intended to be used in piece of a visit, consuilofiorr or advice of a icgai, medical, or
any other professional.
http://-www .thefreedictionary. com/insoluble 9/25/2017
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary Page 1 of 7
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary
http://wvvw.thelre8dfctionary.corn/suspension
suspension
Aiso found in: Thesaurus. Medical ksgal, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to suspension: Suspension of disbelief
sus'pen-sion (sa-spen'shan)
'tP
n.
1, The act of suspending or the condition of being suspended,
especially:
a. An interruption or temporary cessation, as of an activity
or of the application of a rule or law. See Synonyms at
pause.
Its, A temporary prohibition or exclusion, as from attending
school or enloylng a privilege, especially as a punishment,
c. A postponement, as of a judgment, opinion, or decision.
suspanslon
from J.S. Bach's Fugue No. 4 In C-sharp
Minor
2, Music
a. The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into a
following chord to create a temporary dissonance.
b. The tons or tones so prolonged.
3, A device from which a mechanical part Is suspended.
4, The system of springs and other devices that insulates the
chassis of a vehicle from shocks transmitted through the wheels,
5, Chemistry A system in which minute particles are dispersed
throughout a fluid from which they are easily filtered but not
easily settled because of system viscosity or molecular
interactions.
American Heritage® Dictionary of She FngimP Language, Afth Edition. Copyright A 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing
Company Published by Houghton iVtiffiin Harcourt Publishing Company Ail rights reserved.
suspension (saspenjcti)
n
1, an interruption or temporary revocation: the swspenstbn of a feme
2, a temporary debarment, as from position, privilege, etc
3, a deferment, esp cf a decision, judgment, etc
4, (Law) /aw
http ://www .thefreedictionary. com/suspension 9/25/2017
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary
a. a postponement of execution of a sentence or the deferring of a judgment, etc
b, a temporary extinguishment of a right or trite
5, (Banking & Finance) cessation of payment of business debts, esc as a rasuit of insoivency
8, the act of suspending or the state of being suspended
7. (Automotive Engineering) a system of springs, shook absorbers, etc, that supports the body of a wheeled
or tracked vehicle and insulates It arid its occupants from shocks transmitted by the wheels. See also
h y d ra o 11 c s o s p e a s loo
3. (General Physics) a device or structure, usually a wire or spring, that serves to suspend or support
something, such as the pendulum of a dock
9, (Chemistry) ahem a dispersion of fine solid or liquid particles In a fluid, the particles being supported by
buoyancy. See also colloid
10. (Physical Geography) the process by which eroded particles of rock are transported In a river
11. (Music, other) music one or more notes of a chord that are prolonged until a subsequent chord Is
sounded, usually to form a dissonance
Coiiins English Dictionary - Complete nod unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © MarperCoiilns Publishers 1091, 1094, 1098, 2000, 2003,
2000, 200/, 2000, 201 '■ ,2014
3us«pen*sfon (smspsn Ian)
1. the act of suspending.
2. the state of being suspended.
3. temporary abrogation, as of a law or rule.
4. temporary withholding, as of a decision or belief,
5. temporary debarring, as from an office, school, or privilege.
8, stoppage of payment of debts or claims because of financial inability or insolvency,
7.
a. a state In which the particles of a chemical substance are mixed with a fluid but are undissolved.
b. a substance In such a state.
s. a system consisting of small particles kept dispersed by agitation or by the molecular motion of tire
medium.
8. something on or by which something else is suspended or hung,
9. something that Is suspended or hung.
10. Also called susperPslors sys tem, the arrangement of springs, shock absorbers, etc., in a vehicle,
connecting fide wheel-suspension units or axles to the chassis frame.
11.
a, the prolongation of a musical tone In one chord Info the following chord, usu. producing a temporary
dissonance.
b. the tone so prolonged,
11520-30; < Latin susp@nsi6~suspend(ere} (see suspend) -■ -Ad 4lon]
Random House Kernemran Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries bid Copyright 2005, '1997, 1991 by Random House,
Inc. All rights reserved.
http://-www .thefreedictionary. com/suspension 9/25/2017
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary
sus-pen-sion (ss-spen'shen)
A mixture In which smaii particles of a substance are dispersed throughout a gas or liquid. If left undisturbed,
the particles are likely to settle to the bottom The particles in a suspension are larger than those in either a
colloid or a solution. Muddy water Is an example of a suspension. Compare colloid, solution.
The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary. Second EcHion, Copyright © 2014 fry Houghton Mitttin Horoourt Publishing
Company Published by Houghton iVIlifiia Harcourt Publishing Company Aii rights reserved
suspension
A type of dispersion In which small solid particles are dispersed In a iiguid or gas.
Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright A 2008 by Diagram Visual information limited
1 hesaurus Legend: a Synonyms «-»• Related Words Vs Antonyms
Switch to new thesaurus
Noun 1. suspension a mixture In which fine particles are suspended In a fluid where they are supported by
buoyancy
<-■> mixture (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed
proportions and not with chemical bonding)
<-■> slurry - a suspension of insoluble particles (as plaster of Paris or lime or clay etc.) usually In water
e-s resospenslon ■■ a renewed suspension of Insoluble particles after they have been precipitated
ew mash - a mixture of smashed malt grains and hot water: used In brewing
<-■> vapor, vapour a visible suspension in the air of parflcies of sorne substance
2, suspension - a time interval during which there Is a temporary cessation of something
so pause, Intermission, interruption, break
interval, time interval - a definite length of time marked off by two instants
•e-e lapse - a break or Intermission In the occurrence of something: "a lapse of three weeks
between letters"
•e-e blackout a suspension of radio or tv broadcasting
im
e-r caesura a pause or Interruption (as in a conversation); "after an ominous caesura the preacher
continued"
*■■■> dead air - an inadvertent interruption in a broadcast during which liters Is no sound
delay, postponement, time lag, wait, hold - time during which some action Is awaited; “Instant
replay caused too long a delay"; "tie ordered a hold in the action"
halftime -• an Intermission between the first and second hair of a game
http ://www .thefreedictionary. com/suspension 9/25/2017
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary Page 4 of 7
e-v rest period, rest, respite, relief - a pause for relaxation: “peopie actually accomplish more when
they take time for short rests"
e-r time-out - a brief suspension of play: "each team has two time-outs left"
<-■> letup, lull a pause during which things are calm or activities are diminished; "there was never a
letup in the noise"
3, suspension - temporary cessation or suspension
3s abeyance
e-e Inaction, Inactlvonoss, Inactivity - the state of being inactive
cold storage - In a stats of abeyance or postponement
<--> deferral, recess - a state of abeyance or suspended business
*■■■> moratorium suspension of an ongoing activity
standdown, stand-down - a suspension and relaxation from an alert stats or a state of readiness
4, suspension ■■ an interruption In the intensity or amount of something
Sr abatement, hiatus, reprieve, respite
*■■■> break, interruption - some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing
activity: "the telephone Is an annoying Interruption"; “there was a break In the
action when a player was hurt*
v-e defervescence - abatement of a fever as indicated by a reduction in body temperature
e-r remission, subsidence, remittal - an abatement In intensity or degree (as In the manifestations of a
disease): "his cancer Is In remission"
5, suspension - a mechanical system of springs or shock absorbers connecting the wheels and axles to
the chassis of a wheeled vehicle
S suspension system
c-v railcar, railroad car, railway ear, car - a wheeled vehicle adapted to the rails of railroad; "three oars
had lumped the rails"
e-v mechanical system - a system of elements that Interact on mechanical principles
<-■> automotive vehicle, motor vehicle a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not run on rails
e-e cushion, shock absorber, shock - a mechanical damper: absorbs energy of sudden Impulses: "the
old oar needed a new set of shocks"
6, suspension -- the act of suspending something (hanging If from above so It
moves freely): "there was a small ceremony for the hanging of the portrait"
ss dangling, hanging
supporting, support - the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening; "he
leaned against the wall for support"
7, suspension - a temporary debarment (from a privilege or position etc)
so temporary removal
<-■> rustication - temporary dismissal of a student from a university
http://-www .thefreedictionary. com/suspension 9/25/2017
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary Page 5 of 7
■e-r debarment ~ the act of prevention by iegai means: "they achieved his debarment from holding public
office1'
Based on WordNei 3.0, Faslex dipad. collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, cortex inc.
suspension
noun
1, s2 postponement, defay, stopping, break, stay, breaking off, Interruption, moratorium, respite,
remission, adjournment, abeyance, defernssrst, discontinuation, disbarment fee setspens/on o;7/;gbts
bstwmn London and Manchester
2. 3s removal, expulsion, rejection, exclusion, elimination, ejection, gardening leave (Brit informal).
debarment The arft/ete mce/vad a two-year suspension.
Coiiine Thesaurus of She Engireh Language -- Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 <0 HarperCoiiins Publishers 1905, 2002
suspension noun
1. The condition of being temporarily Inactive:
Ss abeyance, abeyancy, dormancy, Intermission, latency, quiescence
2. A cessation of continuity or regularity:
Ss break, discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinuity, disruption, interruption, pause,
3. The aet of putting off or the condition of being put off:
Ss adjournment deferment, deferral, delay, postponement, stay, waiver.
The American Heritage® Roast's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcoud Publishing Company. Published try
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Ail rights reserved.
Translations
suspension
Select a language: Spanish / Espahol
suspension Isas1 penfen]
A, N
1. (fromyofe) suspension f; (bom school) --> expulsion f temporal; {from team) -> exclusion f
suspension cv payments -j suspension fee pagos
2. (Aid, Chem) suspension f
B. CPD suspension bridge N puente m colgante
suspension file N aroblvador m colgaute
suspension points NPL ---» puntos mp! suspenslvos
http ://www .thefreedictionary. com/suspension 9/25/2017
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary Page 6 of 7
Collins Sparest- Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8?h Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Lid. 1S71, o938 © HorperCoisms
Publishers 1892. 1893. 1896. 1897. 2090. 2093. 2095
suspend (38’spend) vert}
1, to hang. The mast ©as suspended from e /rook, suspender, soigar, pandas'
2, to keep from lairing or sinking. Farf/eies of dust are suspended in the a/nsuspender
3, So slop or discontinue temporarily, AH business wiii be suspended untii afi&r the funeral.suspender,
aplasar, posponor
4, to prevent (a person) temporarily from continuing his (professional) activities or having his usual privileges.
7V©> foofoa/fers ©ere suspender? a/ier yesterday's mated.suspender
suspended 'sentence noun
a prison sentence that will take elfeoi only if the criminal commits a (similar} crime again, ilbertad
condtetenai
su spenders conn plural
1. a pair, or set, of elastic straps for holding up socks or stockings, ilgas
2, {American} braces for holding up trousers, drsntes
su spense (~s) norm
a slate of uncertainty and anxiety, tee waited in suspense for ibe result of the competison.in&erbdumbre;
ansledad
su spension (den) norm
1, the act of suspending, suspension
2, In a motor vehicle etc, the system of springs etc supporting the frame on the axles, suspension
3, a liquid with solid particles that do not sink, suspension
suspension bridge
a type of bridge that has Its roadway suspended from cables supported by towers pnente colgante
Kamarman English Multilingual Dictionary© 2095-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd
suspension > suspension
Multilingual Translator ® Harp-srCdiins Publishers 2098
suspension o suspension r
Pngilshtepanish/Spenish-ungiisb Medina: Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The MoGrave-Hiii Companies, inc. Ail rights reserved.
http ://www. thefreedic tionary. com/suspension 9/25/2017
Suspension - definition of suspension by The Free Dictionary Page 7 of 7
Copyright © 2003-2017 Farta„ Inc
Disclaims;;'
Aii content or> ihls sc;;bs;iie, mduding dictionary. sheas;;.::';.:*, ihorsstore, geography, s;nd other :eier;;ac:s;
date Is for informationai purpo&es oniy This information should not hs; considered compiete, op to
cteie, ;;sis; Is not intended Is; os: ossfo :r; place of s; visit, copisoltoliop, or advice of s; legal, medical. s;r
s;ny other professional.
http://www .thefreedictionary. com/suspension 9/25/2017
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary Page 1 of 8
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary
h{ft>://www.thefreedic8onary.com/dis8oive
THE 2016 NiSSAN
FRONTIER®
SSaOirsg A:
5 J fiSRP*
A:- tAAAA 20;? 'ii. CO -to.-: A/' LW*, oAo:
OyOORoi CAX'R.RIC-R; ShOvVR, VS‘V Ctooiof fi-f RR'A-RR
SHOP N'f
BUILD
Ac* irdoRrichio-''
dissolve
A!so found in: Thesaurus. Medical tsgal, Financial, Acronyms. Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
dis’solve (dl'ZOiv'}
v. dismotved, dismohHng, dissolves
v.tr.
1.
a. To cause to pass into solution: dissolve sail in water.
b« To reduce (solid matter) to liquid form; melt.
c. To cause to lose definition; blend or blur: "Morally has finally been dissolved in piiy“ (Leslie
f-i&dieri.
'NS
a. To cause to disappear or vanish, dispel: 7'he sun dissolved ihe fog. Thai remark dissolved the
tension in the room.
b. . To break Into component parts: disintegrate: The dea/ disserved the company wfo three separate
businesses.
s. To bring to an end. as by breaking up; terminate or annul; “Genera/ be Gaulle was relumed to
power... with a mandate to dissolve an overseas empire that nod turned into a nightmare* (Alison
Jolly).
d. To dismiss (an assembly such as a legislative body).
3, To cause to be moved emotionally or upset.
v.intr.
1,
a. To pass Into solution: Sa/t d/sso/ves easi/yto water.
b. To become liquid: melt: The dumps of snow dissolved into puddles.
e. To lose definition; become blurred or Indistinguishable: “the test shadows have dissolved into
darkness* (Daniei Biaian).
a. To become disintegrated; disappear: The ar/st rt/sso/ves as the son bees.
b« To be broken up into separate parts: The empire dissolved into many separate counties.
c. To be brought to an end; be annulled or terminated: A he; a tong separation, the manfage tinat/y
d/sso/ved.
3. To be moved or overcome emotionally: / dissolved into helpless laughter.
4, To make a transition between shots In a cinematic work using a superimposition in which the first shot
fades out while the second snot gradually appears.
http://w\v,w.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary Page 2 of 8
A transition in a cinematic work consisting of a superlmposltlon in which the first shot fades out white the
second shot graduaiiy appears. Aiso oaiied rap dissolve.
[Middle English dissolves, from Latin dissoleere : Its:-, dis- e solvere, to release; see tea- in Indo-
European roots ]
dis-soivte’bie adj.
dls-solv'er n.
American Heritage® Dictionary os the Fngiish Language, Rtth Edition Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing
Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Aii nghts resowed.
dissolve (dr'aniv)
vh
1, (Chemistry) to go or cause to go into solution: salt dissolves in water; water dissolves sugar.
2, to become or cause to become liquid; melt
3, to disintegrate or disperse
4, to come or bring to an end
5, (Government, Polities & Diplomacy) to dismiss (a meeting, parliament, etc) or (of a meeting, etc) to be
dismissed
6, to collapse or cause to collapse emotionally: to tesso/ve tefo team.
7, to lose or cause to lose distinctness or clarity
8, (Law) (tr) to terminate legally, as a marriage, etc
8, (Film) {inir} dims television to fade out one scene and replace with another to make two sceoes merge
Imperceptibly (fast dissolve) or slowly overlap (slow dissolve) over a period of about three or four seconds
(Film) films television a scene filmed or televised by dissolving
[Cl4: from Latin dissolvem to make loose, from dis-: + solvere to release]
dis solvable ate
dis.solvabtltty, dls solvableoess n
dis solver n
Cohns English Dictionary -- Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCoiilns Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998. 2090. 2093,
2909. 2907. 2909. 2911.2914
dissolve (didzolv)
v. -solved, •'solvds'sg,
n. v.t.
1. to make a solution of, as by mixing with a liquid: to dissolve salt in water.
2, to melt; liquefy,
3, to undo or break (a tie, union, etc.}.
4. to break up or order the termination of (an assembly or organisation), dismiss.
http://w\v,w.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary
5. to bring to an end: terminate.
8, to separate into parts or eiemenis; disintegrate.
7. to deprive of force; abrogate or annul: to ©fssofve a mamage.
8. to become dissolved, as in a solvent.
8. to become melted or liquefied.
10. to disintegrate or disperse.
11. to lose Intensity or strength.
12. to break down emotionally; lose one's composure.
13. to fade out one on-screen Image while simultaneously fading In the next, overlapping the two during the
process.
14. a transition from one on-screen image to the next made by dissolving
[1350-1400; < Latin dissolvem~dis~ dis© e solvere to solve]
dhrasofv addkHy. n.
dtsraotvkebte, adj.
dlsraoiv'er, n.
Random Mouse Kemermsn Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1987. 1981 by Random House,
Inc. At I rights reserved
dissolve (dr-zblv'}
To pass or cause to pass Into solution: Saff r;;sso/ves In water; and wafer has fee sM/fy fo e/ssefve saff.
The American Homage© Student Serenes; Diciiemary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcouri publishing
Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcour; Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
dissolve
Past participle: dissolved
Gerund: dissolving
imperative v
imperative;
dissolve ;
dissolve ;
Collins English Vert; Tables © HerperCollins Publishers 2011
dissolve
http://w\v,w.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary Page 4 of 8
Movement from one scene to another by fading the first out and the second in so that the two merge
imperceptibiy.
Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Vs&uat information Limited
Thesaurus Legend: S Synonyms Related Words 41 Antonyms
Switch to new thesaurus
Noun 1„ dissolve - {film} a gradual transition from one scene to the next; the next scene is gradually
superimposed as the former scene lades out
x-> transition - a passage that connects a topic to one that follows
Verb 1. dissolve - become weaker: "The sound faded oaf
3x lade away, lade out
x-x change state, turn • undergo a transformation or a change of positron or action; *We firmed from
Socialism to Capitalism”; "The people turned against the President when he stole the election"
x-x dissolve cause to lade away; "dissolve a shot or a picture"
2, dissolve - cause to go Into a solution; "The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar In two
cups of water"
Ss break up, resolve
change Integrity • change In physical make-up
e~e melt, melt down, run - reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by
heating; "melt butter"; "melt down gold”; "The wax melted In the sun"
e~e out - dissolve by breaking down the fat of; "soap cuts grease"
3, dissolve - come to an end; "Their marriage dissolved"; "The tobacco monopoly broke up"
S break up
x-x terminate, end - bring to an end or halt; "She ended their friendship when she found out that he
had once been convicted of a crime"; "The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period
after WW I"
4, dissolve - stop functioning or cohering as a unit; "The political wing of the party dissolved after much
internal fighting"
S disband
x--> break up - come apart; "the group broke up"
5, dissolve - cause to lose control emotionally; "The news dissolved her into tears"
x-~x dissolve - lose control emotionally; "She dissolved into tears when she heard that she had lost all
her savings In the pyramid scheme"
x—r discomfit, discompose, untune, upset, disconcert - cause to lose one's composure
http://w\v,w.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017
dissolve - lose control emotionally; ''She dissolved into tears when she heard that she had lost all her
savings in the pyramid scheme1'
we lose It break down, soap - lose control of one's emotions; “When she heard that she had not
passed the exam, she lost it completely*; "When her baby died, she snapped”
we dissolve -■ cause to lose control emotionally; “The news dissolved her into tears"
7. dissolve ■■ cause to fade away; "dissolve a shot or a picture"
w-e spec, change, modify -■ cause tc change; make different; cause a transformation; “The advent of
the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city''; "The discussion has changed my
thinking about the issue"
we dissolve, fade away, fade out - become weaker: “The sound faded out"
we etch - selectively dissolve the surface of (a semiconductor or printed circuit) with a solvent, laser, cr
stream of electrons
8. dissolve ■■ pass Into a solution; "The sugar quickly dissolved in the coffee"
we disintegrate - break Info pahs or components or lose cohesion or unity; "The material
disintegrated", "the group disintegrated alter the leader died"
9. dissolve become or cause to become soft or liquid; "The sun melted the Ice";
"the Ice thawed"; "the Ice cream melted"; "The heat melted the wax"; "The giant
iceberg dissolved over the years during the global warming phase"; '’dethaw the
meat"
Ss dethaw, thaw, unfreese, unthaw, melt
we deliquesce - melt or become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air; "this type of salt deliquesces
easily"
ww defrost, deice, de-ice make or become Iree of frost or ice; "Defrost the car window"
we flux, liquify, liquefy - become liquid or fluid when treated; "the boxen fat liquefied"
10. dissolve - bring the association of to an end or cause to break up; "The decree officially dissolved the
marriage"; “the judge dissolved the tobacco company"
i£ break up
ww dismiss, dissolve declare void: "The President dissolved the parliament and called lor new
elections"
ww terminate, end • bring to an end or halt; "She ended their friendship when sire found out that he
had once been convicted of a crime"; "The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period
after WW I"
11. dissolve - declare void; "The President dissolved the parliament and called for new elections"
S dismiss
ww alter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The adyent of
the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my
thinking about the Issue"
we dissolve, break up - bring the association of to an end or cause to break up; "The decree officially
dissolved the marriage": "the judge dissolved the tobacco company"
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary Page 5 of 8
http://w\v,w.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary Page 6 of 8
Bored os'! vVordNet 3 0, Boriex dinar; collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Oartex Inc.
dissolve
verb
1, S melt, break down, disintegrate, settee, thaw, flax, liquefy, deliquesce Heat gently until the sugar
dissolves.
2, S ead, dismiss, suspend, exe (informal), break up, wind up, overthrow, terminate, discontinue,
dlsmeetie, disband, disunite The King agreed io dissolve the present commission.
3.. S disappear, fade, vanish, break down, crumble, disperse, dwindle, evaporate, disintegrate,
perish, diffuse, dissipate, decompose, melt away, waste sway, evanesce His new-found optimism
dissolved.
dissolve Into or In something (with fears or laughter as object) Ss break Into, burst Into, give way to, launch
Into She d/sso/oed tofo team.
Coiiins Thesaurus of She English Language - Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperColiins Publishers 1995, 2002
dissolve verb
1, To change from a solid to a liquid:
S deliquesce, flex, fuse, liquefy, melt, run, thaw.
2, To reduce or become reduced to pieces or components:
S break down, break up, crumble, decompose, disintegrate, fragment, fragmentise,
3, To disappear gradually by or as if by dispersal of particles:
S fade, melt (away).
4, To make (a film Image) disappear gradually:
Ss fade out.
coon
A gradual disappearance, especially of a Him Image:
S fade, fadeaway, fade-out.
The American Heritage® Rogers Thesaurus. Copyright ©2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Hareourt Publishing Company Published by
Houghton Midis? Harcourt Publishing Company, Aii rights reserved.
Translations
dlsolver disoiverse desbaeer
Seiecf a language: Spanish / Espahoi
dissolve kb ©uvi
A. VT (gen) (Comm) -> dlsolver
http://w\v,w.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary Page 7 of 8
B. VI (gen) -•> dlsoiycrs©
/t d/aso/yos in water > so dlsoelve on agua
the crowd dissolved la muehedumbra se stbspers©
she drsstoo/ed into tears -» se deshsso an iagdmas
Collins Spanish Dictionary • Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Cniiins Sena & Co. Ltd. 1971. 1588 © HarperCoiiins
Publishers 1902. 1903. 1906. 1907. 2000. 2003. 2006
dissolve (dizolv) verb
1. to (cause to) melt or break up, especially by putting in a liquid. He dissolved the pills in water; The pitta
dissolved easily in water.dlsolver
2. to put an end to (a parliament, a marriage ate), drsolvor
dissolution (dlssOuoso) noon
the drseohtdon o/ ParOamonSdisolysion
Kemerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.
dissolve -v dissolver
Muitstinguaf Translator© HarperCcffins Pubiishen. 2009
dissolve
v. disolver, diluir, deshaoer; desirulr,
Bngllsh-Spanlsh bfedtcal Dictionary© Fanex 2012
dissolve vl, ©disoiver(se)
Pngilsn-Spanlsh/Spanish-Dngiiitb Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The MoGravv--Flll! Companies;, Inc;. Ail right;; reserved.
Advertisement Bad bssnner? Please isri as; know Remove Ada
http://w\v,w.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017
Dissolve - definition of dissolve by The Free Dictionary 'age 8 of 8
Copyright €> 2003*201 ? Faslsx, Inc
Disclaimer
AH content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference
data is tor informational purposes: only. This information should not be considered complete, op 1o
date, and so not intended lo bra used in pines; of a visa-, consultation, or advice of a iogal. medical, or
any other professkwrl
http://www.thefreedictionar\r.com/dissolve 9/25/2017