Ablon Poultry & Egg Co.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Nov 29, 1961

134 N.L.R.B. 827 (N.L.R.B. 1961)

ABLON POULTRY & EGG COMPANY 827
Ablon Poultry & Egg Company and Amalgamated Meat Cutters
& Butcher Workmen of North America , AFL-CIO, Local
No. 540
Ablon Poultry & Egg Company and Dallas General Drivers,
Warehousemen and Helpers Local Union No. 745 and Amal-
gamated Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of North America,
AFL-CIO, Local No. 540, Joint Petitioners . Cases Nos. 16-CA-
1444 and 16-RC-2783. November 29, 1961.
DECISION AND ORDER
On April 17,1961, Trial Examiner John H. Dorsey issued his Inter-
mediate Report in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that Re-
spondent had not engaged in and was not engaging in unfair labor
practices and recommending that the complaint be dismissed and the
objections to the election be overruled, as set forth in the Intermediate
Report attached hereto. Thereafter the General Counsel filed ex-
ceptions to the Intermediate Report and a supporting brief.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3(b) of the Act, the Board
has delegated its powers in connection with this case to a three-
member panel [Chairman McCulloch and Members Rodgers and
Leedom].
The Board has reviewed the rulings of the Trial Examiner made at
the hearing and, except as noted below,' finds that no prejudicial error
At the hearing, the General Counsel offered in evidence a letter dated January 12,
1961, from Respondent 's counsel to the Regional Director explaining the reasons for
Middlebrook's discharge . The letter stated:
With reference to the discharge of Ruby Lee Middlebrook , it may be noted that
poultry is sent into the plant by truck and that some of the trucks are delayed and
the employees sometimes have to wait until the delivery of the truck . About a week
previous to the election this occurred , and Ruby Lee Middlebrook, as the trucks were
coming in and being unloaded , carried off a number of employees in her car with the
statement that if the employees had to wait on the company the company could wait
on the employees , thereby causing a delay in the line and a great expense to the
employer. This was a willful walkout on her part , which she engineered , and which
cost the company extra money . The officials of the company did not know this until
the day of her discharge . On such day each employee was asked to get her card
from the time clock so the time could be punched on it for a speech the employer
was going to make so the employees would lose no time and would be paid for their
time. She refused to get her card and then went to the meeting and while the
employer was talking used the phone in the same portion of the premises where the
speech was being made and generally conducted herself in an arbitrary manner.
She also at the time of the discharge threatened to kill the supervisor. For these
reasons and because her work had become bad , she was discharged
The above letter was written after Respondent had been informed by the Regional Director
of the filing of the Union 's unfair labor practice charges and of objections to the elec-
tion. It, is well , settled that the admissions of an attorney in the management of litiga-
tion are admissible against the client. 4 Wigmore , Evidence , sees. 1063, 1078 (3d ed.
1940 ) , N.L It B. v. Pacsfic Intermountain Express Company , et al., 228 F . 2d 170, 175
(CA 8), cert. denied 351 U.S. 952. Moreover , this letter was written after Respondent
had received notice of the filing of the unfair labor practice charges . The Lummus
Company, 101 NLRB 1628 , 1629 , enfd . as modified 210 F . 2d 377 , 379 (C .A. 5). Accord-
ingly, we overrule the Trial Examiner and receive the letter into evidence as General
Counsel 's Exhibit No. 3.
134 NLRB No. 79.
828 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
was committed. The rulings are hereby affirmed . The Board has con-
sidered the entire record in the case , including the Intermediate Re-
port, and the exceptions and brief , and finds merit in the General
Counsel's exceptions. Accordingly, the Board adopts the findings of
the Trial Examiner only to the extent consistent with the following:
The Trial Examiner disposed of the case on a theory not seriously
argued by the General Counsel and ignored the real theory urged by
the General Counsel. The Trial Examiner treated the allegation that
Respondent had discriminatorily discharged Ruby Lee Middlebrook
as if it involved nothing-more than the typical case of a discharge for
engaging in union activities. Since he found that Respondent was un-
aware of Middlebrook 's organizing activities in behalf of the Union
at the time of the discharge ,- the Trial Examiner concluded that the
discharge did not constitute a violation of Section 8(a) (3) and (1) of
the Act. However, the principal theory urged by the General Counsel,
as is evidenced by his brief to the Trial Examiner reiterated in his
brief to the Board, was that Middlebrook had been discharged for
leading a walkout of employees to protest working conditions, that
the walkout was a protected concerted activity, and that, therefore, the
discharge for engaging in such walkout was a violation of Section
8 (a)- (3) and (1) of the Act.
The facts with respect to the discharge of Middlebrook are as
follows:
Those of Respondent 's employees who are involved in this proceed-
ing are engaged in processing poultry. They report for work at 7 a.m.,
but do not punch in and begin to receive pay until the poultry is on the
line ready for processing . The commencement of operations depends
upon when trucks bringing poultry to the plant arrive. There are
times when, because of this factor, the start of processing is delayed
for as much as an hour or two. Employees receive no compensation
for this waiting time.
One day in the first part of December 1960, Middlebrook arrived for
work at 6:30 a.m. She waited almost 2 hours for processing to begin
to no avail. At 8:30 a .m. Respondent's vice president told Middle-
brook and other employees that the poultry was late and would not
arrive until 9:30 a.m., which meant that employees would have to wait
for approximately 21/2 hours without pay before they could begin
working. The employees thereupon decided that they would go to a
cafe in town because they were tired of their payless waiting. They
also agreed to Middlebrook's suggestion that they remain at the cafe
until 10:30 a.m. and that if any one of them was discharged they
would all quit. Middlebrook then drove two carloads of employees to
the cafe . When the poultry was received at the plant at 9:30 a.m.,
Respondent discovered that the poultry processors were absent and
sent another employee to the cafe to recall them. Respondent suffered
some loss as the result of delay in the commencement of processing.
ABLON POULTRY & VEGG COMPANY, 829
On December 14, 1960, Respondent called the employees together
to listen to an antiunion speech. Each employee was told to pick up
his or her own timecard before coming to the meeting. Middlebrook
did not pick up her card. In the past' when employees had been
assembled for a meeting on company time, one employee usually had
picked up the timecards'for four or five employees.
Respondent discharged Middlebrook after .the meeting of Decem-
ber 14. It assigns three reasons for the discharge : (1) failure to pick
up the timecard; (2) deterioration in her work which had begun in
September 1960; and (3) -leadership in the walkout 2 weeks previously
which had resulted in some spoilage because of delay in processing.
As to the first reason, Middlebrook's supervisor testified that this
was the first and only occasion that employees had been instructed to
pick up their own timecards before attending a company meeting.
Under the circumstances, this would hardly seem such a serious dere-
liction as to justify a discharge.
As to the second reason, Middlebrook was engaged together with
three other girls in cleaning chicken gizzards. Government inspectors
had complained,that the gizzards were, still dirty after processing.
However, all four girls were responsible for the faulty cleaning; it
could not be attributed only to Middlebrook. None of the other
girls, equally responsible with Middlebrook for the defective work, has
been discharged.
As to the third reason, we find that it was unlawful. Middlebrook's
leadership of employees in leaving the plant when informed that the
poultry would be late in arriving was in protest of the requirement
for unpaid waiting time. It was, thus a walkout or strike in protest
against'existing working conditions. As such it.was concerted activity
protected by the Act and Respondent could not lawfully discharge her
for engaging therein 2 General Counsel's Exhibit No. 3, the letter
from Respondent's counsel to the Board, and testimony of Respondent
at the hearing indicate that Respondent was aware of the circum-
stances of the walkout :as well as Middlebrook's role therein and that
this was one of the reasons for her discharge.'
Accordingly, we find that by discharging Middlebrook, Respondent
violated Section 8(a) (3) and (1) of the Act.
Case No. 16-RC-2783
On December 16, 1960, a representation election was held among
the employees of the Respondent in which Dallas General Drivers,
2 Solo Cup Company, 114 NLRB 121, enfd . 237 F. 2d 521 (CA. 8 ) ; ' Gullett Gin Com-
pany, Inc. v. N . L R B., 179 F. 2d 499 (CA. 5), enfg. as modified 83 NLRB 1 , reversed
and remanded on other grounds, 340 U.S. 361.
3 The fact that there may have been other reasons for discharging her which were law-
ful does not make the discharge any the less unlawful : N.L.R.B. v. Jamestown Sterling
Corp., 211 F . 2d 725 ( C.A. 2).
830 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Warehousemen and Helpers Local Union No. 745 and Amalgamated
Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of North America, AFL-CIO,
Local No. 540, were Joint-Petitioners. The Joint-Petitioners were
defeated in the election. Thereafter, the Joint-Petitioners filed timely
objections to conduct affecting the results of the election, alleging in
part that Ruby Middlebrook, a known union leader, had been dis-
criminatorily discharged just 2 days before the election. As we have
found above that: Respondent did discriminate in the discharge of
Ruby Middlebrook in violation of Section 8(a) (3) and (1) of the
Act, we also find that the election in Case No. 16-RC-2783 should be
set aside and that a new election should be conducted by the Regional
Director for the Sixteenth Region at such time as he deems the cir-
cumstances permit the free choice of a bargaining representative.
The Effect of the Unfair Labor Practices on Commerce
The activities of the Respondent set forth above have a close, inti-
mate, and substantial relation to trade, traffic, and commerce among
the several States, and tend to lead to labor disputes burdening and
obstructing commerce and the free flow of commerce.
The Remedy
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in unfair labor
practices , we shall order it to cease and desist therefrom and to take
certain affirmative action designed to effectuate the policies of the Act.
The General Counsel stated at the hearing that he was not seeking
reinstatement and backpay for Ruby Middlebrook as she had for-
feited these rights through her subsequent activity . Accordingly, we
shall not order her reinstated to her previous position and we shall
not direct that backpay be awarded her.
Upon ' the basis of the foregoing findings of fact, and upon the
entire record in the case , the Board makes the following :
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Ablon Poultry & Egg Company is engaged in commerce within
the meaning of Section 2 (6) and (7) of the Act.
2. Amalgamated Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of North
America, AFL-CIO, Local No. 540, and Dallas General Drivers,
Warehousemen and Helpers Local Union No. 745 are labor organiza-
tions within the meaning of Section 2 (5) of the Act.
3. By discriminating in regard to the hire and tenure of employ-
ment of Ruby Lee Middlebrook, Respondent has engaged in and is
engaging in unfair labor practices within the meaning of Section
8(a) (3) and (1) of the Act.
4. By interfering with, restraining, and coercing its employees in
the exericse of the rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act, Re-
ABLON POULTRY & EGG COMPANY 831
spondent has engaged in and is engaging in unfair labor practices
within the meaning of Section 8 (a) (1) of the Act.
5. The aforesaid unfair labor practices are unfair labor practices
within the meaning of Section 2 ( 6) and (7) of the Act.
ORDER
Upon the entire record in this-case , and pursuant to Section 10(c)
of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended , the National Labor
Relations Board hereby orders that the Respondent , Ablon Poultry
& Egg Company , Dallas, Texas , its officers , agents, successors, and
assigns, shall :
1. Cease and desist from :
(a) Discouraging membership in Amalgamated Meat Cutters &
Butcher Workmen of North America , AFL-CIO, Local . No. 540, or
any other labor organization of its employees , by discharging, em-
ployees or otherwise discriminating in regard to their hire or tenure
of employment , or any term or condition of employment.
(b) In any other manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing
its employees in the exercise of the right to self-organization , to form,
join, or assist any labor organization , to bargain collectively through
representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other con-
certed activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other
mutual aid or protection , or to refrain from any or all of such
activities.
2. Take the following affirmative action which the Board finds will
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Post at its office and plant in Dallas , Texas , copies of the notice
attached hereto marked "Appendix ." 4 Copies of said notice, to be
furnished by the Regional Director for the Sixteenth Region, shall,
after being duly signed by Respondent 's authorized representative,
be posted by Respondent immediately upon receipt thereof, and be
maintained by it for 60 consecutive days thereafter, in conspicuous
places , including all places where notices to employees are customarily
posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by Respondent to insure that
said notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material.
(b) Notify the Regional Director for the Sixteenth Region, in
writing, within 10 days from the date of this Order , what steps
Respondent has taken to comply herewith.
IT IS HEREBY FURTHER ORDERED that the election held on December 16,
1960, among Respondent 's production and maintenance employees be,
and it hereby is , set aside and that Case No. 16-RC-2783 be, a nd it
hereby is, remanded to the Regional Director for the Sixteenth Region
* In the event that this Order is enforced by a decree of a United States Court of
Appeals, there shall be substituted for the words "Pursuant to a Decision and Order" the
words "Pursuant to a Decree of the United States Court of Appeals , Enforcing an Order."
832 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
for the purpose of conducting a new election at such time as he deems
the circumstances permit the free choice of a bargaining representa-
tive.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO ALL EMPLOYEES
Pursuant to a Decision and Order of the National Labor Relations
Board and in order to effectuate the policies of the National Labor Re-
lations Act, as amended, we hereby notify you that :
WE WILL NOT discourage membership in Amalgamated Meat
Cutters & Butcher Workmen of North America, AFL-CIO, Local
No. 540, or in any other labor organization of our employees, by
discharging our employees or otherwise discriminating in regard
to their hire or tenure of employment or any term or condition of
employment.
WE WILL NOT in any other manner interfere with, restrain,
or coerce • our employees in the exercise of the right to self-
organization, to form, join, or assist the above-named or any other
labor organization, to bargain collectively through representatives
of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities
for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or
protection, or to refrain from any or all such activities.
ABLON POULTRY & EGG COMPANY,
Employer.
Dated---------------- By-------------------------------------
(Representative) (Title)
This notice must remain posted for 60 days from the date hereof,
and must not be altered, defaced, or covered by any other material.
INTERMEDIATE REPORT AND RECOMMENDED ORDER
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
In Case No. 16-CA-1444, upon charges filed on December 23, 1960,1 by Amal-
gamated Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of North America, AFL-CIO, Local
No. 540, herein called the Union, the General Counsel for the National Labor
Relations Board, herein called the General Counsel, caused a complaint to issue on
February 3, 1961, alleging that Ablon Poultry & Egg Company, herein called the
Respondent, had engaged in unfair labor practices within the meaning of Section
8(a)(3) and (1) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, herein called
the Act. Respondent filed its answer. denying it had violated the Act as alleged in
the complaint.
In Case No. 16-RC-2783, pursuant to a Decision and Direction of Election issued
by the Board, an election was conducted on December 16 among the employees
of Respondent in a unit found by the Board to be appropriate. Thereafter, on'or
about December 21, the Joint-Petitioners, of which the Union was one, filed objec-
tions to conduct affecting the result of the election. On February 8, 1961, the Re-
gional Director, after investigation, issued his report on objections to election. As to
all objections, except one, he recommended that the objections be overruled. As to
the one, which alleged that "a known Union leader" (Ruby Lee Middlebrook) had
'All dates herein are in the year 1960 unless otherwise indicated.
ABLON POULTRY & EGG COMPANY 833
been discharged just prior to the election, the Regional Director recommended
"that a hearing on objections be held with respect to this allegation and that it be
consolidated with the unfair labor practice charge (Case No. 16-CA-1444) for
purposes of the hearing." On February 23, 1961, the Board issued its order direct-
ing hearing in which it adopted the Regional Director's recommendations.2 There-
after, on February 24, 1961, the Regional Director issued order consolidating cases
for hearing.
Pursuant to notice, the hearing was held before the duly designated Trial
Examiner at Dallas, Texas, on March 16, 1961. Each of the parties was repre-
sented by counsel. The parties were afforded full opportunity to be heard, to intro-
duce relevant evidence, to present oral argument, and to.file briefs. Each of the
parties waived oral argument; each filed briefs.
The issue in both cases is whether Respondent discharged Ruby Lee Middle-
brook in violation of Section 8 (a) (3) and (1) of the Act.
Upon consideration of the entire record, the briefs, and upon observation of
the witnesses, I make the following findings and conclusions:
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. THE BUSINESS OF RESPONDENT
Respondent is, and has been at all times material herein, a corporation duly
organized under, and existing by virtue of, the laws of the State of Texas.
At all times material herein Respondent has maintained its principal office and
place of business at 2411 Ferris Street in the city of Dallas, State of Texas, herein
called the plant, and is, and has been at all times material herein, engaged at said
plant and location in the processing, sale, and distribution of poultry products. The
Respondent's plant located at 2411 Ferris Street, Dallas, Texas, is the only plant
involved in this proceeding.
During the past year Respondent in the course and conduct of its business opera-
tions, caused to be processed, sold, and distributed at said plant poultry products
valued in excess of $500,000, of which products valued in excess of $500,000 were
furnished to, among others, Wyatt Food Stores, a division of Kroger Company,
which enterprise annually purchases goods valued in excess of $50,000 directly
from out of the State of Texas.
I find that Respondent is engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section
2(6) and (7) of the Act.
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED
Respondent admits that the Union is a labor organization within the meaning of
Section 2(5) of the Act. I so find.
III. THE DISCHARGE OF RUBY LEE MIDDLEBROOK
Ruby Lee Middlebrook, herein called Middlebrook, was employed by Respondent
in 1951 and worked until the date of her discharge (December 14, 1960); except
that during that period she quit and was not employed for about a year in 1953-54.
Her job was processing giblets.
Middlebrook signed a union card in November 1960. Thereafter, she successfully
solicited 61 of Respondent's employees to sign such cards.
Middlebrook's testimony is lacking in probative value concerning the vital issue
as to whether Respondent, at or before the time of her discharge, had knowledge
of her union activities. The evidence adduced by the General Counsel to prove
this indispensable element of his case was not the best evidence and questionable.
This is all of it: George Schatzki testified that following the election on December
16, 1960, 2 days after the discharge of Middlebrook, he was in one of the Respond-
ent's offices with some seven or eight people and overheard part of a conversation
between Samuel I. Ablon, Respondent's vice president, and Richard Twedell, a
business representative of the Union. According to the witness: "Mr. Twedell
made a statement something to the effect `Well, you knew all along that Ruby
(Middlebrook) was organizing the union over here, didn't you?' and Mr. Ablon
said, `Sure. Sure, I knew it.'" The General Counsel did not call Twedell, the
Union's business representative, as a witness; no reason is found in the record for
failing to do so.
2 No objections to the Regional Director's report on objections to election were filed by
either of Joint-Petitioners.
630849-62-col 134-54
834 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Samuel Ablon admitted having a conversation at the time and place with Twedell.
He denied that he (Ablon ) made the statement attributed to him by the witness,
Schatzki . Further , he testified that he did not know that Middlebrook was an orga -
nizer for the Union at the time he fired her. From this scanty and conflicting
evidence I find that the General Counsel has not proven, by a preponderance of
the testimony , that Respondent had knowledge of Middlebrooks ' union activities.
Consequently , because of failure to prove the indispensable element of knowledge
it will be recommended that the complaint be dismissed .3
IV. THE OBJECTIONS IN CASE NO . 16-RC-2783
The Regional Director in his report on objections to the election found only one
objection merited hearing .4 The Board ordered the hearing and that it be consoli-
dated with Case No. 16-CA-1444.
Concerning the objection , here at issue, the Regional Director concluded and
recommended:
In view of the coercive effect of the discharge of a known Union leader
(Middlebrook) just prior to the election . it is recommended that a hearing
on objections be held with respect to this allegation . . . . [Emphasis supplied.]
Inasmuch as it was not proven that Middlebrook was "known" to Respondent as
a "Union leader" at the time of her discharge , it will be recommended , that this
objection be overruled.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Respondent is engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and
(7) of the Act.
2. The Union is a labor organization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the
Act.
3. Middlebrook was not discharged by Respondent in violation of Section 8(a) (3)
and (1 ) of the Act.
4. Respondent did not interfere with the election in Case No. 16-RC-2783 by
its discharge of Middlebrook 2 days before the election.
[Recommendations omitted from publication.]
3 If the element of knowledge had been proven I would find that Middlebrook was dis-
charged because of her attitude toward her job and superiors and her propensities ; and
not in violation of Section 8(a) (3) and ( 1) of the Act . It is to be noted that at the
opening of the hearing the General Counsel stated that he was not seeking reinstatement
and backpay for Middlebrook "since it's our position she has forfeited these particular
rights through subsequent activity on her part."
4 All other objections were overruled . No exceptions were filed.
National Furniture Manufacturing Company, Inc. and Local
Union No . 215, International Brotherhood of Teamsters,
Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America. Case
No. 25-CA-1336. November 29, 1961
DECISION AND ORDER
On June 9, 1961, Trial Examiner Ramey Donovan issued his Inter-
mediate Report in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that the
Respondent had engaged in and was engaging in certain unfair labor
practices and recommending that it cease and desist therefrom and
take certain affirmative action, as set forth in the Intermediate Report
attached hereto. Thereafter, the Respondent and the General Counsel
filed exceptions to the Intermediate Report and supporting briefs.
134 NLRB No. 84.