Danite Sign Company

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Mar 31, 2011

356 N.L.R.B. 975 (N.L.R.B. 2011)

DANITE SIGN CO.
356 NLRB No. 124
975
DaNite Holdings, Ltd. d/b/a DaNite Sign Company
and Sheet Metal Workers International Associa-
tion Local Union No. 24 and International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local Union
No. 683. Cases 9–CA–45500, 9–CA–45501, 9–
CA–45508, 9–CA–45526, and 9–CA–45565
March 31, 2011
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN LIEBMAN AND MEMBERS PEARCE
AND HAYES
On August 9, 2010, Administrative Law Judge Arthur
J. Amchan issued the attached decision. The Respondent
filed exceptions and a supporting brief, the General
Counsel filed an answering brief, and the Respondent
filed a reply brief. Additionally, the General Counsel
filed limited exceptions and a supporting brief, and the
Respondent filed an answering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings,1 and conclusions, to

1 Having adopted the judge’s finding that the Respondent violated
Sec. 8(a)(1) by promulgating a rule that prohibited employees from
discussing their compensation, we find it unnecessary to pass on the
General Counsel’s exception regarding an alleged additional incident of
unlawfully prohibiting employees from discussing their terms and
conditions of employment not addressed by the judge. Such a violation
would be cumulative and would not materially affect the remedy.
We adopt the judge’s finding that the Respondent violated Sec.
8(a)(2) and (1) by forming and operating the moving forward team
(MFT). The essential facts are these: The Respondent, immediately
following its unlawful withdrawal of recognition from the Union,
formed the MFT to consult with the Respondent on various issues,
including terms and conditions of employment. The initial employee
members of the MFT were selected by the Respondent because they
were “looked up to around the shop.” The Respondent sought the
MFT’s input on merit wage increases, health insurance, and a survey to
elicit employee sentiment regarding compensation. The Respondent
met with the MFT on three occasions and, as indicated by its initial
announcement, contemplated ongoing meetings. Given those facts, we
find that the judge reasonably inferred that the Respondent intended to
consider consensus employee sentiment, as expressed by the MFT, and
to decide whether to accept or reject it. See Hunter Douglas, Inc. v.
NLRB, 804 F.2d 808, 812–813 (3d Cir. 1986), cert. denied 481 U.S.
1069 (1987) (the Board is entitled to draw “legitimate inferences from
proven facts”). Because the MFT met only three times, the record does
not establish actual back-and-forth dealings between it and the Re-
spondent. Nevertheless, we find that the MFT was unlawful because it
was established, at least in part, for that purpose. See Music Express
East, Inc., 340 NLRB 1063, 1077–1078 (2003) (finding a “chauffeurs
committee” unlawful where, even though the committee met only once
and there was no direct testimony about that meeting, the record as a
whole established that “the committee was set up to ‘deal’ with the
[employer]”). For that reason, as well, we find that the MFT is more
analogous to the employee committees found unlawful in EFCO Corp.,
modify his remedy,2 and to adopt the recommended Or-
der as modified and set forth in full below.3

327 NLRB 372, 375 (1998), enfd. 215 F.3d 1318 (4th Cir. 2000), than
to the employee-suggestion committee found lawful in that case.
Member Hayes disagrees with his colleagues and the judge that the
Respondent violated Sec. 8(a)(2) in operating the Moving forward team
(MFT). A prerequisite to finding such a violation is that the entity in-
volved is a labor organization as defined in Sec. 2(5) of the Act. E. I.
du Pont de Nemours & Co., 311 NLRB 893, 894 (1993). An employee
committee is a labor organization where it exists for the purpose of
“dealing with” employers concerning conditions of work. Id. The
Board has held that “dealing with” ordinarily involves “a pattern or
practice in which a group of employees, over time, makes proposals to
management, management responds to these proposals by acceptance
or rejection by work or deed, and compromise is not required.” Id.
Here, there is no evidence that the Respondent “dealt with” the MFT
because the MFT team members did not make any proposals to man-
agement. At most, the record shows that the employee team members
may have edited some questions for an employee work survey that the
Respondent’s president never completed. See EFCO Corp., 327 NLRB
at 375 (the employee suggestion screening committee was not a labor
organization because it did not formulate proposals or present them to
management). The majority nevertheless finds it reasonable to infer
that the Respondent intended that the purpose of the MFT would be to
deal with the Respondent over statutory terms and conditions of em-
ployment. The Board, however, has found that a committee’s purpose
is shown by examining its actual function. In Polaroid Corp., 329
NLRB 424 (1999), the Board, in explaining the concept of “dealing
with,” stated, “The issue is what the committee actually does.” Similar-
ly, in E. I. du Pont, 311 NLRB at 894, the Board, in defining the limits
of “dealing with” emphasized that “If there are only isolated instances
in which the group makes ad hoc proposals to management
. . . the element of dealing is missing.”) Member Hayes would there-
fore dismiss the 8(a)(2) allegation.
In adopting the judge’s finding that the Respondent violated Sec.
8(a)(5) by withdrawing recognition from the Unions, Member Hayes
does not express any view as to whether Levitz Furniture Co., 333
NLRB 717 (2001), was correctly decided. He finds that, even under
the Board’s pre-Levitz standard, as elucidated by the Supreme Court in
Allentown Mack Sales & Service v. NLRB, 522 U.S. 359 (1998), the
Respondent was not justified in withdrawing recognition from the
Unions, because it has not established that it had a good-faith reasona-
ble doubt (i.e., reasonable uncertainty) as to the Unions’ majority sup-
port.
Member Hayes finds it unnecessary to pass on the judge’s finding
that the Respondent violated Sec. 8(a)(5) by directly dealing with em-
ployee Kim Smith, inasmuch as he believes that such a finding would
be cumulative, and would not materially affect the remedy. Finally, in
agreeing with his colleagues that the Respondent failed to cure its un-
lawful promulgation of a rule that prohibited employees from discuss-
ing their compensation, Member Hayes finds it unnecessary to rely on
Passavant Memorial Area Hospital, 237 NLRB 138 (1978). In his
view, the Respondent’s rescission of the rule, without more, was insuf-
ficient to cure the violation.
2 Backpay owing shall be computed in accordance with Ogle Protec-
tion Service, 183 NLRB 682 (1970), enfd. 444 F.2d 502 (6th Cir.
1971), with interest at the rate prescribed in New Horizons for the Re-
tarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987), compounded daily as prescribed in
Kentucky River Medical Center, 356 NLRB 6 (2010).
In addition, having adopted the judge’s finding that the Respondent
unlawfully failed to remit contributions to the IBEW pension fund, the
Respondent’s make-whole obligations shall include making all such
delinquent fund contributions on employees’ behalf, including any
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 976
AMENDED CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
Append the following to the judge’s Conclusions of
Law.
“Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by promulgating
a rule that prohibited employees from discussing their
compensation.”
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board orders that the
Respondent, DaNite Holdings, Ltd. d/b/a DaNite Sign
Company, Columbus, Ohio, its officers, agents, succes-
sors, and assigns, shall take the following action
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Withdrawing recognition from, and failing and re-
fusing to bargain with, Sheet Metal Workers Internation-
al Association Local Union No. 24 and International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local Union No. 683
(the Unions), as the exclusive representative of the Re-
spondent’s production employees.
(b) Changing the terms and conditions of employment
of any bargaining unit employee without providing the
Unions notice and an opportunity to bargain.
(c) Bypassing the Unions and dealing directly with any
unit employee or group of unit employees concerning
their terms and conditions of employment.
(d) Forming, recognizing, and operating the Moving
Forward Team, or any other dominated successor there-
of, for the purpose of dealing with the Respondent over
employees’ wages, hours, or other terms and conditions
of employment.
(e) Promulgating or maintaining any rule that prohibits
employees from discussing wages, hours, or other terms
and conditions of employment.
(f) In any like or related manner, interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.

additional amounts due the funds in accordance with Merryweather
Optical Co., 240 NLRB 1213, 1216 fn. 7 (1979). The Respondent’s
remedial obligation shall also include reimbursing unit employees for
any contributions they themselves may have made for the maintenance
of that pension fund, as set forth in Kraft Plumbing & Heating, 252
NLRB 891 fn. 2 (1980), enfd. mem. 661 F.2d 940 (9th Cir. 1981), such
amounts, with interest, to be computed in the manner set forth in the
paragraph above.
3 We shall modify the judge’s conclusions of law and substitute a
new Order and notice to conform to the violations found. Our Order
shall also modify the judge’s recommended Order to provide for the
posting of the notice in accord with J. Picini Flooring, 356 NLRB 9
(2010). For the reasons stated in his dissenting opinion in J. Picini
Flooring, Member Hayes would not require electronic distribution of
the notice.
(a) Recognize and, on request, bargain with the Unions
as the exclusive representative of the Respondent’s pro-
duction employees concerning terms and conditions of
employment and, if an understanding is reached, embody
that understanding in a signed agreement.
(b) Upon request of the Unions, rescind any or all
changes to unit employees’ wages, hours, or other terms
and conditions of employment that were made without
providing the Unions notice and an opportunity to bar-
gain.
(c) Make unit employees, including Kim Smith, whole
for any loss of earnings and other benefits suffered as a
result of the Respondent’s unilateral changes to their
wages, hours, or other terms and conditions of employ-
ment, with interest.
(d) Immediately disband the Moving Forward Team.
(e) Rescind the rule that prohibits employees from dis-
cussing wages, hours, or other terms and conditions of
their employment.
(f) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, or such
additional time as the Regional Director may allow for
good cause shown, provide at a reasonable place desig-
nated by the Board or its agents, all payroll records, so-
cial security payment records, timecards, personnel rec-
ords and reports, and all other records, including an elec-
tronic copy of such records if stored in electronic form,
necessary to analyze the amount of backpay due under
the terms of this Order.
(g) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its Columbus, Ohio facility copies of the attached notice
marked “Appendix.”4 Copies of the notice, on forms
provided by the Regional Director for Region 9, after
being signed by the Respondent’s authorized representa-
tive, shall be posted by the Respondent and maintained
for 60 consecutive days in conspicuous places including
all places where notices to employees are customarily
posted. In addition to physical posting of paper notices,
notices shall be distributed electronically, such as by
email, posting on an intranet or an internet site, and/or
other electronic means, if the Respondent customarily
communicates with its employees by such means. Rea-
sonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure
that the notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by
any other material. In the event that, during the penden-
cy of these proceedings, the Respondent has gone out of
business or closed the facility involved in these proceed-
ings, the Respondent shall duplicate and mail, at its own

4 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
DANITE SIGN CO. 977
expense, a copy of the notice to all current employees
and former employees employed by the Respondent at
any time since March 5, 2010.
(h) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to
comply.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey
this notice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on
your behalf
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.

WE WILL NOT unlawfully withdraw recognition from,
or fail and refuse to bargain with, Sheet Metal Workers
International Association Local Union No. 24 and Inter-
national Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local Union
No. 683 (the Unions), as the exclusive representative of
our production employees.
WE WILL NOT change the terms and conditions of em-
ployment of any bargaining unit employee without
providing the Unions notice and an opportunity to bar-
gain.
WE WILL NOT bypass the Unions and deal directly with
our employees regarding wages, hours, and other terms
and conditions of their employment.
WE WILL NOT form, recognize, or operate the Moving
Forward Team, or any other dominated successor there-
of, for the purpose of dealing with us over employees’
wages, hours, or other terms and conditions of employ-
ment.
WE WILL NOT promulgate any rule that prohibits you
from discussing your wages, hours, or other terms and
conditions of your employment.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
guaranteed you by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL recognize and, on request, bargain with the
Unions as the exclusive representative of our production
employees concerning terms and conditions of employ-
ment, and, if an understanding is reached, embody that
understanding in a signed agreement.
WE WILL, upon request of the Unions, rescind any or
all unilateral changes to unit employees’ wages, hours, or
other terms and conditions of employment that were
made without providing the Unions notice and an oppor-
tunity to bargain.
WE WILL make unit employees, including Kim Smith,
whole for any loss of earnings and other benefits suffered
as a result of our unilateral changes to their wages, hours,
and other terms and conditions of employment, with in-
terest.
WE WILL immediately disband the Moving Forward
Team.
WE WILL rescind the rule prohibiting employees from
discussing their compensation.

DANITE HOLDINGS, LTD. D/B/A DANITE SIGN
COMPANY

Eric A. Taylor, Esq., for the General Counsel.
J. Miles Gibson, Esq. (Wiles, Boyle, Burkholder & Bringardner
Co., LPA), of Columbus, Ohio, for the Respondent.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
ARTHUR J. AMCHAN, Administrative Law Judge. This case
was tried in Columbus, Ohio, on June 28–29, 2010. The charg-
es were filed between March 16, and April 14, 2010. The Gen-
eral Counsel issued his complaint on May 5, 2010.
On the entire record, including my observation of the de-
meanor of the witnesses, and after considering the briefs filed
by the General Counsel and Respondent,1 I make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
Respondent, a limited liability corporation, manufactures, in-
stalls, and services commercial signs from its production shop
in Columbus, Ohio. It annually purchases and receives goods
worth in excess of $50,000 directly from points outside the
State of Ohio. Respondent admits and I find that it is an em-
ployer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section
2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act and that the Unions are labor organ-
izations within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
II. ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
DaNite Sign Company has been in business for at least 32
years. Tim McCord, president and owner of DaNite Holdings,
Ltd. purchased the assets of DaNite Sign Company from its

1 I have given no weight to the affidavits of Respondent’s managers
which are cited as evidence in lieu of oral testimony in support of Re-
spondent’s case, or to the General Counsel’s citation to the complaint
as substantive evidence.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 978
previous owner, Cal Lutz, in July 2007. He leases the building
in which Respondent’s shop is located from Lutz.
The charging parties have represented DaNite’s production
employees for decades. The bargaining unit includes shop
personnel who manufacture and repair signs at Respondent’s
facility and outside crew members who install and service Re-
spondent’s signs at customers’ locations.
McCord hired virtually all DaNite’s employees and contin-
ued to employ them pursuant to a June 1, 2004—May 31, 2009
collective-bargaining agreement with the charging parties.
That agreement states that DaNite recognizes the Unions as the
sole and exclusive bargaining agents for its Sheet Metal #287
and IBEW #683 members covered by the agreement, GC Exh.
9, p. 2. (Emphasis added.)2 Respondent’s July 2007 produc-
tion operations handbook, GC Exh. 19, contains identical
recognition language.
The recognition clause in the immediately previous agree-
ment between Respondent and the Unions, for the period June
2000—May 2004, contained identical recognition language,
GC Exh. 20. However, the 2000–2004 agreement contained a
union-security clause which required all production employees
to become members in good standing of the Unions within 90
days of the start of their employment. The 2004–2009 agree-
ment did not have a union security clause and only a minority
of unit members was members of either Union when DaNite
Holdings purchased DaNite Sign’s assets.
Neither Lutz nor McCord signed the 2004–2009 agreement.3
Nevertheless, both complied with most or all of the provisions
of the 2004–2009 agreement with respect to all DaNite’s pro-
duction employees, Tr. 14, 72–73. Both Lutz and McCord
contributed to an IBEW pension fund for those DaNite employ-
ees who were members of the IBEW.
On February 25, 2009, Sheet Metal Workers Local Union
No. 24 informed Respondent that it wished to reopen the col-
lective-bargaining agreement to negotiate a new contract.
McCord and his Production Manager Bruce Tokar met with
Rob Durham, a business representative from Local 24, and
Dennis Mullen, a business representative from Local 683 of the
IBEW, on six occasions between May and November 2009.
On May 20, 2009, the Unions presented a proposed collec-
tive-bargaining agreement to Respondent. It included a provi-
sion requiring employees to join the Union (or pay agency fees)
within 31 days of the effective date, or after 90 days for newly
hired employees. In July 2009, Respondent filed an RM peti-
tion with the Board, seeking a determination whether the Un-
ions represented its employees. The Board rejected this peti-
tion.
In negotiations with the Unions, Tim McCord proposed that
his employee handbook and production and outside crew hand-
book be incorporated into the collective-bargaining agreement.
The Unions presented a proposal to Respondent in November
2009, which incorporated the handbook, but retained the pro-
posed union-security clause. At the bargaining table, union

2 Sheet Metal Workers Local 287 merged with Local 24.
3 The 2000–2004 collective-bargaining agreement was signed by
Lutz in June 2001, GC Exh. 20.
representatives told Respondent that union security was non-
negotiable.
On February 18, 2010, the Unions mailed Respondent anoth-
er proposal. It contained a union-security clause but gave cur-
rent employees 90 days, rather than 30 to join the Unions or
pay agency fees. Respondent did not respond to this proposal.
At the start of the workday, on March 5, 2010, Tim McCord
notified the two union stewards, Kim Smith, for IBEW Local
683, and Ron Pollard for Sheet Metal Workers Local Union 24,
that he was about to convene a meeting for all employees dur-
ing which he was going to announce that he was withdrawing
recognition of the Unions. This meeting started a few minutes
later. All production employees who were at work that day
attended, as well as a few office employees. McCord an-
nounced that he was withdrawing recognition from the Unions,
that he would no longer deduct union dues from the pay of
employees who were members of either union and would no
longer contribute to the IBEW pension plan. He also passed
out a new production and outside crew handbook.
In this handbook, General Counsel Exhibit 3, was a provi-
sion regarding wage increases which stated:

Employee wages are based on agreement between the Em-
ployer and the Employee. Wages are always to be kept con-
fidential and failure to keep wages confidential can lead to
disciplinary action up to and including termination of em-
ployment.

Several weeks later, McCord distributed a revised version of
Respondent’s production and outside crew handbook which
deleted this provision.
At the March 5, 2010 meeting, McCord also announced that
he was forming a new “Moving Forward Team” for consulta-
tion on a variety of issues. Among the topics within the pur-
view of the new Moving Forward Team were benefit options
and ways to improve employees’ work environment (R Exh. 3).
A group also named the Moving Forward Team had met in
late 2007 and early 2008, but had been moribund for over a
year by March 5, 2010. However, there is no indication that the
earlier group concerned itself with the terms and conditions of
employees’ employment.
Tim McCord selected four employees: Ron Pollard, Bob
Chaffin, Ray McDonnel, and Ray Tigner to be on the initial
Moving Forward Team in March 2010. At the first Moving
Forward Team meeting on March 12, McCord told the four that
he selected them because they were looked up to around the
shop. He also told them that he planned to rotate membership
by having the incumbent members select their successors.
The Moving Forward Team met on March 12 and 19, and
April 2, 2010, at Respondent’s shop on company time. DaNite
paid team members for the time spent at these meetings. Re-
spondent contemplated additional sessions but did not conduct
more meetings apparently due in part to the sudden death of
one of its managers.
McCord asked for input from Moving Forward Team mem-
bers as to what factors he should take into account in imple-
menting a merit-based wage increase program. He also asked
team members for input on issues of health insurance and de-
DANITE SIGN CO. 979
vising a survey to be given to all employees regarding compen-
sation.
After the March 5 general meeting at which McCord an-
nounced that he was withdrawing recognition from the Unions,
he held one-on-one meetings with almost all his employees. In
the afternoon of March 5, McCord notified the Sheet Metal
Workers and IBEW business representatives that he had with-
drawn recognition of their unions as the joint collective-
bargaining representatives of his production employees.
Changes to the Terms and Conditions
of the Employment of Kim Smith
Kim Smith, who was the IBEW’s steward, has worked for
DaNite for 25 years. At least in recent years, his principal re-
sponsibly has been the manufacture and repair of neon signs.
Use of neon in the sign industry has diminished markedly in the
last several years due to the advent of LED lighting.
On March 17, 2010, McCord gave a memorandum to Smith.
In the memo, he offered Smith three options: work as a part-
time employee, work as an independent contractor or resigna-
tion. A few days later, Smith returned the memo with a nota-
tion that he wanted to maintain the status quo. On March 26,
McCord informed Smith that he would be a regular part-time
employee effective March 29. His initial schedule was Tues-
day, Thursday, and Friday with a minimum of 4 hours a day.
Smith’s hourly rate was increased from $17.88 to $19 per hour
until June 2, when it changed to $19 per hour for neon work
and $14 per hour for nonneon work.
Pursuant to Smith’s new terms of employment as a regular
part-time employee his entitlement to all fringe benefits, such
as health insurance and vacation pay ceased.
Union Membership Amongst Respondent’s
Bargaining Unit Employees
In justifying its withdrawal of recognition from the Unions,
Respondent relies solely on the fact that a minority of its bar-
gaining unit members were dues paying members of either the
IBEW or Sheet Metal Workers Union. In May 2009, there
were seven unit members who paid dues to one union or the
other. Kim Smith, Dennis Debo, and Glen Mitchell were dues
paying members of IBEW Local 683. Jim Reed, George
Payne, John Hamilton, and Ron Pollard were dues paying
members of the Sheet Metal Workers Local No. 24. All were
still employed by Respondent and were still dues-paying mem-
bers of their union on March 5, 2010. In addition, two union
members, Bill Wheeler and Debbie Stacey, who were laid off
in May 2009, had recall rights under the collective-bargaining
agreement until May 2010.
As of May 18, 2009, the following seven unit members were
not paying dues to either union: Andy Gerhardt, Bob Chaffin,
James Buechner, John Buck, Ray McDonnel, Ray Tigner, and
Ryan Zimmerman. Two laid-off employees, Floyd Thompson
and Mike Ream, with recall rights until May 2010, also were
not dues-paying members of either union.
Between May 18, 2009, and March 5, 2010, Respondent
hired several other employees: Ernie Seymour, Greg Woods,
Brian (or Ron) Fisher, Josh Eckelson, Aaron Pauley, Noah
Brown, and an employee whose first name is Sean. There is no
evidence as to when each of these individuals was hired and
there is some question as to whether Eckelson, Pauley, Brown,
and Sean had completed their 90-day probation period as set
forth in the 2004–2009 collective-bargaining agreement by
March 5, 2010.4 I find the evidence to be inconclusive on this
issue. Brown worked 3 days a week and it is unclear how long
Sean worked for Respondent. He was no longer Respondent’s
employee on June 29, 2010.
Analysis
Respondent was a Successor Employer to the Previous Owners
of DaNite Sign Company and Succeeded to the Collective-
Bargaining Obligations of the Prior Owners,
Which Encompassed the Unions’ Representation of
All its Production Employees
An employer, which buys or otherwise takes control of the
unionized business of another employer, succeeds to the collec-
tive-bargaining obligation of the seller if it is a successor em-
ployer. For it to be a successor employer, the similarities be-
tween the two operations must manifest a “substantial continui-
ty between the enterprises” and a majority of its employees in
an appropriate bargaining unit must be former bargaining unit
employees of the predecessor. The bargaining obligation of a
successor employer begins when it has hired a “substantial and
representative complement” of its work force. NLRB v. Burns
Security Services, 406 U.S. 272 (1972); Fall River Dyeing
Corp. v. NLRB, 482 U.S. 27 (1987), affg. 775 F.2d 425 (1st Cir.
1985).
DaNite Holdings continued the operations of DaNite Sign
Company in July 2007 with the same employees, identical
business operations and no change in the terms and conditions
of the employment of its production employees. Thus, it was a
successor employer to DaNite Sign Company and had a bar-
gaining obligation with the collective-bargaining representative
of its production employees.
Respondent, in its brief, contends that the Unions only repre-
sented production employees who were members of the Un-
ions. If the unit consisted only of union members, Respondent
was obviously not privileged to withdraw recognition since the
Unions represented 100 percent of the unit. However, the lan-
guage in the recognition clauses of the collective-bargaining
agreement and the production handbook is not controlling. In
granting wage increases, vacation time, etc., Respondent drew
no distinction between union members and other production
employees.
Respondent granted de facto recognition to the Unions as
bargaining representative of all its production employees. It
did so by applying the terms of the 2004–2009 agreement to all
production employees and by bargaining with the Unions in
2009 as bargaining representative of all its production employ-
ees, Capitol Theatre, Capital Rock, 231 NLRB 1370, 1375–
1376 (1977); Destileria Serralles, 289 NLRB 51, 57–58 (1988),
enfd. 882 F.2d 19 (lst Cir. 1989). Respondent tacitly acknowl-
edged that the Union represented all its production employees
in its response to the Unions’ information request at the start of

4 Eckelson worked for Respondent through a temporary employment
agency and then was hired directly by DaNite. There is no evidence as
to when either of these events took place.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 980
bargaining in May 2009 (GC Exh. 17). It provided the Unions
information about all its production employees, not just those
who belonged to the Unions. Furthermore, in its RM petition
of July 9, 2009, Respondent essentially conceded that the Un-
ions represented all its production employees. It identified the
Unions as the recognized or certified bargaining agent of a
bargaining unit composed of 17 of its production employees
(GC Exh. 2).
Respondent Did Not Legally Withdraw Recognition
from the Unions
All the 8(a)(5) issues in this case turn on whether or not Re-
spondent was lawfully entitled to withdraw recognition from
the unions on March 5, 2010. The controlling Board precedent
in this regard is Levitz Furniture Co. of the Pacific, 333 NLRB
717 (2001).
In Levitz Furniture, the Board overruled its longstanding rule
set forth in Celanese Corp., 95 NLRB 664 (1951), and held that
an employer may unilaterally withdraw recognition from an
incumbent union only where the union has actually lost the
support of the majority of bargaining unit employees. An em-
ployer can no longer lawfully withdraw recognition from an
incumbent union on the basis a good-faith doubt as to the un-
ion’s majority status. Under the Levitz Furniture rule an em-
ployer defending against an 8(a)(5) and (1) allegation for refus-
ing to bargain with an incumbent union must show that the
incumbent union actually lost the support of a majority of bar-
gaining unit employees.
The Board has held for over 40 years that, “there is no neces-
sary correlation between membership and the number of union
supporters since no one could know many employees who fa-
vor union bargaining do not become or remain members there
of,” Terrell Machine Co., 173 NLRB 1480, 1481 (1969). The
reasons as to why there is no such correlation was explained by
Administrative Law Judge Fannie Boyls (then called a trial
examiner) in Gulfmont Hotel Co., 147 NLRB 997 (1964), enfd.
362 F.2d 588 (5th Cir. 1966), at pp. 1000–1001:

Employees for various reasons unconnected with their desire
to have a union represent them, may fail to execute check off
authorizations. There may be some who prefer, as a matter of
principle, to pay their financial obligations in person; there
may be others who prefer to decide when and if they can af-
ford to spare the money for dues and fees; and there may even
be some who are willing to vote for and accept union repre-
sentation but who decide to be free riders and enjoy the ex-
pected benefits of representation without paying for them at
all. Accordingly, although the voluntary signing of check off
authorization by a majority in the unit may be considered as
evidence of a union’s majority status, the converse is not true
. . . .

The Board also disregards turnover in the bargaining unit. It
adheres to a presumption that newly hired employees support
the union in the same proportion as the employees they have
replaced, Levitz Furniture, at p. 728 fn. 60.
There are two court of appeals’ decisions taking the Board to
task for ignoring evidence of a decline in the number of em-
ployees authorizing dues check-off. Both cases, Tri-State
Health Service, 374 F.3d 347 (5th Cir. 2004), and McDonald
Partners, Inc. v. NLRB, 331 NLRB 1002 (D.C. Cir. 2003), were
decided pursuant to the rule in Celanese, not the rule in Levitz
Furniture. Both courts applied the Celanese rule in light of the
decision of the United States Supreme Court in Allentown
Mack, 522 U.S. 359 (1998), holding that under the Celanese
rule an employer need only substantiate uncertainty as to
whether the union had majority support.
These cases have no bearing on the instant case in which Re-
spondent must establish that the unions actually lacked majority
support. Respondent has nothing to rely on in the instant case
other than the absolute number of employees authorizing
check-off compared to the number of employees in the bargain-
ing unit. This is simply not enough to satisfy the Levitz Furni-
ture test for a valid withdrawal of recognition.
Moreover, in both cases the record established sharp declines
in the number of employees authorizing dues check-off. In Tri-
State Health there was additional circumstantial evidence sup-
porting the employer’s uncertainty as to majority status. For
example there wasn’t any union steward for the bargaining unit.
In the instant case, by way of contrast, both unions had stew-
ards and the number of employees authorizing dues check-off
remained static. None of Respondent’s employees either re-
signed from their union or terminated his or her dues check-off
authorization between May 2009, when Respondent began
bargaining for a successor contract and March 5, 2010 when it
withdrew recognition. The only factor that changed was that
Respondent hired additional employees. One cannot assume in
the absence of other evidence that any of the new unit employ-
ees did not support the Union.5 Given this fact and the fact that
one cannot assume that any of the nonmembers no longer
wished to the have the unions represent them, Respondent has
not met its burden under Levitz Furniture.
Since Respondent was not entitled to withdraw recognition
from the Unions, it follows that it violated Section 8(a)(5) and
(1) by reconstituting the Moving Forward Team in order to deal
directly with its employees and bypass their collective-
bargaining representative. An employer whose employees are
represented by a statutory collective-bargaining representative
may not bypass this representative and bargain or deal directly
or indirectly with bargaining unit employees, Excel Fire Pro-
tection Co., 308 NLRB 241 (1992).
Similarly, when employees are represented, their employer
cannot change their wage rates, hours of work, or other terms
and conditions of employment without giving their collective-
bargaining representative notice of the proposed changes and
an opportunity to bargain over such changes, United Refining
Co., 327 NLRB 795 (1999). Thus, Respondent’s unilateral
change to the hours and wage rate of Kim Smith violated Sec-
tion 8(a)(5) and (1).

5 McCord testified that two employees told him that they were feel-
ing pressure to sign a union authorization card, Tr. 233–234. There is
no evidence as to when these conversations occurred, or under what
circumstances. Even assuming the truth of this hearsay assertion, it
proves nothing as to whether these two employees wanted to continue
to be represented by the unions.
DANITE SIGN CO. 981
Respondent Also Violated Section 8(a)(2) by Dealing
With the Moving Forward Team
The Board conducts a two-pronged inquiry to determine
whether a violation of Section 8(a)(2) has occurred. First, it
determines whether an employee group is a “labor organiza-
tion” within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act. Second, if
the organization is a “labor organization,” the Board determines
whether the employer dominated, interfered with or supported
the “labor organization,” Polaroid Corp., 329 NLRB 424
(1999).
As to the second criteria, I conclude that Respondent clearly
dominated the Moving Forward Team. Tim McCord selected
the members, scheduled the meetings, and set the agenda for
the Moving Forward Team deliberations. McCord’s explana-
tion to team members as to why they were selected indicates
that he intended the team to represent his entire production
work force in its discussions with him.
Under the statutory definition set forth in Section 2(5), the
organization at issue is a labor organization if (1) employees
participate, (2) the organization exists, at least in part, for the
purpose of ‘‘dealing with’’ employers, and (3) these dealings
concern ‘‘conditions of work’’ or concern other statutory sub-
jects, such as grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, or
hours of employment.
There is no question that employees participated in the Mov-
ing Forward Team and that team meetings concerned statutory
subjects such as wages. The closer question is whether the
Moving Forward Team exists or existed in part for the purpose
of “dealing with” Respondent.
The Board has explained that “dealing with” contemplates a
bilateral mechanism involving proposals from the employee
committee concerning statutory subjects coupled with real or
apparent consideration of those proposals by management. The
Board in Polaroid stated further that the bilateral mechanism
ordinarily entails a pattern or practice in which an employee
group makes proposals to management over time, and man-
agement responds to those proposals.
In the instant case, since the Moving Forward Team met so
few times, there has been no pattern or practice of this employ-
ee group dealing with Respondent. However, the Team was
established for this purpose and Respondent has indicated an
intention to hold meetings of the Moving Forward Team in the
future. From the testimony in the record, I conclude that it was
Respondent’s intention to obtain a consensus from the Moving
Forward Team as to employee sentiment on such issues as in-
centive pay and fringes.
I also infer that it was Respondent’s intention to consider
employee sentiment as expressed by the Moving Forward Team
and to decide whether to abide by it. There is certainly no indi-
cation that McCord intended to cede his authority to set em-
ployees’ terms and conditions of employment to the Moving
Forward Team. On this basis I find that Respondent violated
Section 8(a)(2) in forming (or reestablishing) and operating the
Moving Forward Team beginning in March 2010.
Respondent Violated the Act in Threatening Employees
With Discipline if They Discussed Their Wages
An employer’s rule which prohibits employees from discuss-
ing their compensation is unlawful on its face, Freund Baking
Co., 336 NLRB 847 (2001). I infer that Respondent realized
this when it issued a revised production and outside crew hand-
book deleting its unlawful rule.
In Passavant Memorial Area Hospital, 237 NLRB 138
(1978), the Board set forth its criteria for curing past unfair
labor practices. However, in Claremont Resort & Spa, 344
NLRB 832 (2005), two of the three Board members stated that
they “do not necessarily endorse all the elements of
Passavant.” In any event, by its terms the Passavant decision
indicates that what an employer must do to cure a violation may
depend on the nature of the violation. The Passavant case con-
cerned a threat, which was communicated to 30–40 employees,
that they would be fired if they engaged in an economic strike.
In such a case, the Board found that repudiation must be (1)
timely, (2) unambiguous, (3) specific to the coercive conduct,
and (4) free from other prescribed illegal conduct.
I find that Respondent did not cure its violation of Section
8(a)(1) by simply issuing a revised production and outside crew
handbook that deleted the prohibition against discussing wages.
In order to cure its violation, Respondent would have been
obligated, at a minimum, to clarify for its employees that they
have a Section 7 right to discuss wages. Moreover, the revoca-
tion of the overly broad rule in this case was not free from other
illegal conduct. Respondent continued to illegally withhold
recognition from the Unions and continued to make unilateral
changes in the working conditions of employees and continued
to deal directly with unit employees.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Respondent, DaNite Holdings, Ltd. violated Section
8(a)(5) and (1) of the Act by withdrawing recognition of the
Unions as exclusive collective-bargaining representation of its
production employees; by ceasing its contributions to the
IBEW pension fund; by unilaterally reducing the hours of em-
ployee Kim Smith and changing his wage rate; by directly deal-
ing with Kim Smith and bypassing the unions with regard to
Smith’s hours of work and other terms and conditions of his
employment.
2. Respondent also violated Section 8(a)(5) and (1) by reviv-
ing the Moving Forward Team in order to deal directly with its
employees and bypass their collective-bargaining representa-
tive.
3. Respondent violated Section 8(a)(2) of the Act in reinsti-
tuting and operating the Moving Forward Team.
4. Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by promulgating a
rule that prohibited employees from discussing their compensa-
tion.
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in certain un-
fair labor practices, I find that it must be ordered to cease and
desist and to take certain affirmative action designed to effectu-
ate the policies of the Act.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]
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