Opinion
2018–03840 Docket Nos. F–7474–17/17A, F–7474–17/17B
01-16-2019
In the Matter of Francis SPANO, Appellant, v. Jade SPANO, Respondent. (Proceeding No. 1) In the Matter of Jade Spano, Respondent, v. Francis Spano, Appellant. (Proceeding No. 2)
Ian S. Mednick, Hauppauge, NY, for appellant.
Ian S. Mednick, Hauppauge, NY, for appellant.
ALAN D. SCHEINKMAN, P.J., REINALDO E. RIVERA, SYLVIA O. HINDS–RADIX, BETSY BARROS, JJ.
DECISION & ORDERORDERED that the order dated March 14, 2018, is modified, on the law, by deleting the provisions thereof denying the father's objections to so much of the order dated January 16, 2018, as directed him to pay 100% of the child care expenses, extraordinary expenses, extracurricular expenses, and unreimbursed health-related expenses and health insurance expenses of the parties' children, and granted the mother's enforcement petition directing him to pay certain child support arrears, and substituting therefor provisions granting those objections, and directing the father to pay 90% of the child care expenses, extraordinary expenses, extracurricular expenses, and unreimbursed health-related expenses and health insurance expenses of the parties' children; as so modified, the order dated March 14, 2018, is affirmed insofar as appealed from, without costs or disbursements, the order dated January 16, 2018, is modified accordingly, and the matter is remitted to the Family Court, Suffolk County, for a new determination of the amount of the father's child support arrears and arrears of other payments relating to the children, if any, in accordance herewith.
The parties, who have two children together, were divorced by a judgment of divorce entered September 10, 2015. The parties executed a stipulation of settlement dated May 15, 2015, which was incorporated but not merged into the judgment of divorce, in which they agreed, inter alia, to share joint custody of the children, with the mother having physical custody. The mother waived any right to maintenance, but was granted exclusive use and occupancy of the marital residence for a period of two years from the date the agreement was executed. The parties agreed to opt out of the basic child support obligations under the Child Support Standards Act (hereinafter the CSSA) (see Family Ct. Act § 413 ), and that the father would pay the sum of $4,500 per month for child support until two years had passed and the mother's period of exclusive use and occupancy of the marital residence had ended, at which time "the child support shall be re-calculated in accordance with the Child Support Standards Act," and "child care and all other extras shall be revisited for pro rata share." The reasons for the deviation from the CSSA were stated as "the limited financial resources of the custodial parent for the time at which she attends college to secure a teaching degree, coupled with the ability of the non-custodial parent to provide an increased amount of support."At the conclusion of the two-year period, the father filed a petition to enforce the child support provisions of the stipulation, seeking a recalculation of his child support obligation in accordance with the CSSA. The mother filed a petition to enforce the child support provisions of the stipulation, alleging that the father was in arrears. Following a hearing, in an order dated January 16, 2018, the Support Magistrate granted the father's enforcement petition and directed the father to pay $880 weekly in child support, 50% of the children's college education expenses, and 100% of the child care expenses, extraordinary expenses, extracurricular expenses, and unreimbursed health-related expenses and health insurance expenses of the children. The Support Magistrate also granted the mother's enforcement petition and directed the father to pay certain child support arrears. The father filed timely objections to the Support Magistrate's order, which the Family Court denied in an order dated March 14, 2018. The father appeals from the order dated March 14, 2018.
The CSSA "sets forth a formula for calculating child support by applying a designated statutory percentage, based upon the number of children to be supported, to combined parental income up to a particular ceiling" ( Matter of Freeman v. Freeman , 71 A.D.3d 1143, 1144, 898 N.Y.S.2d 65 ; see Holterman v. Holterman , 3 N.Y.3d 1, 11, 781 N.Y.S.2d 458, 814 N.E.2d 765 ; Matter of Cassano v. Cassano , 85 N.Y.2d 649, 653, 628 N.Y.S.2d 10, 651 N.E.2d 878 ; Matter of Eagar v. Suchan , 128 A.D.3d 961, 962, 9 N.Y.S.3d 628 ). When the parties' combined income is more than the statutory cap—in this case, $143,000 (see Social Services Law § 111–i[2][b], [c] )—"the court has the discretion to cap the support obligation at an amount based on the statutory cap or order child support above the statutory cap, based on the factors set forth in Family Court Act § 413(1)(f) and/or the child support percentage set forth in Family Court Act § 413(1)(c)(3)" ( Matter of Santman v. Schonfeldt , 159 A.D.3d 914, 915, 70 N.Y.S.3d 79 ; see Matter of Cassano v. Cassano , 85 N.Y.2d at 654, 628 N.Y.S.2d 10, 651 N.E.2d 878 ; Matter of Peddycoart v. MacKay , 145 A.D.3d 1081, 1084, 45 N.Y.S.3d 135 ). Since the statute "explicitly vests discretion in the court and [because] the exercise of discretion is subject to review ... some record articulation of the reasons for the court's choice to apply the percentage is necessary to facilitate ... review" ( Matter of Cassano v. Cassano , 85 N.Y.2d at 655, 628 N.Y.S.2d 10, 651 N.E.2d 878 ; see Matter of Eagar v. Suchan , 128 A.D.3d at 962, 9 N.Y.S.3d 628 ; Matter of Wienands v. Hedlund , 305 A.D.2d 692, 693, 762 N.Y.S.2d 90 ; Rohrs v. Rohrs , 297 A.D.2d 317, 318, 746 N.Y.S.2d 305 ). Further, a support magistrate need not rely upon a party's account of his or her own finances, but may impute income based upon the party's past income or demonstrated earning potential (see Matter of Napoli v. Koller , 140 A.D.3d 1070, 1071, 34 N.Y.S.3d 488 ; Matter of Rohme v. Burns , 92 A.D.3d 946, 947, 939 N.Y.S.2d 532 ; Matter of Strella v. Ferro , 42 A.D.3d 544, 546, 841 N.Y.S.2d 118 ).
The father argues that the Support Magistrate should have imputed income to the mother commensurate with her earning potential as a teacher. While a court may determine a child support obligation on the basis of a party's earning potential, rather than the party's current economic situation, the calculation of the party's earning potential must have some basis in law and fact (see Matter of Joseph v. Dalmacy , 270 A.D.2d 489, 704 N.Y.S.2d 667 ; Petek v. Petek , 239 A.D.2d 327, 328, 657 N.Y.S.2d 738 ). Here, the father did not establish what the mother's earning potential was as a teacher and there is no such evidence in the record. Accordingly, the Support Magistrate providently exercised her discretion in imputing income to the mother in the sum of $21,896 based upon her actual income in 2016, as reflected in income tax statements (see O'Brien v. O'Brien , 163 A.D.3d 694, 695–696, 81 N.Y.S.3d 417 ; D'Amico v. D'Amico , 66 A.D.3d 951, 952, 887 N.Y.S.2d 675 ; Gezelter v. Shoshani , 283 A.D.2d 455, 456–457, 724 N.Y.S.2d 481 ).
The record indicates that the children enjoyed a middle-class lifestyle, with extracurricular activities and summer camp. The Support Magistrate properly determined that the children's needs will be met, and their lifestyle maintained, with an award based upon applying the child support percentage to the total combined parental income. Accordingly, the Support Magistrate's determination to calculate child support obligations based on the parties' combined parental adjusted gross income of $203,393.04, which is $60,393 more than the $143,000 statutory cap, is adequately supported by the record, and was not an improvident exercise of the Support Magistrate's discretion (see Matter of Keith v. Lawrence , 113 A.D.3d 615, 616, 978 N.Y.S.2d 316 ; Iarocci v. Iarocci , 98 A.D.3d 999, 1001, 951 N.Y.S.2d 176 ).
However, the parties' stipulation of settlement required the father to pay a "pro rata share" of "child care and all other extras" after the two-year period had expired. Accordingly, the Family Court erred in denying the father's objections to so much of the Support Magistrate's order as directed him to pay 100% of those add-on expenses (see Matter of Wallin v. Wallin , 53 A.D.3d 663, 665, 862 N.Y.S.2d 557 ; Matter of Nelson v. Nelson , 48 A.D.3d 688, 850 N.Y.S.2d 915 ; Cohen–Davidson v. Davidson , 291 A.D.2d 474, 475, 740 N.Y.S.2d 68 ). Since the father's pro rata share of the total combined parental income was 90%, he should have been directed to pay only 90% of those expenses.
Moreover, it appears that the the Support Magistrate miscalculated the father's child support arrears by miscalculating the credits due him. Accordingly, we must remit the matter to the Family Court, Suffolk County, for a new determination of the amount of the father's child support arrears and arrears of child care expenses, extraordinary expenses, extracurricular expenses, and unreimbursed health-related expenses and health insurance expenses of the children.
The father's remaining contentions are without merit.
SCHEINKMAN, P.J., RIVERA, HINDS–RADIX and BARROS, JJ., concur.