CHIEF JUSTICE ROVIRA delivered the Opinion of the Court.

A hearing panel of the Supreme Court Grievance Committee unanimously approved the findings of fact of a majority of the hearing board and the recommendation that the respondent be disbarred, be ordered to pay restitution, and be assessed costs. The respondent has filed exceptions to the factual findings and recommendation of the hearing board and panel. After considering the record and the seriousness of the respondent's misconduct, we accept the hearing panel's recommendations, but order that the disbarment be effective on the issuance of this opinion.

I

The assistant disciplinary counsel filed two formal complaints against the respondent. The first, GC 92A-54, contained one count of misconduct, while the second complaint, GC 93A-90, had eleven counts. The two complaints were consolidated into one proceeding before the hearing board. In a fifty-page report, based on the evidence presented at the hearing, the board found that the following facts had been established by clear and convincing evidence.

A

The respondent represented Jeremy and Sandra Stuckey in a civil action against an insurer alleging that the insurer wrongfully failed to pay a claim. The matter was removed to federal district court. Between February 1991 and July 1992, the respondent's misconduct included failing to submit a settlement letter and failing to attend a settlement conference, failing twice to submit proposed pretrial orders and on two occasions failing to appear at scheduled pretrial conferences. The federal magistrate recommended to the district judge that the Stuckey case be dismissed for failure to prosecute. The respondent filed no objections to the magistrate's recommendations and he did not respond to a show cause order involving the defendants' attorney fees and costs. The case was dismissed for failure to prosecute, and the defendants' fees and costs were assessed against the Stuckeys. The respondent failed to pay the fees and costs as ordered, although he did pay a portion of the assessed fees late.

He then filed a substantially identical second civil action in federal district court. The respondent also filed, inexplicably, a motion for summary judgment in the first action, which had been dismissed eight months before. The motion was stricken, and the second complaint was dismissed on the ground that the dismissal of the first case constituted an adjudication on the merits under the federal rules.

The hearing board concluded that the respondent's conduct violated DR 1-102(A)(5) (a lawyer shall not engage in conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice); DR 6-101(A)(2) (a lawyer shall not handle a legal matter entrusted to the lawyer without adequate preparation under the circumstances); DR 6-101(A)(3) (a lawyer shall not neglect a legal matter entrusted to the lawyer); DR 7-101(A)(1) (a lawyer shall not intentionally fail to seek the lawful objectives of the lawyer's client through reasonably available means); DR 7-101(A)(2) (a lawyer shall not intentionally fail to carry out a contract of employment entered into with a client); DR 7-101(A)(3) (a lawyer shall not intentionally prejudice or damage the lawyer's client during the course of the professional relationship); and DR 7-106(C)(5) (in appearing in the lawyer's professional capacity before a tribunal, a lawyer shall not fail to comply with known local customs of courtesy or practice of the bar or a particular tribunal, without giving to opposing counsel timely notice of intent not to comply). The board also determined that the respondent's misconduct in the Stuckey matter was willful because of the respondent's repeated inaction while he was under an obligation to perform mandatory duties. People v. Farrant, 852 P.2d 452, 455 (Colo. 1993).

B

The respondent was retained by Anthony Shapiro in May 1991 to defend him on assault charges pending in Jefferson County District Court. The respondent twice failed to appear for his client's arraignment, and missed the pretrial conference. He did not file any motions in the case, and did not present the affirmative defense of defense of a third person at trial, although the board found that the evidence supported such an affirmative defense. The jury found Shapiro guilty of assault and crime of violence.

The respondent argued for a "probationary structure" in Shapiro's sentence at the sentencing hearing, but the court pointed out that a sentence to the department of corrections was mandatory in Shapiro's case. The court sentenced the respondent's client to eight years in the department of corrections. The respondent then filed an erroneous notice of appeal. The notice of appeal identified the defendant by a completely different and wrong name, contained the heading for the incorrect court appealed from, as well as the wrong date of the defendant's sentencing, and indicated an intent to appeal the conviction and sentence to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, rather than the Colorado Court of Appeals. The district court subsequently granted the respondent's motion to withdraw.

Although Shapiro's motion for post-conviction relief under Crim. P. 35(c) based on ineffective assistance of counsel was denied, the majority of the hearing board found that the respondent's conduct violated DR 6-101(A)(2) (handling a legal matter without adequate preparation), and DR 6-101(A)(3) (neglect of a legal matter).

C

In April 1992, the respondent filed a civil action on behalf of his client, Eugene Robinson, asserting that Robinson had been injured in a slip and fall accident on or near the defendant's place of business. The respondent filed an incomplete disclosure certificate, a response to the defendant's motion for summary judgment which violated C.R.C.P. 56, he failed to appear for a court-ordered settlement conference, and did not submit a pretrial conference statement or a confidential settlement statement. He also arrived an hour late for the deposition of his own client.

The respondent's client had been treated by L. Barton Goldman, M.D., for head and back injuries sustained in the accident. The respondent and the defendant's lawyer agreed to take Dr. Goldman's deposition at the doctor's office. At the time scheduled for the deposition, the defendant's lawyer and the doctor appeared, but someone from the respondent's office called and stated that the respondent was in court and could not appear at the deposition. The deposition was reset, but again, although the defendant's lawyer and Dr. Goldman were present at the scheduled time, someone called from the respondent's office and said that he was detained and would not be able to attend.

Doctor Goldman twice requested payment in the amount of $875 for the canceled depositions, preparation time, and a deposit for testimony at trial, but the respondent ignored the requests and has not paid the doctor.

The Robinson case was eventually dismissed with prejudice based on the respondent's disregard of his discovery obligations, but the district court vacated the dismissal and instead entered an order and a judgment requiring the respondent and his client to pay $1,022.50 in attorney fees to the defendant's lawyer. The district court also barred introduction of Dr. Goldman's testimony at trial. No payments have been made on the judgment.

The hearing board concluded that the respondent's failure to honor his discovery obligations and to pay Dr. Goldman violated DR 1-102(A)(5) (conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice), and DR 6-101(A)(3) (neglect of a legal matter).

D

Doctor Truppo treated a patient for injuries received in an automobile accident. During the course of treatment, problems arose with the patient's insurance coverage. Doctor Truppo hired the respondent in November 1991 to collect medical bills from the patient's insurer. Truppo paid the respondent a $650 retainer on November 15. The respondent failed to deposit the $650, representing unearned attorney fees, and thus client funds, People v. Fritsche, 849 P.2d 31, 32 (Colo. 1993), into a trust account (in fact the respondent did not even have a trust account). He also did not provide an accounting or refund the unearned fees, failed to answer the client's inquiries about the status of the case, took no action on the client's behalf for about one year, and did not promptly return client documents. When Truppo retained a new lawyer, the respondent again failed to provide an accounting, give a refund, or return the client's file upon request. In fact, the respondent provided no tangible services for Dr. Truppo.

As the hearing board determined, the respondent's conduct violated DR 6-101(A)(3) (neglect of a legal matter), DR 7-101(A)(1) (intentional failure to seek the lawful objectives of the client), DR 7-101(A)(2) (intentional failure to carry out a contract of employment), DR 9-102(A) (all funds of clients paid to the lawyer shall be deposited in one or more identifiable interest-bearing depository accounts maintained in the state in which the law office is located), DR 9-102(B)(3) (failure to maintain complete records of client property in the possession of the lawyer and to render appropriate accounts to the client regarding the property), and DR 9-102(B)(4) (a lawyer shall promptly pay or deliver to the client as requested by the client the funds, securities, or other properties in the possession of the lawyer which the client is entitled to receive).

E

The respondent was retained in September 1992 to defend Mary Alyce Pendleton against federal drug charges. The respondent initially received a retainer of $5,000 from the client and her father. Because the matter appeared to be going to trial, however, the respondent collected another $5,000, making a total retainer of $10,000. In justifying his request for the second $5,000, the respondent provided the client with an inaccurate billing statement. When the client was unable to contact the respondent prior to trial, the federal district court appointed another lawyer to represent her. Nevertheless, the respondent declined to provide the client with a refund or an accounting, and he did not turn over the client's file.

Because he did not deposit the unearned retainer into a trust account, the respondent violated DR 9-102(A) (all client funds paid to the lawyer shall be deposited in an identifiable interest-bearing depository account). The respondent's failure to provide an appropriate accounting of the client funds and to return the client's file upon demand also violated DR 9-102(B)(4) (a lawyer shall promptly pay or deliver to the client as requested by the client the funds, securities, or other properties in the possession of the lawyer which the client is entitled to receive). After January 1, 1993, (the effective date of the Rules of Professional Conduct (R.P.C.)), the respondent violated R.P.C. 1.15(b) (a lawyer shall promptly deliver to the client or third person any funds or other property that the client or third person is entitled to receive and, upon request by the client or third person, render a full accounting regarding such property).

F

The respondent represented Arthur L. Cloud in a personal injury action. In connection with this case, the respondent failed to deposit various funds received in settlement of the civil suit into a trust account, contrary to DR 9-102(A). He also failed to provide anything even remotely resembling an accounting of the funds he received and disbursed on behalf of the client, in violation of DR 9-102(B)(3) (failure to maintain complete records of client property in the possession of the lawyer and to render appropriate accounts to the client regarding the property), and DR 9-102(B)(4). As a result of the respondent's practices, $500, once destined for a law firm that had formerly represented Cloud, is missing.

The respondent also signed a statement that he would pay a certain sum to a medical provider creditor of his client out of settlement proceeds, notwithstanding that, at the time he signed the statement, he had no intention of making the payment described, thereby violating DR 1-102(A)(4) (a lawyer shall not engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation).

G

Between December 1991 and late 1992, the respondent handled an insurance matter in which he failed to communicate with the client, and failed to take appropriate action to obtain payment from the insurer, contrary to DR 6-101(A)(3) (neglect of a legal matter).

H

The respondent was hired to defend Lucilious Ward, and his wife, Joann Ciatto, in an action brought against them to collect on a promissory note. In the course of his representation, the respondent failed to file an appropriate answer to the complaint until the court ordered him to do so, he did not ensure that the plaintiff's requests for admissions were answered in a timely manner and did not respond properly to other discovery requests, he failed to file an adequate disclosure certificate, did not inform his clients that summary judgment had been entered against them, and he failed to appear for the first hearing on his former client's (Ciatto's) motion to vacate the judgment against her. The respondent therefore neglected a legal matter entrusted to him, in violation of DR 6-101(A)(3).

I

Denise France hired the respondent in April 1992 to assist her in recovering an automobile which had been repossessed from her, or to get back her purchase money for the automobile, and to pursue other claims against the seller. The respondent did not keep his client properly informed of the progress in the case, he missed office appointments, and he did not contact witnesses provided by the client. In addition, the respondent told France that her case would soon be tried even though he had not even filed a complaint yet. When the matter eventually came to trial, the respondent informed the court that his client had lied to him about pertinent facts in the case, and he moved to dismiss all claims. The court granted the respondent's motion and awarded the defendants $1,113.50 attorney fees against France. The hearing board concluded that the attorney fees assessed against the respondent's client were directly attributable to the respondent's misconduct involving violations of DR 1-102(A)(4) (conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation); DR 6-101(A)(2) (handling a legal matter without adequate preparation); and DR 6-101(A)(3) (neglect of a legal matter).

J

Between June and August 1993, in a criminal case pending in district court in which he represented the defendant, the respondent was late once and one time failed to appear entirely for scheduled court proceedings, twice causing the court to delay resolution of the matter. The respondent's conduct therefore violated R.P.C. 1.3 (neglect of a legal matter), and R.P.C. 8.4(d) (conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice).

II

The hearing panel approved the recommendation of a majority of the hearing board that the respondent be disbarred, and pay restitution and costs. The board considered a number of the American Bar Association's Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions (1991 Supp. 1992) (ABA Standards) in formulating their recommendation. The Standard we find most appropriate is 4.41, which provides that in the absence of mitigating circumstances, disbarment is generally warranted when:

(b) a lawyer knowingly fails to perform services for a client and causes serious or potentially serious injury to a client; or

(c) a lawyer engages in a pattern of neglect with respect to client matters and causes serious or potentially serious injury to a client.

ABA Standards 4.41. See, e.g., People v. Williams, 845 P.2d 1150 (Colo. 1993) (disbarment warranted when lawyer neglects legal matter, fails to return client's retainer, evades service of process, fails to respond to request for investigation, and abandons practice); People v. Dulaney, 785 P.2d 1302 (Colo. 1990) (lawyer disbarred for chronic neglect of client matters and use of deceit to cover the neglect).

The respondent was licensed to practice law in Colorado in December 1990. Starting just a few months later, and continuing over a two-year period, the respondent embarked as a sole practitioner on a course of conduct that has resulted in ten separate instances of professional misconduct, some of which present at least the potential for serious harm to the respondent's clients and to the administration of justice. The gulf between the respondent's perception and understanding of the problems he has caused and the true state of affairs is underscored by the respondent's recommendation to the court that he be reinstated to the practice of law from the order of immediate suspension and receive, presumably, a public censure at the most for his misconduct.

The board found the existence of the following mitigating factors: absence of a prior disciplinary history, ABA Standards 9.32(a); absence of a dishonest or selfish motive, id. at 9.32(b); personal or emotional problems, id. at 9.32(c); character or reputation, id. at 9.32(d); and the imposition of an immediate suspension, id. at 9.32(k). In aggravation, the respondent displayed a pattern of misconduct, id. at 9.22(c); there are multiple offenses, id. at 9.22(d); the respondent has steadfastly refused to acknowledge the wrongful nature of his misconduct, id. at 9.22(g); some of the respondent's victims were vulnerable, id. at 9.22(h); and the respondent has been indifferent to making restitution, id. at 9.22(j).

Weighing the factors in mitigation and aggravation against the respondent's substantial misconduct, we conclude that disbarment is essential to protect the public. We therefore accept the hearing panel's recommendation that the respondent be disbarred. In addition, prior to any application for readmission, the respondent must make restitution as recommended by the hearing board. We decline, however, to make the order of disbarment retroactive to the effective date of the respondent's temporary suspension.

In People v. Abelman, 804 P.2d 859, 862-63 (Colo. 1991), we discussed what circumstances, if any, would justify the retroactive imposition of suspension or disbarment in the absence of an order imposing immediate suspension during the pendency of the disciplinary proceedings: "[W]hether the conduct is part of a continuing pattern or whether there is only a single instance of misconduct; whether there is a significantly attenuated relationship between the misconduct and the practice of law; and whether the passage of time mitigates the severity of the discipline required." Id. at 862.

Although there was an immediate order of suspension in this case, we nevertheless find retroactive discipline inappropriate. The sheer magnitude of the respondent's pattern of misconduct and its direct connection to the practice of law counsel against the retroactive imposition of discipline. Moreover, the time delay between the alleged misconduct, the order of immediate suspension, and this order of disbarment is not unreasonable. We note that the respondent has filed at least five motions for enlargement or extension of time in this disciplinary proceeding. Accordingly, we make the order of disbarment effective as of the date of this opinion.

III

It is hereby ordered that Mack Edward Murray, Jr., be disbarred and that his name be stricken from the list of attorneys authorized to practice before this court, effective immediately upon the issuance of this opinion. It is further ordered that, prior to any application for readmission, the respondent must make restitution as recommended by the hearing board on pages 49-50 of the findings of fact and recommendation of the hearing board, dated March 24, 1994. It is further ordered that the respondent pay the costs of this proceeding in the amount of $6,540.33 within 90 days after the announcement of this opinion to the Supreme Court Grievance Committee, 600 Seventeenth Street, Suite 920-S, Denver, Colorado 80202.

JUSTICE SCOTT dissents. JUSTICE MULLARKEY does not participate.