A.B.C. Coach Lines, Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Dec 6, 1978

239 N.L.R.B. 607 (N.L.R.B. 1978)

A.B.C. Coach Lines, Inc., and Amalgamated Transit
Union Div. 1492, AFL-CIO. Case 25-CA-9502
December 6, 1978
DECISION AND ORDER
BYN CHAIRMAN FANNING AND MFtMBERS PINELI 10
AND I RUESDAL[I
On September 7, 1978, Administrative Law Judge
John C. Miller issued the attached Decision in this
proceeding. Thereafter, Respondent filed exceptions
and a supporting brief, and the General Counsel filed
a response to Respondent's exceptions.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3(b) of the
National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board has delegated its au-
thority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the record and the at-
tached Decision in light of the exceptions and brief
and has decided to affirm the rulings, findings,' and
conclusions of the Administrative Law Judge and to
adopt his recommended Order.
ORDER
Pursuant to Section 10(c) of the National Labor
Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Re-
lations Board adopts as its Order the recommended
Order of the Administrative Law Judge and hereby
orders that the Respondent, A.B.C. Coach Lines,
Inc., Muncie, Indiana, its officers, agents, successors,
and assigns, shall take the action set forth in the said
recommended Order.
Respondent has excepted to certain credibility findings made by the
Administrative Law Judge. It is the Board's established policy not (to ver-
rule an Administrative Law Judge's resolutions with respect to credibility
unless the clear preponderance of all of the relevant evidence convinces us
that the resolutions are incorrect. Standard Dry Wall Products. Inc, 91
NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362 (3d Cir. 1951). we have carefulls
examined the record and find no basis for reversing his findings.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
JOHN C MILLER. Administrative Law Judge: This case
was heard in Muncie, Indiana, on June 5, 1978, on the
basis of a complaint issued January 23, 1978, alleging that
Respondent interrogated and threatened employees with
discharge if they supported or became members of the
Union and that on December 12, 1977, Respondent dis-
charged employee William L. Jolliffe because of his union
activities.
Upon the entire record in this case, including my obser-
A.B.C. COACH LINES, INC.
vation of the witnesses and their demeanor, I make the
following:
FINDINGS OF FA(-
I JURISDICTION
The Respondent, a bus company, has maintained its
principal office and place of business at Muncie, Indiana.
and has at all times material been engaged in the business
of furnishing intrastate and interstate passenger transpor-
tation services. In the past year, Respondent derived gross
revenues in excess of $50.000 for the transportation of pas-
sengers in interstate commerce. Respondent admits the
above factual allegations, and I therefore find that Respon-
dent is an employer engaged in commerce within the
meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
The Union. Amalgamated Transit Union Div. 1492.
AFL-CIO, is a labor organization within the meaning of
Section 2(5) of the Act.
11. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Issues
(1) Whether Respondent, through its vice president and
general manager, Thomas Kvalo, interrogated employees
about the Union and threatened them with discharge if the
Union came in, in violation of Section 8(aXl) of the Act.
(2) Whether employee William L. Jolliffe was dis-
charged on December 12, 1977, because of two accidents
or because of his activities on behalf of the Union.
As to (1), employee Bryan Cassidy credibly testified that
about October 19, 1977, General Manager Thomas Kvalo
asked him whether anyone had contacted him about the
Union. When Cassidy answered no, Kvalo stated that "if
the Union ever goes in here, there'll be some people out of
jobs" and "I'll [Kvalol be down at the unemployment of-
fice." I cannot credit Kvalo's denial that he made such
comments. Kvalo conceded that he may have said the lat-
ter statement about his being at the unemployment office if
the Union came in. His denial was unimpressive, and his
concession is in part corroborative of Cassidy's testimony.
Accordingly, I find that Kvalo's interrogation of Cassidy
as to whether anyone had contacted him about the Union,
and his implicit threat that employees would be out of jobs
if the Union came in, constitutes unlawful interrogation
and a threat in violation of Section 8(a)(l) of the Act.
As to issue (2), Respondent claims it discharged Jolliffe
because he had two accidents while driving his bus,
whereas Counsel for the General Counsel contends that he
was in fact discharged for his union activities.
In resolving this issue it is necessary to review: the driv-
ing record of employee Joiliffe and the two accidents in
which he was involved, which Respondent contends
prompted his discharge; and the union activities of em-
ployee Jolliffe and whether Respondent was aware of
them.
Thomas Kvalo testified that since January 1, 1975, Mr.
Jolliffe was the only driver discharged for his accident rec-
ord. He further testified that the Company had no written
607
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
rules requiring discharges after so many accidents but that
the nature of the accidents and their frequency were con-
sidered in his evaluation of drivers and that he discharged
Jolliffe on December 12, 1977, because he considered him
an unsafe driver. Specifically, he was discharged because of
his last two accidents. One accident occurred on October 7,
1977, when Jolliffe concededly ran into the back of another
bus of the Company as they were entering a highway from
an exit ramp. The rear of the rammed bus received a small
dent, and the mirror of Mr. Jolliffee's bus was twisted.
There were no personal injuries involved. Jolliffe filed an
accident report with the Company and was advised by
Kvalo to be more careful. Respondent's Exhibit 12 is a bill
for repair of the damaged buses, which amounted to
$106.31.
Another bill, Respondent's Exhibit 11, for $566.23, also
allegedly for repair of damages caused in the same acci-
dent, involved, inter alia, the repair of a cracked rear win-
dow. In rebuttal, Jolliffe credibly testified that the cracked
rear window did not result from his accident and that
therefore its repair was not properly included as damages
caused by him in that rear-end accident. Kvalo conceded
that he did not know whether the window was damaged in
this accident. I credit Jolliffe's testimony in this regard.
The second accident occurred on November 25, 1977,
and resulted when Jolliffe's bus caught the bumper of a
taxicab parked in the bus zone. There were no personal
injuries involved in this accident, and the Company in-
voiced the repair of damage to the bus as $165.75. The
damage to the bumper of the taxi was not listed but was
handled by its insurer.
Kvalo testified that although he saw Jolliffe's accident
report on November 26, 1977, he decided to terminate him
on November 28, 1977. He did not implement the termina-
tion, however, until December 12, 1977. Kvalo testified
that he delayed terminating Jolliffee because the bad win-
ter weather had made them short-handed for part of that
time and some 12 inches of snow were handicapping the
company's operations for a part of that period.
It is undisputed that in his October 31, 1977, paycheck
Jolliffe received an award of $125 from the company for
100,000 miles of safe driving. The award covered a driving
period ending in May or June 1977.
Joliffe testified that he had a brief conversation with Mr.
Kvalo on or about November 21, 1977, shortly after pass-
ing his ICC driver's physical and prior to his November 25,
1977, accident. In that conversation Jolliffe, referring to his
driver's license and the trouble involved in getting a clear
picture, stated that he was good [for driving] for another 2
years. According to Joliffe, whom I credit, Kvalo respond-
ed, "[D]on't be too sure." Cassidy confirmed that Kvalo
made such a statement. Kvalo on rebuttal conceded that
he made a comment to Jolliffe but that it was said in jest
and that according to his version, he merely commented,
"[Waell, nobody is sure of anything."
Kvalo testified credibly that other drivers had been dis-
charged or forced to resign because of bad driving records
prior to January 1, 1975, but that he was not involved in
those decisions and that they occurred before he became
general manager.
Jolliffe credibly testified that he passed out union au-
thorization cards among the drivers and that, although he
had initially passed out union cards in the period from
October 1976 on, renewed interest in bringing in a union
occurred in October 1977, and he passed out more cards
and secured three more signed union cards at that time.
After securing a number of signed union authorization
cards, he mailed them to the Union. The day after his dis-
charge, the Union submitted the cards to the Regional Of-
fice of the National Labor Relations Board, and an elec-
tion was held on or about January 31, 1978, in which the
Union was rejected by a 20-to-9 vote. Two other drivers,
Cassidy and Fluhr, corroborated Jolliffe's testimony about
his union activities, stating that they had secured union
cards from Jolliffe and had signed them and returned them
to him. There is no explicit evidence that Kvalo was aware
of Jolliffe's union activities, although he conceded that it
was common knowledge that there was union activity
going on among the drivers. Kvalo specifically denied any
knowledge of Jolliffe's union activities and reiterated that
Jolliffe was discharged solely because of his bad driving
record and that his last two accidents in October and No-
vember 1977, discussed previously herein, were the precipi-
tating cause of Jolliffe's discharge.
Thus, the crux of the allegedly discriminatory discharge
is simply whether the company was in fact motivated solely
by Jolliffe's accidents or whether the accidents were merely
a pretext for discharging Jolliffe for his union activities.
B. Contentions of Respondent
Respondent contends that Jolliffe was discharged be-
cause he was an unsafe driver, as established by two acci-
dents in which he was at fault, which occurred in October
1977 and on November 25, 1977. The record indicates that
since his employment in February 1976 Jolliffe was in-
volved in five accidents, of which three was deemed to be
his fault. Kvalo indicated that in evaluating a driver's per-
formance Respondent considered only those accidents in
which its driver was at fault. Since his first "at-fault" acci-
dent on March 8, 1976, Jolliffe drove 100,000 accident-
free miles and received an award therefor.
Respondent also points to a decision of the Indiana Em-
ployment Security Division and a decision of an appeals
referee, dated January 31, 1978, upholding an earlier deter-
mination that Joliffe was discharged for just cause because
of his driving record. Further, Respondent points to
Jolliffe's application for unemployment (Resp. Exh. 6), in
which he stated as the reason for his unemployment
"safety record unsatisfactory." In his testimony Jolliffe
stated that he merely entered the reason the company gave
him for discharge. Respondent's Exhibit 7 indicates that
Joliffe did claim that his discharged stemmed from his
union activities.
While the determination of the Indiana Employment Se-
curity Division is a factor to be considered, it is not dispos-
itive of the issue before me. Moreover, the record in this
proceeding contains evidence not adduced before the de-
puty or the Appeals Referee.
608
A.B.C. COACH LINES, INC.
C. Conclusions on the Cause of Discharge
For the reasons detailed hereinafter, I am persuaded that
Jolliffe's union activities were the motivating cause for his
discharge and therefore find that his discharge is in viola-
tion of Section 8(a) 3) and (1) of the Act.
The accidents Jolliffe was involved in October and No-
vember 1977 were minor and resulted in no personal in-
juries. The damages were nominal,' and there was no con-
tention or evidence offered that the insurance carrier
requested the discharge of Jolliffe. Bumping into another
bus of the company and catching the bumper of a parked
taxi are no reasons for commendation, but neither do they
appear to warrant immediate discharge, in view of his prior
award for "accident-free driving" and particularly since
Kvalo gave no warning to Jolliffe that his job was in jeop-
ardy because of his accidents. Moreover, Kvalo delayed
from November 28, 1977, when he stated he made the deci-
sion to terminate Jolliffe, until December 12, 1977, when
the actual termination was made. If, in fact, Jolliffe were
an unsafe or accident-prone driver, letting him continue to
drive in hazardous winter weather seems somewhat illogi-
cal even if they were shorthanded.
Jolliffe had been a driver since February 1976, had com-
pleted a probationary period, and had, in October 1977,
received an award for 100,000 miles of accident-free driv-
ing. The record establishes that Jolliffe was the only em-
ployee engaged in distributing and collecting union author-
ization cards. Cassidy so testified and acknowledged that
he had received a card from Jolliffe and signed a union
card in October 1977. Fluhr, another driver, testified that
he received a union card from Jolliffe in the fall of 1977,
probably in September. As to Kvalo's knowledge of union
activities, he conceded that it was common knowledge,
hearsay, as he termed it, that union activities were going on
at the terminal.
Critical to resolution of the motivation of Jolliffe's dis-
charge is whether Kvalo knew of Jolliffe's union advocacy
and activities. In such a situation, it would be unusual to
have an admission by Kvalo that he knew of Jolliffe's
union activities. Accordingly, a critical point is whether on
the facts presented it can be inferred that Kvalo knew of
Jolliffe's union activities. A number of factors persuade me
that Kvalo did know. First, I have credited testimony that
Kvalo did interrogate employee Cassidy about whether the
Union had contacted him; second, the testimony of Cassi-
dy and Fluhr indicates that Jolliffe was the only individual
who was circulating authorization cards for the Union;
third, Kvalo himself conceded that he told Jolliffe before
the second accident that he wouldn't be too sure whether
Jolliffee would be driving for another 2 years; and fourth,
in a union election held on or about January 31, 1978, the
vote was 20 votes against union representation and 9 for
the Union. Because employee sentiment appears opposed
or hostile to representation, it is highly likely that Kvalo
did learn from other employees of Jolliffe's activities in
circulating and getting union cards signed, since he was the
only employee so involved. Lastly, Kvalo admitted know-
' The Respondent repairs its own buses because the cost of collision in-
surance would be prohibitive.
ing of the union activity going on in the terminal. The
small number of employees involved (approximately 30
employees) increases the likelihood that employees and
Kvalo knew and were aware of Jolliffe's union activities.
Based on the above, I conclude that Kvalo was aware of
Jolliffe's activities on behalf of the Union.
In so finding, I do not intend to usurp management's
right to discipline or discharge its bus drivers if their driv-
ing records or accident records warrant. In the context pre-
sented here, I am simply persuaded that Jolliffe was not
discharged because of the accidents but was in fact dis-
charged because of his active role in organizing on behalf
of the Union.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. By interrogating employee Cassidy about the Union
and stating that employees would lose their jobs if the
Union came in, Respondent, through General Manager
Kvalo, engaged in unfair labor practices within the mean-
ing of Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
2. By discharging employee William L. Jolliffe on or
about December 12, 1977, because of his activities on be-
half of the Union, the Respondent, through General Man-
ager Kvalo, engaged in an unfair labor practice violative of
Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act.
3. The aforesaid unfair labor practices affect commerce
within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
4. The Respondent has not otherwise violated the Act.
THE REMEDY
The recommended Order will require Respondent to
cease and desist from the unfair labor practices found, to
offer reinstatement with backpay and interest thereon to
William L. Jolliffe, and to post a notice to that effect. Jol-
liffe shall be made whole for any loss of earnings he may
have suffered by reason of the discrimination against him
by payment to him of a sum of money equal to that which
he would normally have earned from the date of his dis-
charge until the date he is offered reinstatement by Re-
spondent, less net earnings during such period, in the man-
ner prescribed in F W. Woolworth Company, 90 NLRB
289 (1950), with interest thereon as set forth in Florida Steel
Corporation, 231 NLRB 651 (1977).2
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings of fact, conclu-
sions of law, and the entire record in this proceeding, and
pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act, I hereby issue the
following recommended:
ORDER'
The Respondent, A.B.C. Coach Lines, Inc., Muncie, In-
diana, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall:
2See. generall, Isis Plumhing & Heating Co, 138 NLRB 716 (1962).
In the event no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec 102 .46 of the
Rules and Regulations of the National Labor Rilations Board, the findings,
conclusions, and recommended Order herein shall, as provided In Sec.
102 48 of the Rules and Regulations. be ad"opted b% the Board and become
its findings. conclusions. and Order, and all objections thereto shall be
deemed walsed for all purposes.
609
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
I. Cease and desist from:
(a) Interrogating employees about the Union, or threat-
ening that employees would lose their jobs if the Union
came in.
(b) Discharging employees because of their activities on
behalf of the Union.
(c) In any other manner interfering with, restraining or
coercing employees in the exercise of their rights under
Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to ef-
fectuate the policies of the Act:
(a) Offer William L. Jolliffe immediate and full rein-
statement to his former job or, if such position no longer
exists, to a substantially equivalent position, without preju-
dice to his seniority or other rights and privileges, and
make him whole for such loss of pay as he may have suf-
fered as a result of Respondent's discrimination, with inter-
est in the manner set forth in the section entitled "The
Remedy."
(b) Preserve and, upon request, make available to the
Board or its agents, for examination and copying, all pay-
roll records, social security payment records, timecards,
personnel records and reports, and all other records neces-
sary to analyze the amount of backpay due under the terms
of this recommended Order.
(c) Post at its premises in Muncie, Indiana, copies of the
attached notice marked "Appendix." 4 Copies of said no-
tice, on forms provided by the Regional Director for Re-
gion 25, after being duly signed by Respondent's represen-
tative, shall be posted by Respondent immediately upon
receipt thereof, and be maintained by it for 60 consecutive
days thereafter, in conspicuous places, including all places
where notices to employees are customarily posted. Rea-
sonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to insure
that said notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by
any other material.
(d) Notify the Regional Director for Region 25, in writ-
ing, within 20 days from the date of this Order, what steps
the Respondent has taken to comply herewith.
IT IS F RIRHER ORDERED that the complaint be dismissed
insofar as it alleges unfair labor practices not found herein.
4 In the event that this Order is enforced by a3judgment of a Lnited States
Court of Appeals, the words in the notice reading "Posted by Order of the
National Ltabor Relations Board" shall read "Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Finforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board."
APPENDIX
Nloll( To EMPLOYEES
PostED BY ORDER OF THE
NAIIONAL LABOR RELAI IONs BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
WE WI.L NOT interrogate employees about the Union
or threaten employees with the loss of their jobs if the
Union comes in.
WE WILL NOT discharge employees for circulating or
securing union authorization cards or engaging in any
other activities on behalf of the Union.
WE WILL NOT in any other manner interfere with,
restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their
Section 7 rights.
WE wn.L. offer reinstatement to employee William L.
Jolliffe and make him whole for any loss of earnings
he may have suffered as a result of such discrimina-
tion, with interest.
ABC Co(s11 I.lS. IN(
610