N.M. Stat. § 3-36-6

Current through 2024, ch. 69

Section 3-36-6 - Special alternative procedure for the foreclosure of municipal liens by action in rem

A. As used in this section:

(1) "lien" means any unpaid assessment for a street, alley, curb, gutter, storm sewer, sanitary sewer, off-street parking or any other type of municipal special assessment, together with interest and penalties on all of the foregoing and cost in connection therewith, which is a lien on real property duly recorded in the land records of the county;

(2) "court" means the district court of the county in which the land is situate; and

(3) "municipal clerk" means the clerk of the municipality, his deputy, if any, or his designated representative.

B. The provisions of this section shall be applicable only to liens owned by a municipality and shall not:

(1) affect existing remedy or procedure for the enforcement or foreclosure of liens provided for in this chapter or any other law, but the procedure provided herein for foreclosure by action in rem shall be in addition to any other remedies now provided by law for the foreclosure of any municipal lien and shall not be construed as repealing or amending any existing procedure by implication; and

(2) affect pending actions or proceedings, provided, however, that any pending action or proceeding for the enforcement or foreclosure of municipal liens may, at the election of the municipality, be discontinued without prejudice, and a new action may be instituted pursuant to the provisions of this section in respect to any such lien which new action, if instituted within sixty days, shall relate back for purposes of the statute of limitations to the date of the filing of the original action.

C. The district courts shall have jurisdiction of actions authorized by this section.

D. Whenever it shall appear that a lien as defined herein, or any installments thereon, has been due and unpaid and is delinquent after the date said assessment or other legal charge became a lien, the municipality may elect to declare the total amount due and payable and such lien may be foreclosed in the manner provided herein notwithstanding the provisions of any other general or special law. An election to declare the total amount due and payable shall not constitute an acceleration of the payment for the purpose of the statute of limitation and the statute of limitation shall not commence to run until the last installment would normally come due.

(1) The director of finance or other municipal officer designated by the governing body to collect and receive payments due on municipal liens shall, from time to time, submit to the municipal clerk a list of tracts or parcels of land against which the municipality holds a lien and a payment or any installments due thereon have been unpaid and are delinquent. Such list shall contain the legal description of the parcels concerned and may include one or more separate parcels or tracts with the name and address of the owners, and other parties of interest, if known.

(2) The municipal clerk shall then prepare and sign a notice of foreclosure, which will also bear the signature and mailing address of an attorney representing the municipality. The notice shall be substantially in the following form:

"STATE OF NEW MEXICO COUNTY OF .........................

IN THE DISTRICT COURT

NOTICE OF FORECLOSURE OF LIENS BY THE CITY OF ...................................................,

Plaintiff.

By: Action in rem

To: (List the names and addresses, if known, of all parties having an interest in any of the parcels of land to be described below)

Defendants.

A. List all parcels by legal description with name of the title owner and mortgage holder, and other interested parties if known, with the following information as to each parcel:

1. The date such lien was made of record.

2. The legal basis for the lien, such as assessment district and account number.

3. If lien is imposed by an ordinance, the number and the date of the ordinance.

4. The date of the last payment made on such assessment or charges which constitute the lien.

5. A statement that payments on the assessment or charges or any installment of an assessment are delinquent.

6. The total amount due and payable including penalties and interest to date.

7. A statement that the municipality elects to declare the total unpaid balance now due and payable.

B. A statement to the effect all persons and corporations named above and any and all unknown persons who may have an interest in the lands described are hereby notified that the filing of this notice of foreclosure with the clerk of the district court constitutes the complaint and commencement by the city of ............ of an action in the district court of ............ county to foreclose the liens herein described by foreclosure proceedings in rem, and that the filing of a duplicate original of this notice in the office of the county clerk of the county where the land is situate constitutes notice of pendency of the action against each piece or parcel of land herein described to enforce the payment of such liens. This action is brought against the real property only and is to foreclose the liens described in this notice.

C. All interested parties are hereby notified that a copy of this notice is on file in the office of the municipal clerk and is open to public inspection during normal business hours for a period of sixty (60) days from the date this notice was filed with the district court.

D. And take further notice that any person having or claiming to have an interest in any such parcel or parcels and the legal right thereto, may, on or before sixty (60) days from the date of the filing of this notice with the clerk of the district court, by paying to the municipality all amounts due, including interest and penalties due thereon, computed to the date of payment, attorneys' fees and costs, or at the option of the municipality, by paying to the municipality the amount of the unpaid installments thereon, plus all interest and penalties due thereon computed to the date of payment, attorneys' fees and costs, move for dismissal of the foreclosure with or without prejudice, as applicable.

...............................................................

Municipal Clerk

ATTEST:

..........................................

Attorney for the city of .......................

(mailing address)."

(3) Upon the filing of the notice of foreclosure as provided herein the clerk of the district court shall forthwith issue a summons substantially in the following form:

"SUMMONS

Defendants: Greeting:

You are hereby commanded to appear before the Honorable ........., Division ......, the ... Judicial District of the state of New Mexico, sitting within and for the county of ... that being the county in which the notice of foreclosure of liens herein is filed, within sixty (60) days after the date hereof and then and there answer the notice of foreclosure of liens and show cause why the foreclosure should not be granted.

You are further notified that in the event of failure to pay the total amount due, including interest, penalties, attorneys' fees and costs or at the option of the municipality to pay the unpaid installments due together with interest and penalties computed to date, attorneys' fees and costs or to answer by any person having the right to redeem or answer within the time provided, a judgment of foreclosure shall be entered and ownership of said property shall in due course pass to the city of ...... unless redeemed as provided by law.

WITNESS the Honorable ......, district judge of the .... judicial district court of the state of New Mexico, and the seal of the district court of ...... county this ... day of ..., 19 ...

.................................................................

Clerk

(SEAL) ..................................... By: ...............................................................................

Deputy"

E. The original notice of foreclosure prepared in accordance with Subsection D 1 of this section shall be filed with the clerk of the district court, and such notice shall constitute a complaint, a duplicate original of the notice shall be filed with the county clerk which filing shall constitute constructive notice to all purchasers or encumbrancers of the property concerned, of commencement of the foreclosure action in rem. Upon the filing of the notice of foreclosure the municipal clerk shall forthwith cause a copy thereof to be published once each week for two successive weeks in a newspaper published in or having general circulation within the county in which the property affected is located.

F. Within five days after filing the notice of foreclosure as provided herein, the municipal clerk shall cause a copy of such notice and summons to be mailed by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the last known address of each owner, the mortgage holder, lien holder and all other known persons having an interest in any of the property affected thereby as the same appears upon the records of the county clerk, the county assessor or any other source he deems reliable. An affidavit of such mailing shall be filed with the clerk of the district court. In the event the address of the owner or other persons having an interest, is unknown, the municipal clerk shall so state in his affidavit of mailing which shall be filed with the clerk of the district court, and in such event, a copy of the notice of foreclosure, summons and such affidavit shall be posted in the county courthouse of the county where the land is situated.

G. All affidavits of filing, posting, mailing or other acts required herein shall be filed with the clerk of the district court and together with all other documents required herein, constitute and become part of the court record in such foreclosure action.

H. It shall not be necessary for the municipality to plead or prove the various steps, procedures and notices taken prior to the enactment of an ordinance imposing an assessment, or other lawful charges against the lands described in the notice of foreclosure and all such assessments or other lawful charges shall be presumed to be valid. A defendant alleging any jurisdictional defect or invalidity in the assessment or other lawful charge must particularly specify in his answer such defect or invalidity and must affirmatively establish such defense.

I. If an answer is filed and served upon the municipality within the time provided herein the court shall forthwith hear and determine the issues raised. Upon such trial, proof that such assessment or other charges was [were] paid, together with any penalties and interest costs which may have been due or that the property was not legally subject to the assessment or charges, shall constitute a complete defense. If the court finds for the municipality, it shall issue its judgment foreclosing the liens and transferring title in fee simple to the municipality subject only to unpaid ad valorem taxes, other special assessments having a lien on the property which is coequal with the lien for ad valorem taxes, and the right of redemption as hereinafter provided. A certified copy of the judgment shall be filed for a record with the county clerk.

J. If a defendant fails to answer within the time period provided herein, the court shall find such defendant in default and shall thereupon make a final judgment foreclosing the liens and transferring title in fee simple to the municipality subject only to unpaid ad valorem taxes and other special assessments having a lien on the property which is coequal with the lien for ad valorem taxes, and the right of redemption as hereinafter provided.

K. The owner or mortgage holder or other person having an interest, or their assigns, of any parcel of land foreclosed upon under this procedure to satisfy municipal liens, may redeem said parcel any time within one year after the date the judgment of foreclosure is entered by paying to the municipality the total amount due to satisfy the lien, including all interest and penalties, attorneys' fees and other costs, if any, computed to the date of payment.

L. The municipality may at any time prior to final judgment, withdraw any parcel from a proceeding under this section where the liens and other charges have been paid up to date or paid in full or in cases where a parcel was listed on the notice of foreclosure in error, or where the municipality has accepted a deed in lieu of foreclosure.

M. Sale of property foreclosed under this procedure. No real property foreclosed under this procedure shall be sold to satisfy a delinquent assessment until at least fifteen days after the date of judgment or decree of the court within which time the owner, mortgage holder or other parties having an interest in the tract or parcel of land may pay off the judgment or decree and avoid the sale. Thereafter, the municipality may sell the property at public or private sale, subject to the right of redemption, ad valorem taxes and other special assessments having a lien on the property which is coequal with the lien for ad valorem taxes.

NMS § 3-36-6

1953 Comp., § 14-35-6, enacted by Laws 1973, ch. 379, § 1; 1977, ch. 190, § 1.