Summary
involving theft by taking which occurred in a department store
Summary of this case from State v. SmithOpinion
No. 17090-2-I.
November 24, 1986.
[1] Criminal Law — Trial — Taking Case From Jury — Sufficiency of Evidence — Test. Evidence is sufficient to support a criminal conviction if, when it is viewed most favorably to the State, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
[2] Theft — Elements — Unauthorized Control — Taking — What Constitutes. For purposes of RCW 9A.56.010(7)(a), which provides that taking another's property satisfies the exertion of unauthorized control element of the crime of theft, a person "takes" property when he assumes ownership over the property by acting inconsistently with the owner's interest.
Nature of Action: Prosecution of a juvenile for third degree theft. A store security officer had found him in a dressing room with five pairs of trousers hidden under his own trousers.
Superior Court: The Superior Court for King County, No. 85-8-00557-2, Maurice Epstein, J. Pro Tem., on August 19, 1985, entered a judgment finding the defendant guilty of the charge.
Court of Appeals: Holding that the conviction was supported by sufficient evidence, the court affirms the judgment.
Annie E. Roberts of Washington Appellate Defender Association, for appellant. Norm Maleng, Prosecuting Attorney, and Nicole MacInnes, Deputy, for respondent.
Roger Britten appeals from his conviction in juvenile court for third degree theft. He contends that the evidence was sufficient only to support a conviction for attempted third degree theft. We disagree and affirm.
Britten was charged by information with theft in the third degree, in violation of RCW 9A.56.050 and 9A.56.020(1)(a). After a fact finding hearing, he was found guilty as charged. Thereafter, the court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law in support of the conviction. Among these are the following, all of which are unchallenged by the appellant:
1. On October 18, 1984, the State's witness, Barry Clemons was employed and on duty as a security guard for The Bon Marche.
2. On that night Mr. Clemons saw the Respondent in his store around 7:45 in the evening.
3. There was little business in the store, so Mr. Clemons watched the Respondent for some time.
4. The Respondent went in and out of the dressing room with various pairs of pants belonging to the Bon.
5. At one point the Respondent went in with two pairs and came out with one. Then he went back in with several more pairs and stayed in an unusually long time.
6. When the store bagan [ sic] to close and the respondent still had not come out of the dressing room, Mr. Clemons started going through the dressing rooms.
7. In one room Mr. Clemons found several tags from the same type of pants that the Respondent had taken into the dressing rooms.
8. No other customers had gone into those dressing rooms that late hour.
9. Mr. Clemons continued down the dressing rooms and finally found the respondent standing up on the dressing room bench, crouched over. The Respondent's pants looked bulky.
10. The Respondent was wearing five pairs of Bon Marche pants of the same type that the tags identified completely concealed under the respondent's own pants.
11. The legs of the five pairs of Bon pants were tucked into the Respondent's socks.
12. The Respondent never paid for or attempted to pay for the pants.
13. On the way to Mr. Clemons' office, the respondent was asked his name and the respondent gave a different name from his own name.
The sole issue raised on appeal is whether the evidence was sufficient to support a conviction for third degree theft.
[1] The test for determining whether evidence is sufficient to support a criminal conviction is "whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." State v. Green, 94 Wn.2d 216, 221, 616 P.2d 628 (1980) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 61 L.Ed.2d 560, 99 S.Ct. 2781 (1979)).
A person is guilty of theft in the third degree if he commits theft of property which does not exceed $250 in value. RCW 9A.56.050. A person commits theft if he "wrongfully obtain[s] or exert[s] unauthorized control over the property . . . of another. . . with intent to deprive him of such property". RCW 9A.56.020(1)(a). There is no issue as to Britten's intent; the only issue in this case is whether the evidence is sufficient to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that he "wrongfully obtain[ed] or exert[ed] unauthorized control" over property belonging to the Bon Marche.
"Wrongfully obtains or exerts unauthorized control" is further defined in RCW 9A.56.010(7) to include both theft by taking and theft by embezzlement. See State v. Vargas, 37 Wn. App. 780, 781, 683 P.2d 234 (1984). Only RCW 9A.56.010(7)(a), theft by taking, is applicable to this case. The issue, then, is whether any rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that Britten took the jeans.
RCW 9A.56.010(7) states:
"`Wrongfully obtains' or `exerts unauthorized control' means:
"(a) To take the property or services of another; or
"(b) Having any property or services in one's possession, custody or control as bailee, factor, pledgee, servant, attorney, agent, employee, trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, or officer of any person, estate, association, or corporation, or as a public officer, or person authorized by agreement or competent authority to take or hold such possession, custody, or control, to secrete, withhold, or appropriate the same to his own use or to the use of any person other than the true owner or person entitled thereto".
[2] "Take" means "[t]o lay hold of; to gain or receive into possession; to seize; to deprive one of the use or possession of; to assume ownership." (Italics ours.) Black's Law Dictionary 1303 (5th ed. 1979). Britten argues, in essence, that he did not take the jeans because he did not leave the store, or even the dressing room, with them. However, there is strong circumstantial evidence that he removed the tags from the jeans, and it is undisputed that he concealed them under his own clothing. Even though these acts occurred in the dressing room, they were inconsistent with the store's ownership of the jeans. Ample evidence exists from which a rational trier of fact could find beyond a reasonable doubt that Britten assumed ownership of the jeans; that is, that he took them.
Affirmed.
WILLIAMS and WEBSTER, JJ., concur.