Section 226.14 - Common law trusts, domestic and alien(1)(a) No common law trust organized in this state, and no common law trust formed or organized under or by authority of the laws of any state or foreign jurisdiction, for the purpose of doing business under a declaration of trust which shall have issued to 5 or more persons, or which shall sell or propose to sell beneficial interests, certificates or memberships in the trust, shall transact business, or acquire, hold or dispose of property in this state until the trustees named in the declaration of trust have filed with the department of financial institutions the original declaration of trust, or a true copy of the declaration, and all amendments to the declaration which may be made, verified as having been made by the affidavits of 2 of the signers of each amendment.(b) A copy of the declaration of trust and amendments verified in the manner described in par. (a), and a certificate of the department of financial institutions, showing the date when the declaration was filed and accepted by the department of financial institutions shall, within 30 days of filing and acceptance by the department of financial institutions, be recorded with the register of deeds of the county in which the trust has its principal office or place of business in this state. No common law trust shall transact business in this state until the declaration of trust or verified copy of the declaration is left for record. The register of deeds shall immediately transmit to the department of financial institutions a certificate stating the time when the declaration or verified copy of the declaration was recorded. The register of deeds shall be entitled to the fee specified under s. 59.43(2) (b) for the certificate, to be paid by the person presenting the papers for record. Upon receipt of the register of deed's certificate, the department of financial institutions shall issue to the trustees of the trust a certificate of filing.(2) The principal office or principal place of business of every such trust formed or organized in this state shall be kept and maintained in this state.(3) Every such trust shall pay to the department of financial institutions a filing fee of $50, and $15 for each subsequent amendment, together with a further fee of $1 for each $1,000 of beneficial certificates sold or offered for sale in this state.(4) Every such trust shall file, accompanied by a filing fee of $5, with the department of financial institutions a verified statement on or before each March 31, showing the names and addresses of each of the trustees; the nature of the business transacted during the preceding year; in what states such trust is operating; the amount and number of beneficial certificates sold in this state, or elsewhere; a statement as to the total amount of beneficial certificates outstanding. Any such report not filed before April 1, may be filed only upon payment to the department of financial institutions of the following fees: (a) If filed prior to May 1, $10.(b) If filed thereafter but not later than the following December 31, $15.(c) If said report is not filed before the following January 1, the trust shall not be in good standing. Until it is restored to good standing the department of financial institutions shall not accept for filing any documents respecting such trust except documents incident to its dissolution.(d) The trust may be restored to good standing by delivering to the department of financial institutions a current annual report conforming to the requirements of this section and by paying to the department of financial institutions $10 for each calendar year or part thereof during which the trust has not been in good standing, not exceeding a total of $105.(5) Every such trust shall file with the department of financial institutions the name of a trustee or trustees, if they designate more than one, resident in this state upon whom service may be made for and on behalf of said trust; or if none of such trustees reside in this state, then a statement shall be duly filed by the trustees appointing the department of financial institutions as the agent to accept service of process in this state, which appointment shall continue so long as such trust has any liabilities outstanding in this state.(6) No such trust shall issue any beneficial or participating certificates in excess of the fair net value of the property and assets owned by such trust, nor except in consideration of money or labor, or property, estimated at its true money value, actually received by the trustees, equal to the par value thereof, nor any bonds or other evidences of indebtedness, except for money or for labor, or property, estimated at its true money value, actually received by it, and all beneficial certificates or bonds issued contrary to the provisions of law shall be voidable at the election of the holder or holders thereof.(7) Any such trust may designate the beneficial interests therein as beneficial certificates or shares of beneficial interest in a common law or business trust or voluntary association or a substantially equivalent designation.(8) Every such trust issuing or selling, or offering for sale, beneficial certificates in this state, shall be subject to any applicable restrictions and limitations provided in ch. 551.(9) Every contract made by or on behalf of such trust affecting the personal liability thereof, or relating to property within this state, before it shall have complied with the provisions of this section, shall be wholly void on its behalf, or on behalf of its assigns; but shall be enforceable against such trust, and the trustees named in said declaration of trust shall be individually liable therefor.(10) Every such trust shall be subject to all provisions of law relating to the payment of taxes by general corporations, foreign or domestic, as the case may be.(11) Every such trust shall file and record with the declaration of trust, or a verified copy thereof, a statement in writing of the name or title of such trust and its post-office address, which statements shall be signed by all of the trustees. The name of such trust shall be such as to distinguish it from any other trust, company, or corporation organized under the laws of this state or licensed or permitted to transact business in this state. Such trust may sue and be sued in and under such name or title, and its property may be subjected to payment and discharge of the obligations and liabilities of such trust the same as though it were a corporation. Service of notice or process upon one or more of such trustees, as provided in sub. (5), or upon the duly authorized agent in behalf of said trust, shall be sufficient to bind such trust and of the same effect as though each and all of such trustees had been notified or served.(12)(a) Sections 180.1501(2) and 180.1502 apply to any common law trust formed or organized under or by authority of the laws of any other state or foreign jurisdiction.(b) For the purposes of this subsection, the references in ss. 180.1501(2) and 180.1502 to "certificate of authority" shall include the certificate of filing under sub. (1); references to "this chapter" mean this section; and references to "foreign corporations" mean trusts referred to in par. (a).(c) Subsection (9) shall not apply to trusts referred to in par. (a).1971 c. 84, 98; 1989 a. 303; 1991 a. 316; 1995 a. 27; 1997 a. 35, 254; 2007 a. 196; 2009 a. 98.