Demolition Workers Union Local 95

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Dec 21, 1999

330 N.L.R.B. 352 (N.L.R.B. 1999)

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 352
Demolition Workers Union Local 95, AFL–CIO and
Mackroyce Dismantling, Ltd. Case 29–CB–
10362
December 21, 1999
DECISION AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS LIEBMAN, HURTGEN, AND BRAME
On February 17, 1999, Administrative Law Judge
Margaret M. Kern issued the attached decision. The Re-
spondent filed exceptions and a supporting brief, and the
Intervenor, the New York City Demolition Contractors’
Association, Inc., filed cross-exceptions and a supporting
brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions, cross-exceptions, and briefs1
and has decided to affirm the judge’s rulings, findings,2
and conclusions and to adopt the recommended Order as
modified and set forth in full below.3
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the rec-
ommended Order of the administrative law judge as
modified and set forth in full below and orders that the
Respondent, Demolition Workers Union Local 95, AFL–
CIO, Bronx, New York, its officers, agents, and repre-
sentatives, shall

d.

1 No party has excepted to the judge’s findings that the Respondent
violated Sec. 8(b)(3) of the Act by: (1) failing to execute the collective-
bargaining agreement between the Respondent and Charging Party
Mackroyce Dismantling (Mackroyce); and (2) picketing a Mackroyce
jobsite in order to force Mackroyce to renegotiate the terms of the
collective-bargaining agreement previously agreed to by the Respon-
dent.
2 The Respondent excepts to the judge’s finding that Mackroyce
“has been making fringe benefit contributions” since its execution of
the collective-bargaining agreement, to the extent it implies that Mack-
royce has been making timely fringe benefit contributions under the
agreement. We find merit in this exception. Mackroyce’s president
Peter D’Agostino, testified that it is behind “over two months” in pay-
ments to the union fringe benefit funds.
3 We have deleted the general injunctive “like or related” language
from the recommended Order because no violation of Sec. 8(b)(1)(A)
has been found, and Sec. 8(b)(1)(A) is not a derivative violation of an
8(b)(3) violation. California Nurses Assn. (Alta Bates Medical Center),
326 NLRB 1362 fn. 1 (1998). In addition, we do not adopt pars. 2(b)
and (c) of the judge’s recommended Order, providing for a make-whole
remedy for unit employees employed by Mackroyce, as a result of the
Respondent’s unlawful failure to execute the contract and subsequent
picketing. In this regard, we note, inter alia, that neither the General
Counsel nor the Charging Party has requested a make-whole remedy.
We have also substituted a new notice reflecting these modifications.
In agreeing that a make-whole remedy is not appropriate for the Re-
spondent’s violations of Sec. 8(b)(3), Member Liebman relies on
Painters (Northern California Drywall Assn.), 326 NLRB 1074 (1998)
(Board did not adopt judge’s recommended Order requiring union to
make whole bargaining unit employees for losses suffered by reason of
union’s failure to honor and abide by collective-bargaining agreement);
Service Workers, Local 427, Teamsters (Edward D. Sultan Co.), 223
NLRB 1342 (1976) (Board did not adopt judge’s recommended Order
requiring union to make whole bargaining unit employees for losses
suffered by reason of the union’s 8(b)(3) violations, including its re-
fusal to sign agreed-upon contract and its causing a strike), enfd. 95
LRRM 2985 (9th Cir. 1977).
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Failing and refusing to sign the collective-
bargaining agreement between the Union and Mackroyce
Dismantling, Ltd.
(b) Picketing Mackroyce at any location where it con-
ducts business in order to compel Mackroyce to renego-
tiate the terms of the collective-bargaining agreement.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) On request, execute the collective-bargaining
agreement agreed to by the Union and Mackroyce
Dismantling, Lt
(b) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its business office and meeting hall copies of the attached
notice marked “Appendix.”4 Copies of the notice, on
forms provided by the Regional Director for Region 29,
after being signed by the Respondent’s authorized repre-
sentative, shall be posted by the Respondent and main-
tained for 60 consecutive days in conspicuous places
including all places where notices to employees and
members are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall
be taken to ensure that the notices are not altered, de-
faced, or covered by any other material.
(c) Within 14 days after service by the Region, mail a
copy of the attached notice marked “Appendix” to all of
its members who were employed by Mackroyce Disman-
tling, Ltd. at any of its locations and jobsites since Au-
gust 17, 1997. The notice shall be mailed to the last
known address of each such member after being signed
by the Respondent’s authorized representative.
(d) Sign and return to the Regional Director copies of
the notice for posting by Mackroyce Dismantling, Ltd., if
willing, at all places where notices to employees are cus-
tomarily posted.
(e) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to
comply.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO MEMBERS
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated the National Labor Relations Act and has ordered us to
post and abide by this notice.

4 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
330 NLRB No. 49
DEMOLITION WORKERS LOCAL 95 353
WE WILL NOT fail or refuse to sign the collective-
bargaining agreement agreed to by us and Mackroyce
Dismantling, Ltd.
WE WILL NOT engage in picketing of Mackroyce Dis-
mantling, Ltd. in an effort to compel Mackroyce Disman-
tling, Ltd. to renegotiate the terms of the collective-
bargaining agreement agreed to by us and Mackroyce
Dismantling, Ltd.
WE WILL, on request, execute the collective-bargaining
agreement negotiated and agreed to by us and Mackroyce
Dismantling, Ltd.

DEMOLITION WORKERS UNION LOCAL 95,
AFL–CIO
Richard Bock, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Andrew A. Gorlich, Esq. and Barbara S. Mehlsack, Esq., for the
Respondent.
Irwin M. Echtman, Esq. and David Etkind, Esq., for the Charg-
ing Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
MARGARET M. KERN, Administrative Law Judge. This case
was tried before me on April 21, June 2 and 3, 1998, in Brook-
lyn and New York, New York. The complaint, which issued on
December 31, 1997,1 is based on an unfair labor practice charge
filed by Mackroyce Dismantling, Ltd. (Mackroyce) on October
23 against the Demolition Workers Union Local 95, AFL–CIO
(Respondent or Local 95).
It is alleged that since on or about August 16 Respondent has
failed and refused to execute a collective-bargaining agreement
that was reached between Respondent and the New York City
Demolition Contractors’ Association (the Association) and to
which Mackroyce agreed to be bound. It is further alleged that
on October 21, Respondent engaged in a strike and picketing at
a Mackroyce jobsite in order to compel Mackroyce to renegoti-
ate terms of the agreement previously reached. By these ac-
tions, the General Counsel avers that Respondent violated Sec-
tion 8(b)(3) of the Act. Respondent does not dispute that it has
failed to execute the collective-bargaining agreement and that it
engaged in the strike and picketing. It defends its actions on
the ground that a final, complete agreement was never reached.
Alternatively, Respondent argues that the agreement was nego-
tiated by an agent acting outside the scope of her authority.
Respondent also argues that the agreement is an illegal mem-
bers-only contract and contains an unlawful union-security
clause, both of which provisions render the agreement unen-
forceable.
For the reasons set forth here, I find that Respondent has
unlawfully failed and refused to execute the terms of the
agreed-upon collective-bargaining agreement in violation of
Section 8(b)(3). I further find that Respondent violated Section
8(b)(3) by engaging in a strike and picketing in order to compel
Mackroyce to renegotiate the terms of that agreement.

1 Unless indicated otherwise, all dates referred to here relate to the
year 1997.
On the entire record,2 including my observation of the de-
meanor of the witnesses, and after considering the briefs filed
by the parties, I make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
Respondent admits, and I find, that Mackroyce is an em-
ployer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section
2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
II. LABOR ORGANIZATION STATUS
Respondent admits, and I find, that it is a labor organization
within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
III. ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Background
The Association is composed of construction industry em-
ployers engaged in the demolition business in New York City
and has been in existence for about 20 years. Respondent has
represented employees in this industry for at least the same
period of time. One function of the Association is to negotiate
collective-bargaining agreements on behalf of employers in the
industry with Respondent. The most recent collective-
bargaining agreement was effective July 1, 1993, to June 30,
1997. On February 15, 1995, Peter D’Agostino, president of
Mackroyce, executed the 1993–1997 agreement. This was the
first collective-bargaining agreement between Mackroyce and
Respondent. 3
Christine McKenna became the president and business man-
ager of Respondent in 1993. In April 1996, Respondent affili-
ated with the Laborers International Union of North America
(International) and with its subordinate body, the Mason Ten-
ders District Council of Greater New York (the Mason Ten-
ders). Since January 1994, the Mason Tenders and its constitu-
ent locals have been operating under a consent decree entered
in United States District Court, Southern District of New York
2 At the conclusion of the hearing, errors by the reporting service in
marking exhibits were discovered. The parties agree that Respondent’s
Exhibit (R. Exh. 1) and the General Counsel Exhibit (GC Exh. 7) were
received in evidence. The parties further agree that R. Exh. 27 was
rejected and R. Exh. 40 was withdrawn. By motion dated August 31,
1998, the General Counsel moved to amend the transcript which mo-
tion is received in evidence as GC Exh. 26. By motion dated October
13, 1998, Respondent moved to amend the transcript and opposed in
part the General Counsel’s motion to amend. Respondent’s motion is
received in evidence as R. Exh. 41. To the extent that each of these
motions are unopposed, they are granted. General Counsel’s corrections
#2 and #19 are denied for the reasons set forth in Respondent’s opposi-
tion. General Counsel’s corrections #20 and #27 are granted over Re-
spondent’s objection in that the General Counsel’s amendments reflect
the accurate transcription.
3 A great deal of testimony was adduced on the question of whether
the Association constitutes a multiemployer bargaining association and
whether Mackroyce has ever been a member of the Association. The
General Counsel, however, does not rely on the existence of a mul-
tiemployer bargaining association to establish Respondent’s unfair
labor practices. The General Counsel’s position is that Mackroyce is
entitled to the benefits of the collective-bargaining agreement negoti-
ated between the Association and Respondent by virtue of the “me-too”
agreement, which it signed in mid-July. Respondent concedes this
point in its brief. It is therefore unnecessary to set out in detail all of
the testimony on the multiemployer issue, and I make no finding with
respect to the existence of a multiemployer bargaining association.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 354
(Sweet, J). When Respondent affiliated with the Mason Ten-
ders in 1996, it was bound by the same consent decree. The
International operates under the supervision of the U.S. De-
partment of Justice.
A few months after the affiliation, Richard Ello, a represen-
tative of the International, had a conversation with McKenna
about the 1993–1997 agreement. Ello criticized a number of
provisions that were in the agreement, and criticized the fact
that provisions that should have been in the agreement were not
included. He told her that the wage and benefit rates in the
agreement “were exceedingly substandard,” that the enforce-
ment procedures for collecting fringe benefit contributions were
deficient, and that the contract lacked any limitation on the
number of employees employers could keep in lower paying
job classifications. Ello gave McKenna copies of other con-
tracts in the industry so that she would see what conditions to
insist on in future negotiations.
B. The 1997 Negotiations
By letter dated May 29, Respondent notified Irwin Echtman,
counsel to the Association, that the collective-bargaining
agreement was to expire on June 30 and requested that bargain-
ing commence for a successor agreement. The first negotiating
session took place on June 5. Present for the Association were
Echtman and three employer representatives (not D’Agostino).
Present for Respondent were McKenna, Phil Chillack, vice
president, and Roger Madon, counsel to Respondent. At this
meeting Madon distributed a draft of an agreement and stated,
“this is what we would like.” General conversation followed
and the meeting ended. The following day, Echtman sent Re-
spondent’s proposed agreement to the Association’s members,
including Mackroyce, with a cover letter soliciting comments.
On June 22, Echtman and Madon met in Echtman’s office.
Echtman testified:

We went through the contract paragraph by paragraph
to see as to which paragraphs we had an agreement, which
paragraphs we had a likely agreement, which paragraphs
we had no agreement, which paragraphs would have to be
referred to our respective clients to try to work out.

The next bargaining session took place on June 23 and
Echtman, the Association negotiating committee, Madon, and
McKenna were in attendance. Following the meeting, Echtman
again solicited feedback from Association members and was
advised that the wage and benefits structure was acceptable and
that Echtman was “to try to keep the language of the contract as
close to the prior contract as possible, particularly with respect
to the shop steward.”
At the next meeting on July 8, Echtman advised McKenna
and Madon as follows:

We said that we had an agreement on wages, on con-
tributions, and we had a deal and we still had an open is-
sue with respect to shop stewards and at that meeting
McKenna agreed to utilize the language of the prior
agreement and at that point she said she was going off to a
ratification meeting.

At the conclusion of the July 8 meeting, it was agreed that
Madon would prepare the final written agreement and send it to
Echtman. Echtman testified that there was complete agreement
on all issues by the end of the July 8 meeting. Madon first
testified that by July 8, the parties had reached agreement on
“substantial aspects of the collective-bargaining agreement
having to do with wages and benefits and most of the important
ones. The only thing that was outstanding was the shop stew-
ard clause, which had not yet been codified or resolved on July
8 we definitely came to a final decision as to what the wage
structure and the benefit structure would look like.” Madon
later equivocated in his testimony and stated that it could very
well have been that the shop steward issue was also resolved on
July 8. On the evening of July 8, McKenna presented the terms
of the agreement to her membership and the agreement was
ratified.
The next day, July 9, the employer members of the Associa-
tion received a letter by fax transmission from Respondent
signed by McKenna. The letter stated that the new collective-
bargaining agreement had been ratified by the membership and
that pursuant to the terms of that agreement, the amount of
assessments to be taken out of union members pay was $1 per
hour for every hour worked, retroactive to July 1.
In mid-July, Respondent sent D’Agostino a “me-too” agree-
ment whereby Mackroyce agreed to be bound by the collective-
bargaining agreement negotiated between Respondent and the
Association. Mackroyce was the only employer to whom Re-
spondent submitted a “me-too” agreement. D’Agostino signed
the agreement and returned it to Respondent.
Echtman did not receive the final draft from Madon until
shortly before July 21. According to Echtman, Madon’s draft
required so many corrections that Echtman told Madon, “forget
it Roger, you’ll never get it right, I’ll do it.” Madon testified
that he was very rushed at the time and the errors were inadver-
tent drafting errors, not substantive changes.
By letter dated July 28, Echtman sent Madon a final draft.
About a week later, Madon told Echtman that he had “a couple
of minor changes” and asked Echtman to incorporate those
changes and to re-draft the final agreement. This was done and
by letter dated August 11, Echtman wrote to Madon:

Enclosed please find a copy of what should be the final
draft of the collective-bargaining agreement. I do not be-
lieve there remain any open issues. Please let my office
know whether the enclosed draft is satisfactory in form. If
it is, I will circulate it among the members of the New
York City Demolition Contractors’ Association for signa-
ture. We will then seek the Union’s counter-signature.

After he sent the final draft to Madon, Echtman left for an
overseas vacation. On August 14, Madon sent a letter by fax
transmission to Echtman complaining that the final draft did not
include a provision, previously agreed to by the parties, giving
Respondent the right to withdraw its members from a jobsite
for failure of an employer to remit dues. Madon also spoke to
Etkind by telephone. Etkind contacted Echtman and Echtman
said that Madon was correct, that it was an inadvertent omis-
sion on his part, and that the language should be added. Etkind
inserted the provision as section 30(d) of the agreement. Ma-
don’s testimony conforms to Echtman’s and Etkind’s on this
point. With the insertion of section 30(d), there was, according
to Echtman and Madon, a final written agreement which re-
flected the full agreement of the parties.
Etkind testified that on August 20 he received a very brisk
phone call from Madon demanding to know what was happen-
ing and where the signed contracts were. Madon testified that
he placed that call at McKenna’s prodding, and that Etkind told
him that he thought that the contracts had been sent out or were
about to be sent out for employers’ signatures.
DEMOLITION WORKERS LOCAL 95 355
Madon testified that there was not a doubt in his mind that
the parties reached agreement on all issues prior to August 21,
the date that the International placed Respondent under trustee-
ship, removed McKenna from office and removed Madon as
counsel. Madon admitted, however, that he had previously
made statements to the contrary. Madon admitted that on Au-
gust 22 or 23, he spoke to a group of Respondent’s members
and “gave them the impression that there was no meeting of the
minds and that an agreement had not been reached.” He also
told them that since the agreement had not been signed, it could
not be given effect. By way of explanation, Madon testified
that at the time he made these statements he was representing
the personal interests of McKenna and advancing her political
agenda. “It favored my client. . . . I could defend it. . . . It was
not a position that was so radical that it could not be defended. I
wouldn’t have said it if I felt it was absolutely untrue. It was
certainly defensible. . . . If my client comes to me and says this
is the position I want to take and there is some reasonable posi-
tion that can be defended, I take it.”
C. The Imposition of the Trusteeship
On August 21, Echtman received a telephone call from Et-
kind advising him that the International had imposed a trustee-
ship over Respondent and that both McKenna and Madon had
been removed. Echtman and Etkind discussed how these events
would affect the recently reached agreement. Echtman con-
tacted some of the Association members and it was resolved
that they would “let the dust clear and do nothing.”
On the evening of August 21, Etkind and two members of
the Association’s negotiating team met with Madon, McKenna
and Chillack. It was Etkind’s understanding that Madon no
longer represented Local 95, but was present as the attorney
representing the individual interests of McKenna and Chillak.
Madon stated that he could set up a rival union and that without
signatures on the collective-bargaining agreement, there would
be no contract-bar problem. Madon said he wanted to take the
same exact agreement as had been agreed upon, delete the
name of Local 95 and insert the new, rival union’s name. He
also said that they wanted to transfer money from Respondent’s
employee benefit funds to the new union. Etkind listened and
made no commitments.
On August 22, Madon called Echtman and repeated to him
the substance of what he had said the night before. He told
Echtman that his clients, McKenna and Chillack, were working
to set up another union and they were intending to transfer the
money in the benefit funds. Echtman told Madon in no uncer-
tain terms that his plan should be abandoned and that there was
no way that the employers would permit the funds to be
touched.
On August 23, Echtman, who was still overseas, spoke to
Ello by phone. Ello told Echtman that the trusteeship had been
declared because McKenna had run Local 95 into bankruptcy
while at the same time making representations to the Interna-
tional that the local was fiscally secure. Ello said that the Inter-
national was trying to obtain Respondent’s records but was
having some difficulty because McKenna had apparently re-
moved them. Ello also expressed a fear that McKenna and/or
Madon would attempt to move funds to a new union and Echt-
man assured him that he would not allow that to occur. During
the course of the conversation, Ello told Echtman that he had
learned of the recently negotiated agreement and that he had
“some problems” with it. Specifically, Ello said that the
agreement exceeded the geographical limitations or authority of
Local 95, and further, that it exceeded the work jurisdiction that
had been ceded to Local 95 by the International vis-à-vis the
jurisdiction of the Mason Tenders. Echtman asked Ello if these
two problems were fixed, would the Agreement then be accept-
able. Ello said he had no problem with the rest of the agree-
ment, but that he wasn’t ready to commit to a position at that
time.
D. Mckenna’s Status as an Agent of Local 95
By the terms of Respondent’s bylaws, McKenna, as business
manager, possessed the authority to negotiate, execute and
administer all collective-bargaining agreements. By the terms
of the affiliation agreement with the International, McKenna
expressly retained the same authority:

Local 95’s collective bargaining agreements into which em-
ployers have entered or will enter with Local 95 shall remain
and be in the name of Local 95, only. The Business Manager
has full authority to negotiate any an [sic] all collective bar-
gaining agreements on behalf of Local 95 within its trade ju-
risdiction or jurisdiction outside the International and that Lo-
cal 95 shall be the sole signatory on all such collective bar-
gaining agreements.

Echtman testified that prior to August 22, he never received any
indication from anyone that McKenna did not represent Re-
spondent or was limited in her authority. Madon testified that
during the entire course of the negotiations, up until the imposi-
tion of the trusteeship on August 21, he understood that
McKenna had the authority to bind Respondent.
Ello testified that because the International and Respondent
were operating under a consent decree, Respondent was obli-
gated to include certain provisions in the collective-bargaining
agreement it reached with the Association. Ello further testi-
fied that he informed McKenna of this obligation on a number
of occasions. He told her that the agreement had to contain
specific provisions relating to hiring halls, shop stewards, and
employer contributions to the Union’s training fund. Each time
Ello gave McKenna these instructions, McKenna agreed that
she would abide by them. None of these provisions, however,
were included in the final agreement. Ello acknowledged that
there are occasions when the International participates in col-
lective-bargaining negotiations between a local union and em-
ployers, but that did not occur in this case because he relied on
McKenna’s representations that she was complying with his
instructions. Ello was aware that from June through August,
McKenna was negotiating with Echtman, and he was specifi-
cally aware that draft agreements were being circulated in July.
He admitted, however, that at no time prior to August 21 did he
notify Echtman, or any other employer representative, that the
International was revoking McKenna’s authority to negotiate
on behalf of Respondent or that her authority was in any way
limited.
Ello characterized McKenna’s behavior as erratic and
strange in the summer months of 1997. At times, she would
speak with him very frequently, and then he would not hear
from her for several weeks. In June, McKenna threatened Ello
that if the International did not give Local 95 a loan, she would
negotiate a contract with employers which would exceed the
jurisdiction of Local 95 and impinge on the jurisdiction of the
Mason Tenders. On June 17, McKenna filed a petition for
bankruptcy for the local which Ello did not find out about until
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 356
early August. When Ello asked McKenna in July for copies of
the draft agreements being circulated, she refused. Even more
disturbing, Ello testified that members of Local 95 and other
witnesses were giving sworn statements that cocaine parties
were being held in Respondent’s offices. He was aware that
the Department of Labor had a Local 95 field representative
serving as a confidential informant. The day after the trustee-
ship was imposed, the field representative’s body was discov-
ered at a construction site with a gunshot wound to the head. In
the words of Ello, “[I]t was a very dangerous situation . . . it
was horrible—it was a nightmare.” I asked Ello if he was
aware of the allegations of drug use and criminality in June and
July 1997 and he acknowledged he was aware of these activi-
ties in July.
E. Mackroyce Executes the Agreement
Mackroyce and nine member employers of the Association
executed the final draft of the agreement on or about August
25.4 Thereafter, Echtman met with Ello and asked him whether
he would go along with the previously agreed to and executed
agreement. Ello told Echtman that he would have to discuss it
with Andrew Gorlich, new counsel for Respondent. At a meet-
ing between Echtman and Gorlich on September 18, Gorlich
gave Echtman a 26-page proposed collective-bargaining
agreement that was radically different from the one previously
negotiated. Echtman glanced quickly at it and said: “Andrew,
I’m sorry, I’m not renegotiating an agreement, we have an
agreement already.”
Since D’Agostino executed the agreement, he has been noti-
fying Respondent whenever Mackroyce starts a new job and
has been paying his employees the wage rates as specified in
the agreement. In addition he has been making fringe benefit
contributions which have been accepted by Respondent.
F. Picketing at a Mackroyce Jobsite
In August, Mackroyce obtained a subcontract to perform
demolition work at the United States Tennis Center in Queens,
New York. On October 21, Respondent picketed Mackroyce at
the site, other trades refused to cross the picket line and the
work stopped. Shortly thereafter, D’Agostino met with Ello
who told him that the agreement was not valid and in order for
the picketing to end, he would have to sign a different contract
with Respondent. D’Agostino told Ello that he already had a
contract with Respondent.
G. Relevant Portions of the Agreement
Article 1(a) of the agreement provides:

The Employer recognizes the Union as the only union repre-
senting barmen, barmen’s assistants, helpers and working
foremen employed on all work covered by this Agreement,
and agrees to deal collectively only with this Union for and on
behalf of these employees on all of its work sites.

Article 1(b) of the agreement provides:

Membership in the Union shall be required as a condition of
employment in accordance with and subject to the restrictions
now contained in the National Labor Relations Act, or any
further amendments thereto.

4 The agreement which Mackroyce executed, and which is alleged
by the General Counsel to be final agreement of the parties, is in evi-
dence as G.C. Exh. 6.
Article 3(a) of the agreement provides in relevant part:

After a Helper, while working for any signatory Company,
acquires two (2) years of continuous membership in good
standing in the Union, the Company in which he is currently
working shall transfer him to a Barmen’s Assistant at the rate
then in effect.

Article 24 of the agreement provides:

If any provisions of this Agreement shall be held or declared
to be illegal or of no legal effect, said provision shall be
deemed null and void without affecting the obligations of the
parties under the remaining terms of this Agreement.
IV. ANALYSIS
A. Credibility
I credit the testimony of Echtman and Etkind without hesita-
tion. Both were forthright and direct, and their testimony was
consistent with the documentary evidence presented. Madon,
on the other hand, was far less impressive. Notwithstanding his
explanation, the fact is that he made material misrepresenta-
tions regarding the status of negotiations to members of Local
95 because it was expedient to do so at the time and advanced
not only his clients’ interests, but his interests as well. Where
there is a conflict in their testimony, I credit Echtman and Et-
kind over Madon. Ello was generally a credible witness but his
recollection of specific conversations was not as precise as
Echtman’s recollection. Where there is a conflict in their testi-
mony, I credit Echtman over Ello. McKenna was not called by
either side as she could not be located at the time of the hear-
ing. I decline to draw an adverse inference against any party for
her failure to appear.
B. The 8(f) or 9(a) Relationship
It is the position of both the General Counsel and Respon-
dent that the collective-bargaining relationship between Re-
spondent and the Association and between Respondent and
Mackroyce is governed by Section 8(f) of the Act. The Asso-
ciation, as intervenor, argues that these are 9(a) relationships.
The Association’s argument is without merit.
By the terms of the 1993–1997 collective-bargaining agree-
ment, Respondent is recognized as the “only” union represent-
ing employees on each employer’s worksites. The same lan-
guage appears in the new agreement. There is no statement of
exclusive majority status. Nor is there any evidence that Re-
spondent ever made a claim of majority status, either of the
employees employed by Mackroyce, or amongst the employees
of all the members of the Association. Madon was asked if he
knew of any occasion when McKenna went to employers with
authorization cards and claimed majority status and Madon said
knew of no such demand.
In John Deklewa & Sons, 282 NLRB 1375 (1987), the Board
determined that there is a presumption of an 8(f) status for em-
ployers in the construction industry, and the burden of proof is
on the party asserting the existence of a 9(a) relationship. Id. at
1385 fn. 41. More recently, in Oklahoma Installation Co., 325
NLRB 741 (1998), the Board stated: “In several decisions sub-
sequent to Deklewa, the Board has explained that a union may
prove the existence of a 9(a) relationship by submitting positive
evidence that it unequivocally demanded recognition as the
employees’ 9(a) representative and that the employer un-
equivocally accepted it as such.” There is absolutely no evi-
DEMOLITION WORKERS LOCAL 95 357
dence of any such request by Respondent or the acceptance of
any such request either by Mackroyce or by the Association.
This is clearly an 8(f) relationship and I so find.
C. Meeting of the Minds
Echtman’s credible testimony establishes that by the conclu-
sion of the July 8 meeting, full and complete agreement had
been reached on all issues. Echtman’s testimony is also cor-
roborated by the documentary evidence. On July 9, McKenna’s
faxed a letter to the employer members of the Association stat-
ing that the “new collective bargaining agreement” had been
ratified by the membership, and notifying them of a new as-
sessment established by the agreement. The only evidence to
the contrary is the equivocal testimony of Madon that after the
July 8 meeting it is possible that there was a remaining issue
with respect to shop steward language. For the reasons previ-
ously discussed, I credit Echtman’s testimony over that of Ma-
don’s, and I find that the shop steward issue was resolved on
July 8 as were all other issues. After July 8, the parties had
difficulty properly committing the agreed-to terms to writing.
There is no evidence that the inability to produce a final written
agreement from July 8 to August 14, however, was as a result
of disagreement on substantive issues. Rather, the evidence
establishes that the reason for the multiple drafts sent back and
forth between Echtman and Madon was inadvertent drafting
errors by both sides.
The obligation of the parties to sign a written agreement en-
compassing the terms agreed to during collective bargaining
has long been recognized. H. J. Heinz Co. v. NLRB, 311 U.S.
514 (1941). The ultimate question in these cases is, of course,
whether there was a meeting of the minds on all material terms
of the contract, and the burden of proof on this issue rests with
the General Counsel. Teamsters Local 287 (Read & Graham),
272 NLRB 348 (1984). I find the General Counsel has convinc-
ingly satisfied that burden and that there was a meeting of the
minds on all material terms on July 8. That there was a delay in
accurately reducing those terms to writing due to drafting errors
does not relieve Respondent from its obligation to execute the
agreement once it was in final agreed-upon form.
D. Agency Status of McKenna
Respondent further defends its refusal to sign the agreement
on the ground that even if there was an agreement prior to Au-
gust 21, McKenna was acting ultra vires of her authority in
reaching that agreement. The essence of Respondent’s argu-
ment is that McKenna’s authority to negotiate with the Associa-
tion was circumscribed by the consent decree and the supervi-
sion by the Department of Justice, and that by her failure to
comply with the instructions given to her by Ello, McKenna
was acting outside the scope of her authority. I find this argu-
ment to be wholly without merit.
1. McKenna’s actual authority
Local 95’s bylaws and the affiliation agreement granted to
McKenna full and complete authority to negotiate collective-
bargaining agreements in its behalf. Contrary to Respondent’s
assertions, there is nothing in Ello’s testimony from which to
conclude that the consent decree or the Department of Justice
supervision abrogated that authority. It may well be that
McKenna was supposed to try to negotiate into the Association
agreement the provisions Ello specified, and it goes without
saying that even if she had tried, the Association may not have
agreed to the terms. But there is no evidence that the agree-
ment that she did reach, which did not contain those provisions,
is considered void in any respect. There was no requirement
that the agreement be submitted to either the court or to the
Department of Justice for approval.
I find it significant that Respondent did not seek to introduce
the consent decree into evidence, the provisions of which pre-
sumably would support its argument. I further find it signifi-
cant that since the imposition of the trusteeship on August 21,
there is no evidence that the district court has found either the
International or Respondent in violation of the consent decree
and no evidence that the court has voided the collective-
bargaining agreement in whole or in part. The same observa-
tions can be made with respect to the Department of Justice.
The Board regularly finds elected or appointed officials of an
organization to be agents of that organization. Although the
holding of elective office does not mandate a finding of agency
per se, it is persuasive and substantial evidence that will be
decisive in the absence of compelling contrary evidence. Mine
Workers Local 1058 (Beth Energy Corp.), 299 NLRB 389
(1990). I find no compelling contrary evidence here.
2. McKenna’s apparent authority
In addition to her actual authority, McKenna had apparent
authority to act on behalf of Respondent. McKenna was the
president and business manager of Respondent and held herself
out as Respondent’s agent. The testimony of Echtman on this
point is particularly apt:

She very clearly conveyed that she was acting for the
union. In the course of dealings that I’ve had with Chris-
tine McKenna beginning around the beginning of 1993,
she was “it.” Anybody else that might have been there
with her whether it be Phil Chillack or sometimes John
Miller, whoever it was was clearly subservient to Chris
McKenna. It wasn’t the question of equals. She was the
only equal.

Agency may be established under the doctrine of apparent
authority when the principal's manifestations to a third party
supply a reasonable basis for the third party to believe that the
principal has authorized the alleged agent to do the acts in ques-
tion. Either the principal must intend to cause the third person
to believe that the agent is authorized to act for him, or the
principal should realize that the manifestation is likely to create
such a belief. Allegany Aggregates, 311 NLRB 1165 (1993).
McKenna was held out as the agent of Respondent and at no
time prior to August 21 did Ello or anyone else on behalf of
Respondent do anything to alter that perception. It was far too
late for Respondent to allege that McKenna did not have the
authority to negotiate on its behalf after the negotiations were
concluded and an agreement reached. As stated by the trial
examiner in Aptos Seascape Corp., 194 NLRB 540, 544
(1971):

Stated otherwise, an agent appointed to negotiate a collective
bargaining contract is deemed to have apparent authority to
bind his principal in the absence of notice to the contrary. . . .
The rule, which imposes no hardship on the principal, is dic-
tated by the statutory policy of promoting industrial peace by
encouraging collective bargaining. Clearly, the statutory pol-
icy would be thwarted by permitting a principal, after his
agent has reached agreement, to state for the first time that the
latter’s authority was limited.

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 358
Ello had ample reason to be suspicious of McKenna and her
motives, and for reasons best known to himself, made no at-
tempt to remove McKenna from her position of authority prior
to her reaching a final agreement with the Association.
McKenna had specifically threatened Ello that if he did not
approve a loan of money to Local 95, she would negotiate a
collective-bargaining agreement which would infringe on the
Mason Tenders jurisdiction. Ello did not act on the threat. Ello
knew that McKenna was behaving erratically, that there were
allegations of open drug use in Respondent’s offices and that
the local had been surreptitiously placed in bankruptcy. Yet he
testified that he nevertheless continued to rely on McKenna’s
representations that she was complying with his instructions.
This testimony is simply not believable. I find that Ello knew
that McKenna was virtually out of control and could not be
relied upon to follow any kind of instruction. Knowing this, he
could have participated in the negotiations himself as a repre-
sentative of the International, but again, for reasons unknown,
chose not to. Nor did Ello make any effort to warn or notify
Echtman, D’Agostino or any other employer involved in these
negotiations that there were restrictions on McKenna’s author-
ity.
Based on all of the circumstances, I find that McKenna had
both actual and apparent authority to negotiate on behalf of
Respondent prior to August 21, and to bind Respondent to the
agreement which resulted from those negotiations.
E. Illegal Contractual Provisions
In its answer, the Respondent avers that the agreement
reached is a members-only contract and therefore unenforce-
able. In its brief, Respondent further argues that the agreement
contains an illegal union-security clause and is unenforceable
on that ground as well.
Neither article 1(b) nor article 3(a) of the agreement relied on
by Respondent establish a members-only contract. Nor was
any evidence adduced that the contract was enforced only for
the members of Respondent. I therefore find Respondent’s first
argument without merit.
With respect to the issue of an illegal union-security clause,
it is true that article 1(b) does not affirmatively provide for the
7-day grace period for employees to become members of the
union. Respondent’s argument that this fact renders the entire
agreement unenforceable fails for a number of reasons that
were set forth succinctly by the Board in Liberty Cleaners, 227
NLRB 1296 fn. 2 (1977). Citing NLRB v. Rockaway News
Supply Co., 345 U.S. 71 (1953), the Board stated:

We reject Respondent’s contention that the illegal un-
ion-security clause contained in art. II, par. A, of the col-
lective bargaining agreement voids the entire contract. The
provision reads in relevant part: “The Employer agrees to
employ only members of the Union in good standing . . . .”
We find in agreement with the Administrative Law Judge,
that Respondent willingly agreed to the inclusion of the
clause in the contract, and Respondent did not claim to the
Union that the invalid clause was a basis of its refusal to
continue honoring the contract, and we note that the con-
tract contains a saving and separability clause.

Although Liberty Cleaners involved an employer as the re-
spondent, the rationale applies equally in this case where the
same three factors are present. First, Respondent willingly
agreed to article 1(b) of the agreement, which, parenthetically,
is the same exact union-security clause as was contained in the
1993–1997 agreement. Second, prior to the pleadings in this
case, Respondent never raised the illegality of the union-
security clause as the reason for its failure to sign the agree-
ment. Finally, there is a severability clause in the agreement.
Respondent may not rely on the existence of an illegal union-
security clause, which it negotiated, to evade its obligation to
execute the entire agreement.
This has been a case of shifting defenses from the outset. On
August 23, Ello told Echtman that the only problem he had
with the agreement was that it exceeded the geographical limi-
tations and work jurisdiction of Local 95, a claim which Re-
spondent now appears to have abandoned. Ello specifically
told Echtman that he had no problem with the rest of the
agreement. There was no mention that the parties had not
reached a full agreement, no mention of McKenna acting ultra
vires, no mention of a consent decree, no mention that the
agreement was a members-only contract and no mention of an
illegal union-security clause. These defenses amount to little
more than after-the-fact excuses interposed by the posttrusteed
Respondent in an effort to avoid being held to the bargain
struck by the pretrusteed Respondent. None of them have
merit, the agreement is enforceable and Respondent must sign
it. By failing and refusing to sign it, I find Respondent has
violated Section 8(b)(3) of the Act.
F. The Picketing
The uncontradicted credible testimony establishes that on
about October 21, the Respondent picketed the Mackroyce job
site at the United States Tennis Center in Queens, New York in
order to compel Mackroyce to renegotiate and sign a different
contract with the Respondent. I find this conduct violated Sec-
tion 8(b)(3) of the Act.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Mackroyce is an employer engaged in commerce within
the meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
2. Respondent is a labor organization within the meaning of
Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. Since on or about August 16, 1997, Respondent has vio-
lated Section 8(b)(3) of the Act by failing and refusing to exe-
cute the collective-bargaining agreement between Respondent
and Mackroyce.
4. On or about October 21, 1997, Respondent violated Sec-
tion 8(b)(3) of the Act by picketing a Mackroyce jobsite in
order to force Mackroyce to renegotiate the terms of the collec-
tive-bargaining agreement previously agreed to by Respondent.
5. The unfair labor practices engaged in by Respondent af-
fect commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of
the Act.
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in certain un-
fair labor practices, I find that it must be ordered to cease and
desist and take certain affirmative action designed to effectuate
the policies of the Act. Respondent shall, on request, execute
the collective bargaining agreement with Mackroyce Disman-
tling, Ltd.5 Respondent shall make whole those employees of
Mackroyce Dismantling, Ltd. covered by the collective-
bargaining agreement for any loss of earnings and other bene-
fits suffered by them as a result of Respondent’s unlawful fail-

5 This agreement is G.C. Exh. 6.
DEMOLITION WORKERS LOCAL 95 359
ure and refusal to execute the collective-bargaining agreement
since August 16, 1997, plus interest as computed in New Hori-
zons for the Retarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987). Respondent
shall further make whole all employees of Mackroyce Disman-
tling, Ltd. for any loss of earnings and other benefits suffered
by them as a result of Respondent’s unlawful picketing at the
United States Tennis Center in Queens, New York, on October
21, 1997, plus interest as computed in New Horizons for the
Retarded, supra.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]